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60 Æí
| Paper
60: Urantia During the Early Land-Life Era | |
60:0.1 ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í¸¸ÀÇ
µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ ½Ã´ë´Â ³¡³µ´Ù. À°Áö°¡ »ó½ÂÇÏ°í, Áö°¢°ú ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ³Ã°¢µÇ¸é¼, ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ Á¦ÇÑ¿¡ µû¸¥ ½ÉÈ´Â, ºÏ¹Ý±¸¿¡¼ ¶¥ÀÌ
Å©°Ô È®ÀåµÈ °Í°ú ¾Æ¿ï·¯, Àûµµ·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø ¸ðµç Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ¼¼°èÀÇ ±âÈĸ¦ º¯È½ÃÅ°±âµµ·Ï ¸ðµÎ ÇÔ²² Å©°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇß´Ù.
| The era of
exclusive marine life has ended. Land elevation, cooling crust and
cooling oceans, sea restriction and consequent deepening, together
with a great increase of land in northern latitudes, all conspired
greatly to change the world's climate in all regions far removed
from the equatorial zone. | |
60:0.2 ¾Õ¼± ½Ã±âÀÇ
¸»±â´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î °³±¸¸® ½Ã´ë¿´Áö¸¸, À°Áö ôÃßµ¿¹°ÀÇ ÀÌ Á¶»óÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ Áö¹èÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, ±× ¼ö´Â Å©°Ô ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù.
±Ø¼Ò¼öÀÇ Á¾·ù°¡ ÀÌÀüÀÇ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ¼ö³±âÀÇ È¤µ¶ÇÑ ½Ã·ÃÀ» À̰ܳ´Ù. ¾¾¾ÑÀ» ¸Î´Â(Æ÷ÀÚ) ½Ä¹°Á¶Â÷µµ °ÅÀÇ ¸êÁ¾ÇØ ¹ö·È´Ù.
| The closing
epochs of the preceding era were indeed the age of frogs, but these
ancestors of the land vertebrates were no longer dominant, having
survived in greatly reduced numbers. Very few types outlived the
rigorous trials of the preceding period of biologic tribulation.
Even the spore-bearing plants were nearly extinct. |
1. The Early Reptilian Age The erosion deposits of this period were mostly conglomerates, shale, and sandstone. The gypsum and red layers throughout these sedimentations over both America and Europe indicate that the climate of these continents was arid. These arid districts were subjected to great erosion from the violent and periodic cloudbursts on the surrounding highlands. | ||
60:1.2 ÀÌ ÁöÃþ¿¡¼
ȼ®Àº °ÅÀÇ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, »ç¾Ï¿¡¼ À°Áö ÆÄÃæ·ùÀÇ ¼ö¸¹Àº ¹ßÀÚ±¹ÀÌ °üÂûµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ
ºÓÀº »ç¾Ï ÅðÀû¹° 300m´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ȼ®À» Ç°Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. À°Áö µ¿¹°ÀÇ »ý¸íÀº °Ü¿ì ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¾î¶² ºÎºÐ¿¡¼¸¸ °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Few fossils
are to be found in these layers, but numerous sandstone footprints
of the land reptiles may be observed. In many regions the one thousand
feet of red sandstone deposit of this period contains no fossils.
The life of land animals was continuous only in certain parts of
Africa. | |
60:1.3 ÀÌ ÅðÀû¹°Àº
µÎ²²°¡ 900m~3000m±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇϸç, ½ÉÁö¾î ÅÂÆò¾ç ¿¬¾È¿¡¼´Â 5,400m±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ ¿ë¾ÏÀÌ ÀÌ ¸¹Àº
ÁöÃþ »çÀÌ·Î ¹Ð·Áµé¾ú´Ù. Çãµå½¼ °ÀÇ ÆÓ¸®¼¼ÀÌµå »ê¸ÆÀº ÀÌ Æ®¶óÀ̾ƽº±â
ÁöÃþ »çÀÌ¿¡ Çö¹«¾Ï ¿ë¾ÏÀÌ ºÐÃâµÇ¸é¼ Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. È»êÀÇ È°µ¿Àº ¼¼°è °¢Áö¿¡¼ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù.
| These deposits
vary in thickness from 3,000 to 10,000 feet, even being 18,000 on
the Pacific coast. Lava was later forced in between many of these
layers. The Palisades of the Hudson River were formed by the extrusion
of basalt lava between these Triassic strata. Volcanic action was
extensive in different parts of the world. | |
60:1.4 À¯·´,
ƯÈ÷ µ¶ÀÏ°ú ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ÅðÀû¹°µéÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿µ±¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½ÅÀû»ö(´º·¹µå) »ç¾ÏÀº ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù.
¹Ù´Ù°¡ ħÀÔÇÑ °á°ú·Î ³²ÂÊ ¾ËÇÁ½º¿¡ ¼®È¸¾ÏÀÌ ½×¿´°í, ±× Áö¿ª¿¡¼´Â ƯÀÌÇÑ ¹é¿î¾Ï(µ¹·Î¸¶ÀÌÆ®) ¼®È¸¾Ï º®, ºÀ¿ì¸®,
±âµÕÀÌ µÈ °ÍÀ» ¿À´Ã³¯ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÁöÃþÀº ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í ¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾Æ Àü¿ª¿¡¼ °ÉÃÄ ¹ß°ßµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Ä«¶ó¶ó ´ë¸®¼®Àº
ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¯ÇüµÈ ¼®È¸¾Ï¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ¾î¶² °Íµµ ³²¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ³²ºÎ Áö¿ª¿¡¼´Â ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀε¥, ÀÌ´Â ´ë·úÀÇ
±× ºÎºÐÀÌ ¹° ¹ØÀ¸·Î °¡¶ó¾É¾Æ Àֱ⠶§¹®À̸ç, µû¶ó¼ ±× ÀÌÀü°ú ÀÌÈÄ ½Ã´ë·Î À̾îÁö´Â ¹°¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÅðÀû¹°À̳ª Çؾç ÅðÀû¹°¸¸
³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù.
| Over Europe,
especially Germany and Russia, may be found deposits of this period.
In England the New Red Sandstone belongs to this epoch. Limestone
was laid down in the southern Alps as the result of a sea invasion
and may now be seen as the peculiar dolomite limestone walls, peaks,
and pillars of those regions. This layer is to be found all over
Africa and Australia. The Carrara marble comes from such modified
limestone. Nothing of this period will be found in the southern
regions of South America as that part of the continent remained
down and hence presents only a water or marine deposit continuous
with the preceding and succeeding epochs. | |
60:1.5
1¾ï 5õ¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ¼¼°è ¿ª»çÀÇ Ãʱâ À°Áö »ý¸íÀÇ ½Ã±â°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ý¸íÀº Àß °ßµðÁö ¸øÇßÁö¸¸, Çؾç
»ý¸í ½Ã´ëÀÇ Ä¡¿ÇÏ°í ³ÃȤÇÑ ¸»±âº¸´Ù ´õ Àß °ßµð¾ú´Ù.
| 150,000,000
years ago the early land-life periods of the world's history began.
Life, in general, did not fare well but did better than at the strenuous
and hostile close of the marine-life era. | |
60:1.6 ÀÌ ½Ã´ë°¡
½ÃÀÛµÇÀÚ, ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ µ¿ºÎ¿Í ÁߺÎ, ³²¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ºÏÂÊ Àý¹Ý, À¯·´ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐ, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ°¡ ¹° À§·Î ³ª¿Í
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â óÀ½À¸·Î Áö¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î °í¸³µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ¿À·¡Áö ¾Ê¾Æ º£¸µ ÇØÇùÀÇ À°Áö ´Ù¸®°¡ °ð ´Ù½Ã ¼Ú¾Æ³ª¼ ±×
´ë·úÀ» ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿Í ¿¬°áÇß´Ù.
| As this era
opens, the eastern and central parts of North America, the northern
half of South America, most of Europe, and all of Asia are well
above water. North America for the first time is geographically
isolated, but not for long as the Bering Strait land bridge soon
again emerges, connecting the continent with Asia. | |
60:1.7 ºÏ¹Ì¿¡¼,
´ë¼¾ç°ú ÅÂÆò¾ç ¿¬¾È¿¡ ÆòÇàÇÏ°Ô Å« °ñÂ¥±âµéÀÌ ¹ß´ÞÇß´Ù. µ¿ºÎ-ÄÚ³×ƼÄÆÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ ´ÜÃþÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ°í, ÇÑÂÊÀº °á±¹ 3.2km³ª
°¡¶ó¾É¾Ò´Ù. ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¸¹Àº °ñÂ¥±âµéÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ħ½Ä ÅðÀû¹°·Î °¡µæ á°í, »êÁöÀÇ ´ã¼öÈ£¿Í ¿°¼ö È£¼öÀÇ ºÐÁöµéµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö¿´´Ù.
