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ºÎÁ· ½Å¿¡ Á¾¼Ó½ÃÅ°°í, ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡´Â ÃÖÁ¾¤ýÃÖ»óÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °¡Áø ÇÑ ºÐÀÇ Çϳª´Ô ¿Ü¿¡ ¾Æ¹« ½Åµµ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
À¯´ëÀÎÀº ¸ðµç ½ÅÀ» À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ÁÖ Çϳª´ÔÀ̶ó´Â ¼þ°íÇÑ °³³äÀ¸·Î ÅëÇÕÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ÈùµÎÀÎÀº ¿©·¯ ¸ð½ÀÀÇ
½ÅµéÀ» ¸¯ º£´Ù¿¡¼ ¹¦»çµÈ ¡°½ÅµéÀÇ ÇÑ °¡Áö ¿µ¼º(çÏàõ)¡±À¸·Î ÅëÇÕÇÏ¿´°í, ÇÑÆí ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾ÆÀÎÀº ±× ½ÅµéÀ»
´õ ÁýÁßµÈ º§¸¶µÏ °³³äÀ¸·Î Ãà¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀϽű³ °ü³äÀº ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎ Áö¹æÀÇ »ì·½¿¡¼ ¸¶Å°º¥Å¸ ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÌ
³ªÅ¸³ µÚ ¿À·¡Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¼, ¿Â ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ³Î¸® ¼º¼÷ÇØÁ³´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÇ ½Å °³³äÀº, Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í Á¾¼Ó½ÃÅ°°í
¹èÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ÁøÈµÈ Ã¶ÇÐ °³³ä°ú ´Þ¶ú´Ù. ±× °³³äÀº ¼øÀüÈ÷ âÁ¶ÇÏ´Â Èû¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ¾ú°í, ¾ó¸¶ ¾È µÇ¾î ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾Æ¤ýÀ嵤ý¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼
°¡Àå ³ôÀº ½Å °³³äµé¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù.
96:0.2 (1052.2) ÄË Á·¼Ó°ú ¸î¸î ´Ù¸¥ °¡³ª¾È ºÎÁ·Àº »ì·½ÀÇ Á¾±³¸¦ ÀüÅëÀ¸·Î¼ Á¸ÁßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÌ
À°½ÅÈÇÑ ÇÑ °¡Áö ¸ñÀûÀº ÀÌ°ÍÀ̾ú´Ù: À¯ÀÏÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ¶¥¿¡ ¼ö¿©µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±æÀ» ¿¹ºñÇÏ·Á°í
¹Ù·Î ±× À¯ÀÏÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Á¾±³°¡ À°¼ºµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ¹Ï´Â ¹ÎÁ·ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ±×°¡ ±×µé »çÀÌ¿¡
³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ±â±îÁö ¹Ì°¡¿¤Àº µµÀúÈ÷ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
96:0.3 (1052.3) »ì·½ÀÇ Á¾±³´Â ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸Àο¡¼ ÄË Á·¼Ó »çÀÌ¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ½ÅÁ¶·Î¼ Áö¼ÓµÇ¾ú°í, ÀÌ
Á¾±³´Â È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÌ ³ªÁß¿¡ äÅÃÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, óÀ½¿¡ ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÎÀÇ µµ´öÀû °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í, ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾ÆÀÎÀÇ
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Paper 96
Yahweh¡ªGod of the Hebrews
96:0.1 In conceiving of Deity, man first includes all gods,
then subordinates all foreign gods to his tribal deity, and
finally excludes all but the one God of final and supreme value.
The Jews synthesized all gods into their more sublime concept
of the Lord God of Israel. The Hindus likewise combined their
multifarious deities into the "one spirituality of the
gods" portrayed in the Rig-Veda, while the Mesopotamians
reduced their gods to the more centralized concept of Bel-Marduk.
These ideas of monotheism matured all over the world not long
after the appearance of Machiventa Melchizedek at Salem in Palestine.