³ªÁß¿¡, ÀÌ ¸Þ¿öÁø ¶¥µéÀº ÁöÇÏ¿¡¼ ÀÏ¾î³ ¿ë¾ÏÀÇ È帧¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Å©°Ô ³ô¾ÆÁ³´Ù. ¸¹Àº Áö¿ªÀÇ ¼®È¸²(à´ûù×ù)Àº ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡
¼ÓÇÑ´Ù.
| Great troughs
developed in North America, paralleling the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts. The great eastern-Connecticut fault appeared, one side eventually
sinking two miles. Many of these North American troughs were later
filled with erosion deposits, as also were many of the basins of
the fresh- and salt-water lakes of the mountain regions. Later on,
these filled land depressions were greatly elevated by lava flows
which occurred underground. The petrified forests of many regions
belong to this epoch. | |
60:1.8 ´ë·ú ħ¼ö
Áß¿¡ º¸Åë ¹° À§¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÅÂÆò¾ç ÇؾÈÀº Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÀÇ ³²ºÎ¿Í Áö±ÝÀÇ ÅÂÆò¾ç¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇß´ø Å« ¼¶À» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ħÇϵǾú´Ù.
ÀÌ °í´ë Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ÇØ¾ç »ý¹°ÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇß°í Áß¼ºÎ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¿À·¡µÈ ¹Ù´Ù ºÐÁö¿Í ¿¬°áµÇµµ·Ï µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î È®ÀåµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| The Pacific
coast, usually above water during the continental submergences,
went down excepting the southern part of California and a large
island which then existed in what is now the Pacific Ocean. This
ancient California sea was rich in marine life and extended eastward
to connect with the old sea basin of the midwestern region. | |
60:1.9
1¾ï 4õ¸¸ ³â Àü, °©ÀÚ±â, ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ¹ßÀüµÈ µÎ ÆÄÃæ·ù ÀÌÀü Á¶»óÀÌ ÁØ Â¡Èĸ¸À¸·Î, ÆÄÃæ·ù°¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷
¹ßÀ°µÈ ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. À̰͵éÀº ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î ¹ßÀüÇß°í, °ð ¾Ç¾î¸¦ ³º¾Ò°í, ºñ´Ã ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÃæ·ù, ±×¸®°í °á±¹¿¡´Â ¹Ù´Ù¹ì°ú
³ª¸£´Â ÆÄÃæ·ù¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̰͵éÀÇ °úµµ±â Á¶»óÀº ºü¸£°Ô »ç¶óÁ³´Ù.
| 140,000,000
years ago, suddenly and with only the hint of the two prereptilian
ancestors that developed in Africa during the preceding epoch, the
reptiles appeared in full-fledged form. They developed rapidly,
soon yielding crocodiles, scaled reptiles, and eventually both sea
serpents and flying reptiles. Their transition ancestors speedily
disappeared. | |
60:1.10 ÀÌ ºü¸£°Ô
ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ÆÄÃæ·ù °ø·æµéÀº °ð ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ Áö¹èÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. °ø·æÀº ¾ËÀ» ³º¾Ò°í, ÀÛÀº µÎ³ú·Î ¸ðµç µ¿¹°°ú ±¸º°µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥,
³ªÁß¿¡´Â 40ÅæÀ̳ª µÇ´Â ¸öÀ» °¡´©´Â µ¥ 0.5KgÀÌ Ã¤ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â µÎ³ú¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃʱâÀÇ ÆÄÃæ·ù´Â ´õ ÀÛ¾Ò°í,
À°½ÄÀ» Çϸç Ä»°Å·çó·³ µÞ´Ù¸®·Î °É¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¼ÓÀÌ ºó, »õ Á¾·ùÀÇ »À¸¦ °¡Á³°í, ³ªÁß¿¡´Â µÞ¹ß¿¡ ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ¹ß°¡¶ô¸¸
¹ß´Þ½ÃÄ״µ¥, ±×°ÍµéÀÇ È¼® ¹ßÀÚ±¹ Áß ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ »õµéÀÇ ¹ßÀÚ±¹À¸·Î ¿ÀÀεǾú´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ÃÊ½Ä °ø·æÀÌ ÁøÈÇß´Ù.
±×°ÍµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ³× ¹ß·Î °É¾ú°í, ÀÌ ¹«¸®ÀÇ ÇÑ °¥·¡´Â º¸È£ °©¿ÊÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù.
| These rapidly
evolving reptilian dinosaurs soon became the monarchs of this age.
They were egg layers and are distinguished from all animals by their
small brains, having brains weighing less than one pound to control
bodies later weighing as much as forty tons. But earlier reptiles
were smaller, carnivorous, and walked kangaroolike on their hind
legs. They had hollow avian bones and subsequently developed only
three toes on their hind feet, and many of their fossil footprints
have been mistaken for those of giant birds. Later on, the herbivorous
dinosaurs evolved. They walked on all fours, and one branch of this
group developed a protective armor. | |
60:1.11 ¸î¹é¸¸
³â ÈÄ¿¡ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. À̰͵éÀº ŹÝÀÌ ¾ø¾ú°í À绡¸® ½ÇÆÐÀÛÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ÆǸíµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ »ì¾Æ³²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº Æ÷À¯µ¿¹° Á¾·ù¸¦ °³·®ÇÏ·Á°í ½ÇÇèÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ̾úÁö¸¸, À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼´Â ¼º°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
| Several million
years later the first mammals appeared. They were nonplacental and
proved a speedy failure; none survived. This was an experimental
effort to improve mammalian types, but it did not succeed on Urantia.
| |
60:1.12 ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ
ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀº ºó¾àÇßÁö¸¸, ¹Ù´Ù°¡ »õ·ÎÀÌ Ä§ÀÔÇÔÀ¸·Î ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î °³¼±µÇ¾ú°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´Ù½Ã ¾èÀº ¼ö¿ªÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Çؾȼ±À»
¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. À¯·´°ú ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ÁÖº¯¿¡ ´õ ¾èÀº ¹°ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, °¡Àå dzºÎÇÑ È¼® ÁöÃþÀº ÀÌ ´ë·úµé ±Ùó¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÉ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é, Àεµ¿Í ³²ÅÂÆò¾ç À¯¿ªÀÇ ¼¶µé»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó È÷¸»¶ó¾ß¤ý½Ãº£¸®¾Æ¤ýÁöÁßÇØ
Áö¿ªÀ» Á¶»çÇØ º¸¶ó. ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í¿¡¼ ¶Ù¾î³ ÇÑ Æ¯¼ºÀº ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¾Ï¸ð³ªÀÌÆ® ¹«¸®°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú°í, À̵éÀÇ È¼® ÀÚÃë´Â
Àü ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù.
| The marine
life of this period was meager but improved rapidly with the new
invasion of the sea, which again produced extensive coast lines
of shallow waters. Since there was more shallow water around Europe
and Asia, the richest fossil beds are to be found about these continents.
Today, if you would study the life of this age, examine the Himalayan,
Siberian, and Mediterranean regions, as well as India and the islands
of the southern Pacific basin. A prominent feature of the marine
life was the presence of hosts of the beautiful ammonites, whose
fossil remains are found all over the world. | |
60:1.13
1¾ï 3õ¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ¹Ù´Ù´Â °ÅÀÇ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ½Ãº£¸®¾Æ¿Í ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â º£¸µ ÇØÇùÀÇ À°Áö ´Ù¸®·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
dzºÎÇÏ°í µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀÌ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÀÇ ÅÂÆò¾ç ¿¬¾È¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³µ°í, ±×°÷¿¡¼ 1õ Á¾ÀÌ ³Ñ´Â ¾Ï¸ð³ªÀÌÆ®°¡ ´õ ³ôÀº
Á¾·ùÀÇ µÎÁ··ù·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ßÀüÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ »ý¸íÀÇ º¯È´Â °úµµ±âÀûÀÌ°í Á¡ÁøÀûÀ̾úÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í Á¤¸»·Î Çõ½ÅÀûÀ̾ú´Ù.
| 130,000,000
years ago the seas had changed very little. Siberia and North America
were connected by the Bering Strait land bridge. A rich and unique
marine life appeared on the Californian Pacific coast, where over
one thousand species of ammonites developed from the higher types
of cephalopods. The life changes of this period were indeed revolutionary
notwithstanding that they were transitional and gradual. | |
60:1.14
ÀÌ ±â°£Àº 2õ5¹é¸¸ ³âÀÌ ³Ñµµ·Ï ¿¬ÀåµÇ¸ç, Æ®¶óÀ̾ƽº±â·Î
¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| This period
extended over twenty-five million years and is known as the Triassic. |
60:2.1 1¾ï 2õ¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ÆÄÃæ·ù ½Ã´ëÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ±¹¸éÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ Å« »ç°ÇÀº °ø·æÀÇ ÁøÈ¿Í ¼èÅð¿´´Ù. À°Áö µ¿¹°ÀÇ »ý¸íÀº Å©±â ¸é¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å« ¹ßÀüÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾ú°í, ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ³¡ÀÌ µÇÀÚ, Áö±¸ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼ »ç½Ç»ó ¸ê¸ÁÇØ ¹ö·È´Ù. °ø·æÀº ±æÀÌ°¡ 60§¯ ä ¾È µÇ´Â Á¾À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ±æÀÌ°¡ 22.5m µÇ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ºñÀ°½Ä¼º °ø·æ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¿Â°® Å©±â·Î ÁøÈÇߴµ¥, ±× ÀÌÈÄ·Î »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² »ý¹°µµ ±Ô¸ð ¸é¿¡¼ °áÄÚ ÀÌ °ø·æµéÀ» ÇÊÀûÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. | 2. The Later Reptilian Age 120,000,000 years ago a new phase of the reptilian age began. The great event of this period was the evolution and decline of the dinosaurs. Land-animal life reached its greatest development, in point of size, and had virtually perished from the face of the earth by the end of this age. The dinosaurs evolved in all sizes from a species less than two feet long up to the huge noncarnivorous dinosaurs, seventy-five feet long, that have never since been equaled in bulk by any living creature. | |
60:2.2 °ø·æ °¡¿îµ¥
°¡Àå Å« °ÍÀº ºÏ¹Ì ¼ºÎ¿¡¼ À¯·¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ±«¹° °°Àº ÆÄÃæ·ùµéÀº ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ´ë¼¾ç ¿¬¾ÈÀ» µû¶ó ¼ºÎ À¯·´, ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«,
±×¸®°í Àεµ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÀÖ´Â ·ÎÅ°»ê¸Æ Àü¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¸ÅÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾Æ¿¡´Â ¾ø´Ù.
| The largest
of the dinosaurs originated in western North America. These monstrous
reptiles are buried throughout the Rocky Mountain regions, along
the whole of the Atlantic coast of North America, over western Europe,
South Africa, and India, but not in Australia. | |
60:2.3 ÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ
»ý¸íüµéÀº Á¡Á¡ ´õ Ä¿Áú¼ö·Ï, ´õ È°µ¿ÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé°í ¾àÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ ¸ÔÀÌ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇß°í, À̰͵éÀº ¶¥¿¡
³ÑÃijª¼, ±ÛÀÚ ±×´ë·Î ±¾¾î Á×°í ¸êÁ¾µÇ¾ú´Ù¡ª±× ȯ°æÀ» À̰ܳ¾ Áö´ÉÀÌ ºÎÁ·Çß´Ù.
| These massive
creatures became less active and strong as they grew larger and
larger; but they required such an enormous amount of food and the
land was so overrun by them that they literally starved to death
and became extinct-they lacked the intelligence to cope with the
situation. | |
60:2.4 ÀÌ ¹«·Æ¿¡´Â
¿À·§µ¿¾È »ó½ÂÇØ ÀÖ´ø ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ µ¿ÂÊ Áö¿ª ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î ³»·Á¿Í ´ë¼¾çÀ¸·Î ¾Ä°Ü ³»·Á°¬À¸¸ç, ÇؾÈÀº Áö±Ýº¸´Ù
¸î¹éKm³ª ´õ ¸Ö¸® »¸¾ú´Ù. ´ë·úÀÇ ¼ÂÊ Áö¿ªÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »ó½ÂÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ÀÌ Áö¿ªµéÁ¶Â÷µµ ³ªÁß¿¡ ºÏÂÊ ¹Ù´Ù¿Í ÅÂÆò¾ç¿¡
ÀÇÇØ Ä§½Ä´çÇß°í, ÅÂÆò¾çÀº µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î ´ÙÄÚŸÀÇ ºí·¢ Èú½º Áö¿ª±îÁö »¸¾ú´Ù.
| By this time
most of the eastern part of North America, which had long been elevated,
had been leveled down and washed into the Atlantic Ocean so that
the coast extended several hundred miles farther out than now. The
western part of the continent was still up, but even these regions
were later invaded by both the northern sea and the Pacific, which
extended eastward to the Dakota Black Hills region. | |
60:2.5 ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â
Äݷζ󵵤ý¸óųª¤ý¿ÍÀÌ¿À¹ÖÀÇ À̸¥¹Ù ¸ð¸®½¼ ÁöÃþ¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â dzºÎÇÑ ¹Î¹° ȼ®À» ÅëÇØ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ, ¸¹Àº ³»·úÀÇ È£¼ö·Î
Ư¡Áö¾îÁö´Â ¹Î¹° ½Ã´ë¿´´Ù. ¼Ò±Ý°ú ´ã¼ö¸¦ ÇÕÄ£ ÅðÀû¹°ÀÇ µÎ²²´Â 600m~1500m±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ÁöÃþ¿¡´Â ¼®È¸¼®ÀÌ
°ÅÀÇ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
| This was a
fresh-water age characterized by many inland lakes, as is shown
by the abundant fresh-water fossils of the so-called Morrison beds
of Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming. The thickness of these combined
salt- and fresh-water deposits varies from 2,000 to 5,000 feet;
but very little limestone is present in these layers. | |
60:2.6 ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«
¾ÆÁÖ ¹ØÀ¸·Î »¸Àº, ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ±ØÁö¹æÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î °ð ÃâÇöÇÏ´Â ¾Èµ¥½º»ê¸ÆÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ³²¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« Àüü¸¦ µÚµ¤¾ú´Ù.
Áß±¹°ú ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¹°¿¡ Àá°åÁö¸¸, ¹°ÀÇ Ä§ÀÔÀº À¯·´¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÄÇ´Ù. µ¶ÀÏ ³²ºÎ¿¡¼ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¼®ÆÇ Àμ⿡ ¾²ÀÌ´Â
µ¹ÀÌ ÀÌ Ä§¼ö ±â°£¿¡ ½×¿´´Âµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿¾ °ïÃæµéÀÇ ¾ÆÁÖ ¼¶¼¼ÇÑ ³¯°³¿Í °°Àº ȼ®ÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¾îÁ¦ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °Íó·³ º¸Á¸µÈ
ÁöÃþÀÌ´Ù.
| The same polar
sea that extended so far down over North America likewise covered
all of South America except the soon appearing Andes Mountains.
Most of China and Russia was inundated, but the water invasion was
greatest in Europe. It was during this submergence that the beautiful
lithographic stone of southern Germany was laid down, those strata
in which fossils, such as the most delicate wings of olden insects,
are preserved as of but yesterday. | |
60:2.7 ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ
½Ä¹°±ºÀº ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ëÀÇ °Í°ú ¹«Ã´ ºñ½ÁÇß´Ù. ¾çÄ¡½Ä¹°ÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÈ ¹Ý¸é, ħ¿±¼ö¿Í ¼Ò³ª¹«´Â Á¡Á¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ Ç°Á¾°ú ºñ½ÁÇØÁ³´Ù.
ÀϺΠ¼®ÅºÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÁöÁßÇØ ºÏÂÊ ÇؾÈÀ» µû¶ó Çü¼ºµÇ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| The flora of
this age was much like that of the preceding. Ferns persisted, while
conifers and pines became more and more like the present-day varieties.
Some coal was still being formed along the northern Mediterranean
shores. | |
60:2.8 ¹Ù´Ù°¡
µ¹¾Æ¿Í ±âÈÄ°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÁ³´Ù. »êÈ£´Â À¯·´ÇØ¿ªÀ¸·Î ÆÛÁ®³ª°¬°í, ±âÈÄ°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿ÂÈÇÏ°í ÇÑ°á°°¾ÒÀ½À» Áõ¸íÇÏÁö¸¸, »êÈ£´Â õõÈ÷
½Ä¾î°¡´Â ±ØÁö¹æÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼´Â °áÄÚ ´Ù½Ã ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÃÀýÀÇ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀº, ƯÈ÷ À¯·´ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼, Å©°Ô °³¼±µÇ°í
¹ßÀüÇß´Ù. »êÈ£¿Í °¹³ª¸®°¡ Áö±Ý±îÁöº¸´Ù Å« ¹«¸®·Î Àá½Ã ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Ï¸ð³ªÀÌÆ®°¡ ´ë¾ç¿¡¼ ¹«Ã´Ãß »ý¸íÀ» Áö¹èÇß°í
±× Æò±Õ Å©±â´Â 7.5cm~10cm¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÇÑ Á¾Àº Áö¸§ÀÌ 2.4m³ª µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çظé(úØú)ÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡³ª
ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¿À¡¾î¿Í ±¼Àº °è¼Ó ÁøÈÇß´Ù.
| The return
of the seas improved the weather. Corals spread to European waters,
testifying that the climate was still mild and even, but they never
again appeared in the slowly cooling polar seas. The marine life
of these times improved and developed greatly, especially in European
waters. Both corals and crinoids temporarily appeared in larger
numbers than heretofore, but the ammonites dominated the invertebrate
life of the oceans, their average size ranging from three to four
inches, though one species attained a diameter of eight feet. Sponges
were everywhere, and both cuttlefish and oysters continued to evolve. | |
60:2.9
1¾ï 1õ¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇØ¾ç »ý¹°µéÀÌ °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© ÆîÃÄÁö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼º°Ô°¡ ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ¶Ù¾î³ µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌÀÇ Çϳª¿´´Ù.
°Ô, ¹Ù´å°¡Àç, ±×¸®°í Çö´ë Á¾·ùÀÇ °©°¢·ù°¡ ¼º¼÷Çß´Ù. ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ º¯È°¡ ¹°°í±â °ú¿¡¼ ÀϾ°í, ö°©»ó¾î Á¾·ù°¡ ¸ÕÀú
³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À°Áö ÆÄÃæ·ù·ÎºÎÅÍ ³»·Á¿Â »ç³ª¿î ¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿Â ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ µé²ú¾ú°í, ¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀº ¹°°í±â °ú Àüü¸¦
¸ê¸Á½ÃÅ°·Á°í À§ÇùÇß´Ù.
| 110,000,000
years ago the potentials of marine life were continuing to unfold.
The sea urchin was one of the outstanding mutations of this epoch.