But the Melchizedek concept of Deity was unlike that of the
evolutionary philosophy of inclusion, subordination, and exclusion;
it was based exclusively on creative power and very soon influenced
the highest deity concepts of Mesopotamia, India, and Egypt.
96:0.2 The Salem religion was revered as a tradition by the
Kenites and several other Canaanite tribes. And this was one
of the purposes of Melchizedek's incarnation: That a religion
of one God should be so fostered as to prepare the way for the
earth bestowal of a Son of that one God. Michael could hardly
come to Urantia until there existed a people believing in the
Universal Father among whom he could appear.
96:0.3 The Salem religion persisted among the Kenites in Palestine
as their creed, and this religion as it was later adopted by
the Hebrews was influenced, first, by Egyptian moral teachings;
later, by Babylonian theologic thought; and lastly, by Iranian
conceptions of good and evil. Factually the Hebrew religion
is predicated upon the covenant between Abraham and Machiventa
Melchizedek, evolutionally it is the outgrowth of many unique
situational circumstances, but culturally it has borrowed freely
from the religion, morality, and philosophy of the entire Levant.
It is through the Hebrew religion that much of the morality
and religious thought of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Iran was transmitted
to the Occidental peoples.
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96:1.1 (1052.4) ¿¾³¯ÀÇ ¼À Á·¼ÓÀº
¸¸¹° ¾È¿¡ ¿µÀÌ ±êµé¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù. µ¿¹°°ú ½Ä¹° ¼¼°èÀÇ ¿µµéÀÌ ÀÖ°í, °¢ Çظ¶´Ù ¿µÀÌ ÀÖ°í ÀÚ¼ÕÀ» µ¹º¸´Â
ÁÖ(ñ«)°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ºÒ¤ý¹°¤ý°ø±âÀÇ ¿µµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ°í ¼¶°Ü¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¿µÀÌ °¡µæÇÑ, ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¸¸½ÅÀü(Ø¿ãêîü)ÀÌ
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿ìÁÖÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ÀÚ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº °áÄÚ ÀÌ ÇÏ±Þ ¿µÀ̳ª ÀÚ¿¬½ÅÀ» ¹Ï´Â ½Å¾ÓÀ» °áÄÚ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¾ø¾ÖÁö
¸øÇß´Ù.
96:1.2 (1052.5) ´Ù½Å±³·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÖ°í½Å±³(õÌÍÔãêÎç)¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ÀϽű³±îÁö È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÑ °ÍÀº ÁߴܵÇÁö
¾Ê°í ¿¬¼ÓÇÏ¿© ÀÏ¾î³ °³³äÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ½Å °³³äÀÌ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ±×µéÀº ¿©·¯ ¹ø Å𺸸¦ °æÇèÇß°í, ÇÑÆí
¾î´À ÇÑ ½Ã´ë¿¡³ª, ´Ù¸¥ Áý´ÜÀÇ ¼À Á·¼Ó ½ÅÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Ô °³³äÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î ¼ö¸¹Àº ¸íĪÀÌ
¿©·¯ Çϳª´Ô °³³ä¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, È¥¶õÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§Çؼ À¯´ë ½ÅÇÐÀÇ ÁøÈ¿¡ °ü°èµÇ´Â ´ë·Î ÀÌ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ½Å
¸íĪÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô Á¤ÀÇµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù:
96:1.3 (1053.1) 1. ¾ß¿þ´Â ³²ÂÊ ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎ ºÎÁ·µéÀÇ ½ÅÀ̾ú°í, À̵éÀº ÀÌ ½Å(ãê) °³³äÀ» È£·¾
»ê, °ð ½Ã³ªÀÌ È»ê°ú ¿¬°áÁö¾ú´Ù. ¾ß¿þ´Â ´Ù¸¸ ¼À ºÎÁ·°ú Á¾Á·µéÀÇ ´«À» ²ø°í ¼þ¹è¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ ¼ö¹é¤ý¼öõÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬
½Å °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª¿´´Ù.