Crabs, lobsters, and the modern types of crustaceans matured. Marked
changes occurred in the fish family, a sturgeon type first appearing,
but the ferocious sea serpents, descended from the land reptiles,
still infested all the seas, and they threatened the destruction
of the entire fish family. | |
60:2.10 À̶§´Â
°è¼ÓÇÏ¿©, ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ, °ø·æÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿´´Ù. °ø·æÀÌ ¶¥¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª µé²ú¾î¼, µÎ Á¾ÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ħ½ÄÇÏ´Â ½Ã±â¿¡ ¸ÔÀ̸¦
¾òÀ¸·Á°í ¹°¿¡ ¶Ù¾îµé¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀº ÁøÈÀÇ Å𺸿¡ ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù. »õ·Î¿î ¸î Á¾ÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¾î¶² Ç÷ÅëÀº °íÁ¤µÈ
»óÅ·Π³²¾ÆÀÖ°í, ÀϺδ ¿¾³¯·Î ÈÄÅðÇÏ¿© ÀÌÀüÀÇ »óÅ·Πµ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÌ µÎ Á¾·ùÀÇ ÆÄÃæ·ù°¡ ¶¥À» ¶°³µÀ»
¶§ ÀϾ´Ù.
| This continued
to be, pre-eminently, the age of the dinosaurs. They so overran
the land that two species had taken to the water for sustenance
during the preceding period of sea encroachment. These sea serpents
represent a backward step in evolution. While some new species are
progressing, certain strains remain stationary and others gravitate
backward, reverting to a former state. And this is what happened
when these two types of reptiles forsook the land. | |
60:2.11 ¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀº
½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ªÀÚ Å©°Ô ÀÚ¶ó¼ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ´À·ÁÁ³°í, °á±¹¿¡´Â ¸ê¸ÁÇߴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀÌ Å« µÎ³ú°¡ ¾ø¾î¼ ¾öû³ ¸öÀ» º¸È£ÇÒ
¼ö ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ ¾î·æÀº ¶§¶§·Î ±æÀÌ°¡ 15m µÇ°Ô ÀÚ¶ú°í, ´ë´Ù¼ö´Â ±æÀÌ°¡ 10.5m ³ÑÀº °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀε¥µµ,
¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀÇ µÎ³ú´Â ¹«°Ô°¡ 56gµµ ä µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÇØ¾ç ¾Ç¾îµµ À°Áö Á¾·ùÀÇ ÆÄÃæ·ù·ÎºÎÅÍ º¹±ÍÇÑ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ¹Ù´Ù¹ì°ú
´Þ¸®, ÀÌ µ¿¹°Àº ¾ËÀ» ³ºÀ¸·Á°í ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¶¥À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù.
| As time passed,
the sea serpents grew to such size that they became very sluggish
and eventually perished because they did not have brains large enough
to afford protection for their immense bodies. Their brains weighed
less than two ounces notwithstanding the fact that these huge ichthyosaurs
sometimes grew to be fifty feet long, the majority being over thirty-five
feet in length. The marine crocodilians were also a reversion from
the land type of reptile, but unlike the sea serpents, these animals
always returned to the land to lay their eggs. | |
60:2.12 µÎ Á¾ÀÇ
°ø·æÀÌ Àڱ⠺¸Á¸À» À§ÇÑ ÇêµÈ ½Ãµµ¿¡¼ ¹°°¡·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÑ Á÷ÈÄ, µÎ Á¾·ùÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ °ø·æµéÀº À°Áö¿¡¼ÀÇ Ä¡¿ÇÑ »ýÁ¸ °æÀïÀ¸·Î
°øÁßÀ¸·Î ¹Ð·Á³µ´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¸£´Â ÀÍ·æµéÀº ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ÁøÂ¥ »õµéÀÇ Á¶»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. À̰͵éÀº »À°¡ ¿òÇ« ÆÄÀÎ °ø·æ¿¡¼ ÁøÈÇß°í,
³¯°³´Â 6m~7.5mÀÇ ³ÐÀÌ·Î ¹ÚÁã °°Àº ÇüÅ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ °í´ë ³ª¸£´Â ÆÄÃæ·ùµéÀº ±æÀÌ°¡ 3m±îÁö ÀÚ¶ú°í, Çö´ëÀÇ ¹ìµé°ú
¸Å¿ì ºñ½ÁÇÑ ºÐ¸® °¡´ÉÇÑ ÅÎÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. Çѵ¿¾È ÀÌ ³¯¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â ÆÄÃæ·ùµéÀº ¼º°øÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸¿´Áö¸¸, °øÁßÀ» ³¯¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â
»ýÁ¸ °æ·Î¿¡ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº »ì¾Æ³²Áö ¸øÇÑ »õÀÇ Á¶»óÀÇ Ç÷ÅëÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù.
| Soon after
two species of dinosaurs migrated to the water in a futile attempt
at self-preservation, two other types were driven to the air by
the bitter competition of life on land. But these flying pterosaurs
were not the ancestors of the true birds of subsequent ages. They
evolved from the hollow-boned leaping dinosaurs, and their wings
were of batlike formation with a spread of twenty to twenty-five
feet. These ancient flying reptiles grew to be ten feet long, and
they had separable jaws much like those of modern snakes. For a
time these flying reptiles appeared to be a success, but they failed
to evolve along lines which would enable them to survive as air
navigators. They represent the nonsurviving strains of bird ancestry.
| |
60:2.13 ¹Ù´Ù°ÅºÏÀº
ÀÌ ½Ã±â µ¿¾È Áõ°¡Çß°í, ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ óÀ½ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. À̰͵éÀÇ Á¶»óÀº ºÏÂÊÀÇ À°Áö ´Ù¸®¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ °Ç³Ê¿Ô´Ù.
| Turtles increased
during this period, first appearing in North America. Their ancestors
came over from Asia by way of the northern land bridge. | |
60:2.14
1¾ï ³â Àü¿¡ ÆÄÃæ·ù ½Ã´ë´Â ¸·À» ³»¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °ø·æµéÀº, °Å´ëÇÑ µ¢Ä¡¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© °ÅÀÇ µÎ³ú°¡ ¾ø´Â µ¿¹°À̾ú°í, ±×·¯ÇÑ
°Å´ëÇÑ ¸ö¿¡ ¸ÔÀ̸¦ °ø±ÞÇÒ ÃæºÐÇÑ ½Ä·®À» ¸¶·ÃÇÒ Áö´ÉÀÌ ºÎÁ·Çß´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ´À¸° ÀÌ À°Áö ÆÄÃæ·ùÀÇ ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ´Â ¼ö°¡ Á¡Á¡
´Ã¾î³µ´Ù. ±×¶§ºÎÅÍ ÁøÈ´Â µ¢Ä¡ÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µÎ³úÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» µû¸¦ °ÍÀÌ°í, µÎ³úÀÇ ¹ß´ÞÀº µ¿¹°ÀÇ ÁøÈ¿Í Ç༺ Áøº¸ÀÇ
°¢°¢ÀÇ ´ÙÀ½ ½Ã´ë¸¦ Ư¡ÁöÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| One hundred
million years ago the reptilian age was drawing to a close. The
dinosaurs, for all their enormous mass, were all but brainless animals,
lacking the intelligence to provide sufficient food to nourish such
enormous bodies. And so did these sluggish land reptiles perish
in ever-increasing numbers. Henceforth, evolution will follow the
growth of brains, not physical bulk, and the development of brains
will characterize each succeeding epoch of animal evolution and
planetary progress. | |
60:2.15 ÆÄÃæ·ùÀÇ
ÀýÁ¤°ú ¼èÅðÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â °ÅÀÇ 2õ5¹é¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú°í, ÁÖ¶ó±â·Î
¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| This period,
embracing the height and the beginning decline of the reptiles,
extended nearly twenty-five million years and is known as the Jurassic.
|
3. ¹é¾Ç±â ´Ü°è : ²ÉÇÇ´Â ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ½Ã±â- »õÀÇ ½Ã´ë 60:3.1 °Å´ëÇÑ ¹é¾Ç±â´Â ºÐÇÊÀ» ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ´Ù»êÇÏ´Â À¯°øÃæÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù¸¦ ¿Õ¼ºÇÏ°Ô Áö¹èÇÑ °Í¿¡¼ À¯·¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ¿À·£ ÆÄÃæ·ù Áö¹èÀÇ Á¾¸»À» °¡Á®¿Ô°í, À°Áö¿¡¼ ²É ÇÇ´Â ½Ä¹°°ú »õÀÇ ÃâÇöÀ» º¸°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̶§´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ´ë·úµéÀÌ ¼ÂÊ°ú ³²ÂÊÀ¸·Î Ç¥·ùÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ØÃß´Â ½Ã±âÀÌ°í, µÚÀÌ¾î ¾öû³ Áö°¢ º¯µ¿°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¿ë¾ÏÀÇ È帧°ú °Å´ëÇÑ È»ê È°µ¿À» µ¿¹ÝÇÏ´Â ½Ã±âÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. | 3. The Cretaceous
Stage The great Cretaceous period derives its name from the predominance of the prolific chalk-making foraminifers in the seas. This period brings Urantia to near the end of the long reptilian dominance and witnesses the appearance of flowering plants and bird life on land. These are also the times of the termination of the westward and southward drift of the continents, accompanied by tremendous crustal deformations and concomitant widespread lava flows and great volcanic activities. | |
60:3.2 ¾Õ¼± ÁöÁúÇÐ
½Ã´ë°¡ ³¡³¯ ¹«·Æ¿¡´Â ´ë·úÀÇ ¸¹Àº ¶¥ÀÌ ¹° À§¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷Àº »êºÀ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ë·úÀÇ Ç¥·ù°¡ °è¼ÓµÇ¸é¼
´ë·úÀº ÅÂÆò¾ç ±íÀº ¹Ù´Ú¿¡¼ óÀ½À¸·Î Å« Àå¾Ö¹°°ú ºÎµúÃÆ´Ù. ÀÌ ÁöÁúÇÐÀû ÈûÀÇ ´ë¸³Àº ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«¿¡¼ ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ÄÉÀÌÇÁ
È¥¿¡ À̸£´Â ºÏÂÊ°ú ³²ÂÊÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ »ê¸ÆÀ» Çü¼ºÇϴµ¥ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
| Near the close
of the preceding geologic period much of the continental land was
up above water, although as yet there were no mountain peaks. But
as the continental land drift continued, it met with the first great
obstruction on the deep floor of the Pacific. This contention of
geologic forces gave impetus to the formation of the whole vast
north and south mountain range extending from Alaska down through
Mexico to Cape Horn. | |
60:3.3 µû¶ó¼
ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â ÁöÁúÇÐ ¿ª»ç¿¡¼ Çö´ë »êÀÇ Çü¼º ´Ü°è°¡ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â »êºÀ¿ì¸®°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø¾úÀ¸¸ç, ´ÜÁö ¾ÆÁÖ ³Ð°í
³ô¾ÆÁø ¶¥ÀÇ ´É¼±¿¡ ºÒ°úÇß´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ÅÂÆò¾ç ÇؾÈÁö¿ªÀº »ó½ÂÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇßÁö¸¸, ÇöÀç Çؾȼ±¿¡¼ 1,120km ¼ÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
½Ã¿¡¶ó »ê¸ÆÀÌ ¸ð½ÀÀ» °®Ã߱⠽ÃÀÛÇß°í, ±Ý(ÑÑ)À» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÑ ¼®¿µÃþÀº ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ¿ë¾Ï È帧ÀÇ »ê¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ
µ¿ºÎ¿¡¼ ´ë¼¾çÀÇ ¾Ð·ÂÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¶¥ÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸£µµ·Ï ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| This period
thus becomes the modern mountain-building stage of geologic history.
Prior to this time there were few mountain peaks, merely elevated
land ridges of great width. Now the Pacific coast range was beginning
to elevate, but it was located seven hundred miles west of the present
shore line. The Sierras were beginning to form, their gold-bearing
quartz strata being the product of lava flows of this epoch. In
the eastern part of North America, Atlantic sea pressure was also
working to cause land elevation. | |
60:3.4
1¾ï ³â Àü¿¡ ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ´ë·ú°ú À¯·´ÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀÌ ¹° À§¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µÎ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ´ë·úÀÇ µÚƲ¸²Àº °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú°í, ³²¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ
¾Èµ¥½º»ê¸ÆÀÌ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¹Ù²Ù°í, ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¼ÂÊ Æò¾ß¸¦ Â÷Ãû ³ô¿´´Ù. ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¹Ù´Ù ¹ØÀ¸·Î °¡¶ó¾É¾Ò°í, ³²´ë¼¾çÀº
³²¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ µ¿ºÎ ÇؾÈÀ» ħ½ÄÇÏ¿©, °á±¹ ÇöÀçÀÇ Çؾȼ±¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù. ´ç½Ã ´ë¼¾ç°ú Àεµ¾çÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ »óÅÂ¿Í ´ëü·Î
°°¾Ò´Ù.
| 100,000,000
years ago the North American continent and a part of Europe were
well above water. The warping of the American continents continued,
resulting in the metamorphosing of the South American Andes and
in the gradual elevation of the western plains of North America.
Most of Mexico sank beneath the sea, and the southern Atlantic encroached
on the eastern coast of South America, eventually reaching the present
shore line. The Atlantic and Indian Oceans were then about as they
are today. | |
60:3.5
9õ 5¹é¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í À¯·´ÀÇ ¶¥µ¢¾î¸®´Â ´Ù½Ã °¡¶ó¾É±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ³²ÂÊ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«·Î ħ·«À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í
Á¡Â÷ ºÏÂÊÀ¸·Î È®ÀåÇÏ¿© ºÏ±ØÇØ¿Í ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ´ë·úÀÇ µÎ ¹ø° Å« ħ¼öÀÌ´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ¹°·¯°¬À» ¶§, ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù´Â
Áö±Ýó·³ ´ë·úÀ» ±Ùó¿¡ µÎ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ Ä§¼ö°¡ ½ÃÀ۵DZâ Àü¿¡, µ¿ºÎÀÇ ¾ÖÆȶóÄ¡¾Æ °íÁö´Â °ÅÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ Àá±â¾ú´Ù.
ÇöÀç Åä±â Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº »ö±òÀÇ ¼ø¼öÇÑ Á¡ÅäÃþÀº ÀÌ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ´ë¼¾ç ¿¬¾È Áö¿ª¿¡ ½×¿´°í, ±× Æò±Õ µÎ²²´Â
¾à 600m¿´´Ù.
| 95,000,000
years ago the American and European land masses again began to sink.
The southern seas commenced the invasion of North America and gradually
extended northward to connect with the Arctic Ocean, constituting
the second greatest submergence of the continent. When this sea
finally withdrew, it left the continent about as it now is. Before
this great submergence began, the eastern Appalachian highlands
had been almost completely worn down to the water's level. The many
colored layers of pure clay now used for the manufacture of earthenware
were laid down over the Atlantic coast regions during this age,
their average thickness being about 2,000 feet. | |
60:3.6 ¾ËÇÁ½º»ê¸ÆÀÇ
³²ÂÊ°ú ÇöÀçÀÇ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÇØ¾È »ê¸ÆÀÇ ¼±À» µû¶ó °Å´ëÇÑ È»ê È°µ¿ÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ¼ö¹é¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È¿¡ °¡Àå Å« Áö°¢º¯ÇüÀÌ
¸ß½ÃÄÚ¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Ù. À¯·´, ·¯½Ã¾Æ, ÀϺ», ³²¹Ì ³²ºÎ¿¡¼µµ Å« º¯È°¡ ÀϾ´Ù. ±âÈÄ°¡ Á¡Á¡ ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Great volcanic
actions occurred south of the Alps and along the line of the present
California coast-range mountains. The greatest crustal deformations
in millions upon millions of years took place in Mexico. Great changes
also occurred in Europe, Russia, Japan, and southern South America.
The climate became increasingly diversified. | |
60:3.7
9õ¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ¼Ó¾¾½Ä¹°ÀÌ ÀÌ ÃʱâÀÇ ¹é¾Ç±â ¹Ù´Ù·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃâÇöÇß°í °ð ´ë·úÀ» µ¤¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ À°Áö ½Ä¹°µéÀº °©Àڱ⠹«È°ú³ª¹«,
¸ñ·Ã, Åø¸³ ³ª¹«µé°ú ÇÔ²² ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â ÈÄ¿¡ °ð, ¹«È°ú³ª¹«, »§³ª¹«, ¾ßÀÚ³ª¹«°¡ À¯·´¿¡, ±×¸®°í ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ
¼ºÎ Æò¿øÀ¸·Î ÆÛÁ³´Ù. »õ·Î¿î À°Áö µ¿¹°Àº ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| 90,000,000
years ago the angiosperms emerged from these early Cretaceous seas
and soon overran the continents. These land plants suddenly appeared
along with fig trees, magnolias, and tulip trees. Soon after this
time fig trees, breadfruit trees, and palms overspread Europe and
the western plains of North America. No new land animals appeared.
| |
60:3.8
8õ 5¹é¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ º£¸µ ÇØÇùÀÌ ¸·È÷¸é¼ ºÏÇØÀÇ Â÷°¡¿î ¹°À» Â÷´ÜÇß´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ´ë¼¾ç°ú °ÉÇÁ ÇØÀÇ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í°ú ÅÂÆò¾çÀÇ
ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀº µÎ ¼ö¿ªÀÇ ¿Âµµ Â÷ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ Å©°Ô ´Þ¶ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ ¼ö¿ªµéÀº ±ÕÀÏÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| 85,000,000
years ago Bering Strait closed, shutting off the cooling waters
of the northern seas. Theretofore the marine life of the Atlantic-Gulf
waters and that of the Pacific Ocean had differed greatly, owing
to the temperature variations of these two bodies of water, which
now became uniform. | |
60:3.9 ºÐÇÊ°ú
³ì»ö ¸ð·¡ ÀÌȸÅä(Òúüé÷Ï)°¡ ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ À̸§À» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ÅðÀû¹°Àº ¾ó·è´ú·èÇϸç, ºÐÇÊ, ÀÌÆǾÏ, »ç¾Ï, ±×¸®°í
¿µîÇÑ ¼®Åº, °ð °¥Åº°ú ÇÔ²² ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ¼®È¸¼®À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾ú°í, ¸¹Àº Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ±×°ÍµéÀº ¼®À¯°¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÁöÃþµéÀº
¾î¶² Áö¿ª¿¡¼´Â 60m¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ¼ºÎ¿Í ¸¹Àº À¯·´ Áö¹æ¿¡¼ 3,000m±îÁö µÎ²²°¡ ´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù. ·ÎÅ°»ê¸ÆÀÇ µ¿ÂÊ
°æ°è¸¦ µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ ÅðÀû¹°µéÀº ³ôÀº »ê±â½¾¿¡¼ °üÂûµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
| The deposits
of chalk and greensand marl give name to this period. The sedimentations
of these times are variegated, consisting of chalk, shale, sandstone,
and small amounts of limestone, together with inferior coal or lignite,
and in many regions they contain oil. These layers vary in thickness
from 200 feet in some places to 10,000 feet in western North America
and numerous European localities. Along the eastern borders of the
Rocky Mountains these deposits may be observed in the uptilted foothills.