96:1.4 (1053.2) 2. ¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æ. »ì·½¿¡¼ ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÌ ¸Ó¹«¸¥ µÚ¿¡ ¸î ¼¼±â µ¿¾È ±×ÀÇ ½Å ±³¸®´Â
¿©·¯ Çؼ®ÆÇ(÷ú)À¸·Î Áö¼ÓµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ´ëü·Î ¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æ, ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ÃÖ°í Çϳª´ÔÀ̶ó´Â ¸íĪÀ¸·Î ´ëü·Î ¾Ï½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù.
¼À Á·¼ÓÀÇ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷Àº, ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀÇ Á÷°è ÈļÕÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ, ´Ù¸¥ ¶§¿¡ ¾ß¿þ¿Í ¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æ, ÀÌ µÑÀ» ¼þ¹èÇß´Ù.
96:1.5 (1053.3) 3. ¿¤ »þ´ÙÀÌ. ¿¤ »þ´ÙÀÌ°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¼³¸íÇϱâ Èûµé´Ù. ÀÌ Çϳª´Ô °ü³äÀº
¾Æ¸Þ´Ï¸ðÇÇÀÇ ÁöÇý¼ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯·¡ÇÏ°í, ÀÌÅ©³ªÅæÀÇ ¾ÆÅæ ±³¸®¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í, ÀÌ À§¿¡ ¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æÀÇ °³³ä¿¡
´ã±ä ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀº È¥ÇÕ¹°À̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¤ »þ´ÙÀÌÀÇ °³³äÀº È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿¡ ½º¸çµé¸é¼
»ç¸·ÀÇ ¾ß¿þ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ öÀúÈ÷ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
96:1.6 (1053.4) ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ Á¾±³¿¡¼ Áö¹èÇß´ø °ü³ä ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÎÀÌ °¡Á³´ø ½ÅÀÇ ¼·¸® °³³ä,
°ð ¹°ÁúÀû ¹ø¿µÀÌ ¿¤ »þ´ÙÀ̸¦ ¼¶±â´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸»óÀ̶ó´Â °¡¸£Ä§À̾ú´Ù.
96:1.7 (1053.5) 4. ¿¤. ¿ÂÅë ¿ë¾î°¡ µÚ¼¯ÀÌ°í °³³äÀÌ È帴ÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥, ¸¹Àº °æ°ÇÇÑ ½ÅÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ
¸ðµç ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ½Å °³³äÀ» ¼þ¹èÇÏ·Á°í ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ¾Ö½è°í, ÀÌ º¹ÇÕµÈ ½ÅÀ» ¿¤À̶ó°í ¾ð±ÞÇϴ dz½ÀÀÌ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. ±×¸®°í
ÀÌ ¿ë¾î´Â º£µÎÀÎÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ ½Åµé Áß¿¡¼ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ½ÅÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇß´Ù.