| |
60:3.10 Àü¼¼°è¿¡¼
ÀÌ ÁöÃþ¿¡´Â ºÐÇÊÀÌ ½º¸çµé¾î ÀÖ°í, ±¸¸ÛÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¹Ý(Úâ) ¾Ï¼®À¸·Î µÈ ÀÌ ÁöÃþÀº À§·Î ¿Ã¶ó°£ ³ëÃ⠺κп¡¼ ¹°À» Èí¼öÇÏ¿©
¾Æ·¡ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¹°À» ¿Å°Ü, ÇöÀç Áö±¸»óÀÇ °ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ¸¹Àº Áö¿ª¿¡ ¹°À» °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
| All over the
world these strata are permeated with chalk, and these layers of
porous semirock pick up water at upturned outcrops and convey it
downward to furnish the water supply of much of the earth's present
arid regions. | |
60:3.11
8õ¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ Áö±¸ Áö°¢¿¡¼ Å« ¼Òµ¿ÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ´ë·ú À̵¿ÀÇ ¼ÂÊ ÁøÇàÀÌ Á¤ÁöµÇ¾ú°í, ´ë·ú µ¢¾î¸®ÀÇ ´À¸° ÃßÁø·ÂÀÇ
°Å´ëÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í ³²¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ÅÂÆò¾ç Çؾȼ±À» Æı«Çß°í, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ÅÂÆò¾ç ¿¬¾ÈÀ» µû¶ó ±íÀº º¯È¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù.
ÀÌ ÅÂÆò¾ç µÑ·¹¿¡¼ ÀÏ¾î³ ¶¥ÀÇ À¶±â´Â ±Ã±Ø¿¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ »ê¸ÆµéÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾ú°í, ±æÀÌ°¡ 40,000km°¡ ³Ñ¾ú´Ù. ±× Ãâ»ê¿¡
µû¸¥ À¶±â´Â À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ »ý¸íÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ µÚ¿¡, °¡Àå Å©°Ô Áö°¢ÀÌ Àϱ׷¯Áø °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿ë¾ÏÀÇ È帧Àº Áö»ó°ú ÁöÇÏ¿¡¼,
±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| 80,000,000
years ago great disturbances occurred in the earth's crust. The
western advance of the continental drift was coming to a standstill,
and the enormous energy of the sluggish momentum of the hinter continental
mass upcrumpled the Pacific shore line of both North and South America
and initiated profound repercussional changes along the Pacific
shores of Asia. This circumpacific land elevation, which culminated
in present-day mountain ranges, is more than twenty-five thousand
miles long. And the upheavals attendant upon its birth were the
greatest surface distortions to take place since life appeared on
Urantia. The lava flows, both above and below ground, were extensive
and widespread. | |
60:3.12
7õ 5¹é¸¸ ³â ÀüÀº ´ë·ú À̵¿ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·À» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ÄÉÀÌÇÁ È¥¿¡ À̸£´Â ±ä ÅÂÆò¾ç ÇØ¾È »ê¸ÆÀº ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾úÁö¸¸,
¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ºÀ¿ì¸®°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
| 75,000,000
years ago marks the end of the continental drift. From Alaska to
Cape Horn the long Pacific coast mountain ranges were completed,
but there were as yet few peaks. | |
60:3.13 ¸ØÃß¾ú´ø
´ë·ú À̵¿ÀÇ ÈÄÅð´Â ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¼ÂÊ Æò¿øÀÇ °íµµ¸¦ °è¼Ó »ó½Â½ÃÄ×°í, ÇÑÆí µ¿ÂÊ ´ë¼¾ç ¿¬¾È Áö¿ªÀÇ µÐÈµÈ ¾ÖÆȶóÄ¡¾Æ
»ê¸ÆÀº °ÅÀÇ ±â¿ïÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª, ÀüÇô ±â¿ï¾îÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ä °ð°Ô ÆîÃÄÁ³´Ù.
| The backthrust
of the halted continental drift continued the elevation of the western
plains of North America, while in the east the worn-down Appalachian
Mountains of the Atlantic coast region were projected straight up,
with little or no tilting. | |
60:3.14
7õ¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ·ÎÅ°»ê¸Æ Áö¿ªÀÌ ÃÖ´ë·Î ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸£¸é¼, Áö°¢ÀÇ º¯ÇüÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ºê¸®Æ¼½ÃÄ÷³ºñ¾ÆÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼ 24km³ª
µÇ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ¾Ï¼®ÀÌ ºÐÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù[1]. ¿©±â¼ įºê¸®¾Æ±â ¾Ï¼®Àº ¹é¾Ç±â ÁöÃþ À§·Î ºñ½ºµëÇÏ°Ô µ¹ÃâµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ij³ª´Ù
±¹°æ ±Ùó ·ÎÅ°»ê¸ÆÀÇ µ¿ÂÊ °æ»ç¸é¿¡¼, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Àå°üÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â Ãæ»ó ´ÜÃþ(õúß¾Ó¨öµ)ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù; ¿©±â¼ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
°ÍÀº ´ç½Ã ¹é¾Ç±â ÅðÀû¹° À§¿¡ ¶°¹Ð·ÁÁø ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¾Ï¼® ÁöÃþÀÌ´Ù.
*°¢ÁÖ[1] ¾Ï¼®ºÐÃâ : Áö°¢ÀÇ ¾ÐÃà Èû ¶§¹®¿¡ µÎ²¨¿î ¾Ï¼®ÃþÀÌ ¼·Î ¹Ð·Á °ãÄ¡´Â Çö»ó, Ãæ»ó(õúß¾) ´ÜÃþ. | 70,000,000
years ago the crustal distortions connected with the maximum elevation
of the Rocky Mountain region took place. A large segment of rock
was overthrust fifteen miles at the surface in British Columbia;
here the Cambrian rocks are obliquely thrust out over the Cretaceous
layers. On the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, near the Canadian
border, there was another spectacular overthrust; here may be found
the prelife stone layers shoved out over the then recent Cretaceous
deposits. | |
60:3.15 À̶§´Â
Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î È»ê È°µ¿ÀÌ È°¹ßÇß´ø ½Ã´ë·Î, ÀÛ°í °í¸³µÈ ¼ö¸¹Àº È»êÀÇ ¿ø»Ô ¸ð¾çÀÌ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. ¼öÁß È÷¸»¶ó¾ß Áö¿ª¿¡¼
ÇØÀú È»êÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù. ½Ãº£¸®¾Æ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐµµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹°¼Ó¿¡ Àá°Ü ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| This was an
age of volcanic activity all over the world, giving rise to numerous
small isolated volcanic cones. Submarine volcanoes broke out in
the submerged Himalayan region. Much of the rest of Asia, including
Siberia, was also still under water. | |
60:3.16
6õ 5¹é¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå Å« ¿ë¾ÏÀÌ Èê·¯³»¸° °÷ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ë¾Ï·ù ¹× ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¿ë¾Ï·ùµéÀÇ ÅðÀûÃþÀº ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«
Àü¿ª, ³²ºÏ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, È£ÁÖ, ±×¸®°í À¯·´ÀÇ ÀϺΠÁö¿ª¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| 65,000,000
years ago there occurred one of the greatest lava flows of all time.
The deposition layers of these and preceding lava flows are to be
found all over the Americas, North and South Africa, Australia,
and parts of Europe. | |
60:3.17 À°Áö
µ¿¹°µéÀº °ÅÀÇ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ´ë·úÀÇ ÃâÇöÀ¸·Î, ƯÈ÷ ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ºü¸£°Ô ¹ø½ÄÇß´Ù. ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ À°Áö
µ¿¹°ÀÌ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ¹úÆÇÀ̾ú°í, À¯·´ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¹°¼Ó¿¡ Àá°Ü ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| The land animals
were little changed, but because of greater continental emergence,
especially in North America, they rapidly multiplied. North America
was the great field of the land-animal evolution of these times,
most of Europe being under water. | |
60:3.18 ±âÈÄ´Â
¾ÆÁ÷µµ µûµíÇÏ°í ÀÏÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ºÏ±ØÁö¹æÀº ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ÁßºÎ¿Í ³²ºÎÀÇ ÇöÀç ±âÈÄ¿Í °°Àº ³¯¾¾¸¦ ´©¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| The climate
was still warm and uniform. The arctic regions were enjoying weather
much like that of the present climate in central and southern North
America. | |
60:3.19 ½Ä¹°
»ý¸í¿¡¼ °Å´ëÇÑ ÁøÈ°¡ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À°Áö ½Ä¹° Áß¿¡¼ ¼Ó¾¾½Ä¹°ÀÌ ÈÛ¾µ¾ú°í, ³Êµµ¹ã³ª¹«, ÀÚÀÛ³ª¹«, ¿ÀÅ©³ª¹«,
¹ã³ª¹«, ½ÃÄ«¸ð¾î, ´Üdz³ª¹«, ±×¸®°í Çö´ëÀÇ ¾ßÀÚ¼ö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¸¹Àº ³ª¹«°¡ óÀ½À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. °ú½Ç¤ýÇ®¤ý°î½ÄÀÌ
dzºÎÇß°í, ¾¾¾ÑÀ» °¡Áø Ç®°ú ³ª¹«µéÀÇ °ü°è´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¶»óÀÌ µ¿¹°°è¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ°ú °°´Ù¡ªÀ̰͵éÀº ÁøÈÀÇ Á߿伺À¸·Î
º¸¸é ¹Ù·Î »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÃâÇö ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. °©ÀÚ±â, ÀÌÀü¿¡ ´Ü°èÀû º¯È°¡ ¾øÀÌ, ²É ÇÇ´Â ½Ä¹°ÀÇ Å« °ú(Ρ)°¡ µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌ·Î
»ý°å´Ù. ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ½Ä¹°»óÀº °ð Àü ¼¼°è·Î ÆÛÁ®³ª°¬´Ù.
| Great plant-life
evolution was taking place. Among the land plants the angiosperms
predominated, and many present-day trees first appeared, including
beech, birch, oak, walnut, sycamore, maple, and modern palms. Fruits,
grasses, and cereals were abundant, and these seed-bearing grasses
and trees were to the plant world what the ancestors of man were
to the animal world¡ªthey were second in evolutionary importance
only to the appearance of man himself. Suddenly and without previous
gradation, the great family of flowering plants mutated. And this
new flora soon overspread the entire world. | |
60:3.20
6õ¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡, À°Áö ÆÄÃæ·ù°¡ ºñ·Ï ¼èÅðÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, °ø·æµéÀº ¶¥ÀÇ Áö¹èÀڷμ Áٰ𠱺¸²Çß°í, Á» ´õ ¹ÎøÇÏ°í
È°¹ßÇÑ ºÎ·ù, ÀÛ°í ¶Ù´Â Ä»°Å·ç Á¾·ùÀÇ À°½ÄÇÏ´Â °ø·æÀÌ ÀÌÁ¦ ¼±µÎ¸¦ »©¾Ñ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ðÁ¨°¡ ±× Àü¿¡, »õ·Î¿î ºÎ·ùÀÇ
ä½ÄÇÏ´Â °ø·æµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ°í, À̰͵éÀÌ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ Áõ°¡ÇÑ °ÍÀº Ç®°úÀÇ À°Áö ½Ä¹°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ µ¥ ±âÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î
ÃÊ½Ä °ø·æ Áß Çϳª´Â ÁøÂ¥ ³×¹ß µ¿¹°À̾ú°í, µÎ »Ô°ú ¸ÁÅä °°Àº ¾î±ú Å׵θ®°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Áö¸§ÀÌ 6m µÇ´Â À°Áö °ÅºÏÀÌ°¡
³ªÅ¸³µ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ Çö´ëÀÇ ¾Ç¾î¿Í Çö´ë ºÎ·ùÀÇ ÁøÂ¥ ¹ìÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¹°°í±â¿Í ±âŸ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í »çÀÌ¿¡¼µµ Å« º¯È°¡
ÀϾ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| 60,000,000
years ago, though the land reptiles were on the decline, the dinosaurs
continued as monarchs of the land, the lead now being taken by the
more agile and active types of the smaller leaping kangaroo varieties
of the carnivorous dinosaurs. But some time previously there had
appeared new types of the herbivorous dinosaurs, whose rapid increase
was due to the appearance of the grass family of land plants. One
of these new grass-eating dinosaurs was a true quadruped having
two horns and a capelike shoulder flange. The land type of turtle,
twenty feet across, appeared as did also the modern crocodile and
true snakes of the modern type. Great changes were also occurring
among the fishes and other forms of marine life. | |
60:3.21 ¾Õ¼±
½Ã´ë¿¡ ¹°°¡¸¦ °È°í Çì¾öÄ¡´Â ¼±Á¶·ù(à»ðè×¾)´Â °øÁß¿¡¼ ¼º°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇß°í, ³ª¸£´Â °ø·æµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö¿´´Ù. À̰͵éÀº ª°Ô
»ê Á¾ÀÌ¿ä, ±Ý¹æ ¸êÁ¾µÇ¾ú´Ù. À̰͵鵵 °ø·æÀÇ ¿î¸í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¸ê¸ÁÀ» °Þ¾ú´Âµ¥, ¸ö Å©±â¿¡ ºñÇØ ³úÀÇ ¿ë·®ÀÌ ³Ê¹«
Àû¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã´ë¿Í ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ë¿¡ Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°À» »ý»êÇÏ·Á´Â ½Ãµµ°¡ ¹«»êµÈ °Íó·³, °øÁßÀ» ³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿¹°À» »ý»êÇÏ·Á´Â
µÎ ¹ø° ½Ãµµµµ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù.
| The wading
and swimming prebirds of earlier ages had not been a success in
the air, nor had the flying dinosaurs. They were a short-lived species,
soon becoming extinct. They, too, were subject to the dinosaur doom,
destruction, because of having too little brain substance in comparison
with body size. This second attempt to produce animals that could
navigate the atmosphere failed, as did the abortive attempt to produce
mammals during this and a preceding age. | |
60:3.22
5õ 5¹é¸¸ ³â Àü ÁøÈÀÇ ÇàÁøÀº ¸ðµç Á¶·ù »ý¸íÀÇ Á¶»óÀÎ ºñµÑ±â °°Àº ÀÛÀº »ý¹°ÀÎ ÁøÂ¥ »õÀÇ ½ÃÁ¶°¡ °©Àڱ⠳ªÅ¸³²À¸·Î
Ư¡ Áö¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Áö±¸»ó¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ ¼¼ ¹ø° Á¾·ùÀÇ ³ª¸£´Â »ý¹°À̾ú°í, ÆÄÃæ·ù Áý´ÜÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Á÷Á¢ ¼Ú¾Æ³µÀ¸¸ç, ´ç´ëÀÇ
³ª¸£´Â °ø·æÀ̳ª, ÃʱâÀÇ ÀÌ»¡À» °¡Áø À°Áö Á¶·ù¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼ À̶§´Â ÆÄÃæ·ùÀÇ ¼èÅð±â»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »õÀÇ
½Ã´ë·Îµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| 55,000,000
years ago the evolutionary march was marked by the sudden appearance
of the first of the true birds, a small pigeonlike creature which
was the ancestor of all bird life. This was the third type of flying
creature to appear on earth, and it sprang directly from the reptilian
group, not from the contemporary flying dinosaurs nor from the earlier
types of toothed land birds. And so this becomes known as the age
of birds as well as the declining age of reptiles. |
60:4.1 °Å´ëÇÑ ¹é¾Ç±â´Â ¸·À» ³»¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±× Á¾¸»Àº ´ë·úÀ» ÇâÇÑ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ Ä§¼ö°¡ ³¡³ °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ 24¹øÀÇ ´ë ħ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼´Â ´õ¿í ±×·¸´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ »ç¼ÒÇÑ Ä§¼ö°¡ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ½Ã´ë¿Í ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ëÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°í ±æ¾ú´ø ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ¹ü¶÷°ú´Â ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¶¥°ú ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ¹ø°¥¾Æ Áö¹èÇÏ´ø ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â 1¹é¸¸ ³âÀÇ ÁÖ±â·Î ÀϾ´Ù. Çؼö¸é°ú ´ë·ú Áö´ëÀÇ »ó½Â°ú Ç϶ô¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ¸®µëÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¸®µë ÀÖ´Â Áö°¢ ¿îµ¿Àº À̶§ºÎÅÍ ÁÙ°ð, Áö±¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç Àüü¸¦ ÅëƲ¾î °è¼ÓµÇ°ÚÁö¸¸ ºóµµ¿Í Á¤µµ´Â ÁÙ¾îµé °ÍÀÌ´Ù. | 4. The End of the Chalk Period The great Cretaceous period was drawing to a close, and its termination marks the end of the great sea invasions of the continents. Particularly is this true of North America, where there had been just twenty-four great inundations. And though there were subsequent minor submergences, none of these can be compared with the extensive and lengthy marine invasions of this and previous ages. These alternate periods of land and sea dominance have occurred in million-year cycles. There has been an agelong rhythm associated with this rise and fall of ocean floor and continental land levels. And these same rhythmical crustal movements will continue from this time on throughout the earth's history but with diminishing frequency and extent. | |
60:4.2 ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â
¶ÇÇÑ ´ë·ú À̵¿ÀÇ ³¡°ú À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ Çö´ë »êµéÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ º¸¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ë·ú µ¢¾î¸®µéÀÇ ¾Ð·Â, ±×¸®°í ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù¿¡
°ÉÄ£ ¶°µ¹ÀÌÀÇ ÀúÁöµÈ ¿îµ¿·®Àº »êÀ» ¸¸µå´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. »ê¸ÆÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ±Ùº»Àû ¿äÀÎÀº
±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÀúÁö´ë, Áï °ñÂ¥±âÀε¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶¥ÀÇ Ä§½ÄÀ¸·Î »ý±ä ºñ±³Àû °¡º¿î ÅðÀû¹°°ú ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ëÀÇ Çؾç Ç¥·ù¹°·Î ä¿öÁö°Ô
µÇ¾ú´Ù. °¡º¿î ÀÌ ¶¥ Áö¿ªÀº µÎ²²°¡ ¶§¶§·Î 4,500m ~6,000m³ª µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ Áö°¢ÀÌ ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯·Îµç ¾Ð·ÂÀ»
¹ÞÀ» ¶§, ÀÌ °¡º¿î Áö¿ªµéÀº Áö°¢À̳ª ±× ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Â Èû°ú ¾Ð·Â¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸»óÀû Á¶Á¤À» À§ÇØ °¡Àå
¸ÕÀú ±¸°ÜÁö°í, Á¢È÷°í, À§·Î ¿Ã¶ó°£´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¶¥ÀÇ ¹Ð¾î ¿Ã¸®´Â ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ, ¶¥ÀÇ Á¢ÈûÀÌ ¾øÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
·ÎÅ°»ê¸ÆÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°£ °Í°ú ¿¬°üÇؼ, ÁöÇÏ¿¡¼, ¶Ç ÁöÇ¥¿¡¼, ¿©·¯ ÁöÃþÀÇ ¾öû³ À§·Î ¹Ð¸²°ú ´õºÒ¾î, Á¢Èû°ú ±â¿ï¾îÁüÀÌ
Å©°Ô ÀϾ´Ù.
| This period
also witnesses the end of the continental drift and the building
of the modern mountains of Urantia. But the pressure of the continental
masses and the thwarted momentum of their agelong drift are not
the exclusive influences in mountain building. The chief and underlying
factor in determining the location of a mountain range is the pre-existent
lowland, or trough, which has become filled up with the comparatively
lighter deposits of the land erosion and marine drifts of the preceding
ages. These lighter areas of land are sometimes 15,000 to 20,000
feet thick; therefore, when the crust is subjected to pressure from
any cause, these lighter areas are the first to crumple up, fold,
and rise upward to afford compensatory adjustment for the contending
and conflicting forces and pressures at work in the earth's crust
or underneath the crust. Sometimes these upthrusts of land occur
without folding. But in connection with the rise of the Rocky Mountains,
great folding and tilting occurred, coupled with enormous overthrusts
of the various layers, both underground and at the surface. | |
60:4.3 ¼¼°è¿¡¼
°¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ »êµéÀº ¿À·¡µÈ µ¿¼¾çÀÇ »êµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ, ±×¸°¶õµå ±×¸®°í ºÏÀ¯·´¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. Áß°£ Á¤µµ ¿À·¡µÈ »êµéÀº
ÅÂÆò¾ç µÑ·¹ÀÇ Áý´Ü°ú °ÅÀÇ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ½Ã±â¿¡ ÅÂ¾î³ µÎ ¹ø° À¯·´ µ¿-¼ ü°è¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ À¶±â´Â À¯·´¿¡¼
¼Àεµ Á¦µµ °íÁö¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö °ÅÀÇ 16,000Km³ª »¸¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °¡Àå ³ªÁßÀÇ »êµéÀº ·ÎÅ°»ê¸Æ ü°è¿¡ Àִµ¥, ¿À·§µ¿¾È
À°Áö °íµµ°¡ ¹Ù´Ù·Î °è¼Ó µ¤¿© ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, °Å±â¼ ÀϺΠ³ôÀº ¶¥Àº ¼¶À¸·Î ³²¾ÆÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Áß°£ Á¤µµ ¿À·¡µÈ »êµéÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ°í
³ª¼, Á¤¸»·Î »ê °íµµ°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁ³°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ÀÚ¿¬ ¿ä¼ÒµéÀÇ º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ ±â±³¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿¹¼úÀûÀ¸·Î ±ð¿©ÁüÀ¸·Î½á ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ
·ÎÅ°»ê¸ÆÀ¸·Î Á¶°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| The oldest
mountains of the world are located in Asia, Greenland, and northern
Europe among those of the older east-west systems. The mid-age mountains
are in the circumpacific group and in the second European east-west
system, which was born at about the same time. This gigantic uprising
is almost ten thousand miles long, extending from Europe over into
the West Indies land elevations. The youngest mountains are in the
Rocky Mountain system, where, for ages, land elevations had occurred
only to be successively covered by the sea, though some of the higher
lands remained as islands. Subsequent to the formation of the mid-age
mountains, a real mountain highland was elevated which was destined,
subsequently, to be carved into the present Rocky Mountains by the
combined artistry of nature's elements. | |
60:4.4 ÇöÀç ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ
·ÎÅ°»ê¸Æ Áö¿ªÀº ¿ø·¡ Áö´ëÀÇ °íµµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±× °íµµ´Â ħ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¿À·§µ¿¾È ÆòÆòÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù°¡ ´Ù½Ã »ó½ÂÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÇöÀç »ê¸ÆÀÇ ¾Õ ¿µ¿ªÀº ¿ø·¡ »ê¸ÆÀÇ ÀÜÇØ Áß ÈçÀûÀÌ ³²Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÆÄÀÌÅ©½º ºÀ¿ì¸®¿Í ·Õ½º ºÀ¿ì¸®´Â »ê(ߣ) È°µ¿¿¡¼
µÎ ¼¼´ë ÀÌ»ó È®ÀåµÈ »ê È°µ¿ÀÇ ¶Ù¾î³ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ ºÀ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Õ¼ ¸î Â÷·Ê ħ¼öµÇ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡µµ ¹° À§¿¡ ±× Á¤»óÀ»
µå·¯³»°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| The present
North American Rocky Mountain region is not the original elevation
of land; that elevation had been long since leveled by erosion and
then re-elevated. The present front range of mountains is what is
left of the remains of the original range which was re-elevated.
Pikes Peak and Longs Peak are outstanding examples of this mountain
activity, extending over two or more generations of mountain lives.
These two peaks held their heads above water during several of the
preceding inundations. | |
60:4.5 Áö¸®ÇлÓ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ý¹°ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â ¶¥°ú ¹°¼Ó¿¡¼ ´Ù»ç´Ù³ÇÏ°í È°µ¿ÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´ø ½Ã´ë¿´´Ù. ¼º°Ô°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ÇÑÆí »êÈ£¿Í °¹³ª¸®µéÀº
°¨¼ÒÇß´Ù. ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¾ÐµµÀû ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´ø ¾Ï¸ð³ªÀÌÆ®µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ °¨¼ÒÇß´Ù. À°Áö¿¡¼´Â ¾çÄ¡·ù ½£ÀÌ ¼Ò³ª¹«¿Í °Å´ëÇÑ
»ï³ª¹«¸¦[2] Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ Çö´ëÀÇ ³ª¹«·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ±â°£ÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¹«·Æ, ŹÝ(÷ÃÚï) Æ÷À¯·ù´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ÁøÈÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸,
»ý¹°ÇÐÀûÀÎ ´Ü°è´Â ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ Æ÷À¯·ù À¯ÇüÀÇ Ãʱâ Á¶»óÀÇ ÃâÇöÀ» À§ÇØ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÁغñµÇ¾ú´Ù.
*[2] »ï³ª¹« : redwood (ºÓÀº ¹Ì±¹ »ï³ª¹«). | Biologically
as well as geologically this was an eventful and active age on land
and under water. Sea urchins increased while corals and crinoids
decreased. The ammonites, of preponderant influence during a previous
age, also rapidly declined. On land the fern forests were largely
replaced by pine and other modern trees, including the gigantic
redwoods. By the end of this period, while the placental mammal
has not yet evolved, the biologic stage is fully set for the appearance,
in a subsequent age, of the early ancestors of the future mammalian
types. | |
60:4.6 Ãʱâ À°Áö
»ý¸íÀÇ ÃâÇö¿¡¼ Àηù¿Í ±×ÀÇ ÀÌÂ÷ÀûÀÎ Á÷°è Á¶»óµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ ÃÖ±Ù ½Ã´ë±îÁö, ¼¼»óÀÇ ÁøÈ¿¡¼ ±ä ½Ã´ë´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸·À»
³»¸°´Ù, ÀÌ ¹é¾Ç±â´Â 5õ¸¸ ³âÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, À°Áö »ý¸í¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Æ÷À¯µ¿¹° ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ëÀÇ Á¾¸»À» °¡Á®¿Â ÀÌ ±â°£Àº
1¾ï ³âÀÇ ±â°£¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇ¸ç, Áß»ý´ë
(ñéßæÓÛ)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| And thus ends
a long era of world evolution, extending from the early appearance
of land life down to the more recent times of the immediate ancestors
of the human species and its collateral branches. This, the Cretaceous
age, covers fifty million years and brings to a close the premammalian
era of land life, which extends over a period of one hundred million
years and is known as the Mesozoic. | |
60:4.7 [»çŸ´Ï¾Æ¿¡
¹èÄ¡µÇ¾ú°í, Áö±Ý À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ È°µ¿ÇÏ´Â ³×¹Ùµ·ÀÇ ÇÑ »ý¸í ¿î¹ÝÀÚ°¡ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù].
| [Presented
by a Life Carrier of Nebadon assigned to Satania and now functioning
on Urantia.] |