96:1.8 (1053.6) 5. ¿¤·ÎÈû. Å°½Ã¿Í ¿ì¸£¿¡´Â ¼ö¸Þ¸£Àΰú °¥´ë¾ÆÀÎ ¹«¸®µéÀÌ ¿À·§µ¿¾È »ì°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥,
À̵éÀº ¾Æ´ã°ú ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ ½ÃÀýÀÇ ÀüÅë¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ, ¼¼ ºÐÀÌ Çϳª°¡ µÈ Çϳª´ÔÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. ÀÌ ±³¸®´Â ¿¡ÁýÆ®·Î
¿Å°ÜÁ³°í, °Å±â¼ ÀÌ »ïÀ§ÀÏü´Â ¿¤·ÎÈûÀ̶ó´Â À̸§À¸·Î, ¶Ç´Â ´Ü¼ö(Ó¤â¦)ÀÎ ¿¤·Î¾Æ·Î¼ ¼þ¹èµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ
öÇÐ Áý´Ü, ±×¸®°í È÷ºê¸® ÇÍÁÙÀ» °¡Áø, ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ¾Ë·º»êµå¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¼±»ýµéÀº ¿©·¯ ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌ·± ÅëÀϼºÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ°í,
¿¡ÁýÆ®¸¦ Å»ÃâÇÏ´ø ½ÃÀý¿¡ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ Á¶¾ðÀÚµé Áß¿¡¼ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÌ »ïÀ§ÀÏü¸¦ ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ïÀÚ°¡ ÀÏü°¡ µÈ
¿¤·ÎÈû °³³äÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾ÆÀÎÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû ¿µÇ⠹ؿ¡ µé¾î°¥ ¶§±îÁö, °áÄÚ È÷ºê¸® ½ÅÇÐÀÇ Âü ºÎºÐÀÌ µÇÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
96:1.9 (1053.7) 6. Àâ´ÙÇÑ À̸§. ¼À Á·¼ÓÀº ÀÚ±â³× ½ÅÀÇ À̸§À» ÀÔ¿¡ ¿Ã¸®±â ²¨·ÁÇß°í, µû¶ó¼
±×µéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ, ¶§¶§·Î ¼ö¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¸íĪ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çß´Ù: Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µ,ÁÖ(ñ«),ÁÖÀÇ Ãµ»ç, Àü´ÉÀÚ, °Å·èÇÑ
Çϳª, ÃÖ°íÀÚ, ¾Æµµ³ªÀÌ, ¿¾ÀûºÎÅÍ ´Ã °è½Å ÀÌ, À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ÁÖ Çϳª´Ô, Çϴðú ¶¥ÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ÀÚ, Å°¸®¿À½º, ¾ß,
¸¸±ºÀÇ ÁÖ, ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö.
96:1.10 (1053.8) ¿©È£¿Í´Â È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ ¿À·£ üÇè¿¡¼ ¸¶Ä§³» ÁøÈÇÑ, ¿Ï¼ºµÈ ¾ß¿þ °³³äÀ» °¡¸®Å°·Á°í
±Ù·¡¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ ¸íĪÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©È£¿ÍÀÇ À̸§Àº ¿¹¼öÀÇ ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ 1õ 5¹é ³âÀÌ µÉ ¶§±îÁö ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
96:1.11 (1054.1) ±â¿øÀü ¾à 2000³â±îÁö ½Ã³ªÀÌ »êÀº À̵û±Ý È»êÀ¸·Î È°µ¿Çß°í, ÀÌ Áö¿ª¿¡¼
À̽º¶ó¿¤ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸Ó¹«¸£´ø ½ÃÀý±îÁö, ¶§¶§·Î ºÐÃâÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ÀÌ È»êÀÇ ºÐÃâ°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© õµÕ Ä¡µí Æø¹ßÀÌ
ÀÖ¾úÀ» ¶§ ºÒ°ú ¿¬±â´Â ¸ðµÎ, µÑ·¯½Ñ Áö¿ªÀÇ º£µÎÀÎ Á·¼Ó¿¡°Ô °¨µ¿À» ÁÖ°í °ÌÀ» ¸Ô°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú°í, ±×µéÀÌ ¾ß¿þ¸¦
Å©°Ô ¹«¼¿öÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ È£·¾ »êÀÇ ¿µÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎ ¼À Á·¼ÓÀÇ ½ÅÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, ±×µéÀº °á±¹ ±× ½ÅÀÌ
¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ½Å À§¿¡ ÃÖ°í¶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù.
96:1.12 (1054.2) °¡³ª¾È Á·¼ÓÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¾ß¿þ¸¦ ¼¶°å°í, ºñ·Ï ÄË Á·¼Ó¿¡¼ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ì·½ Á¾±³ÀÇ
ÃÊ¿ù½Å ¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æÀ» ¾ó¸¶Å ¹Ï¾ú¾îµµ, °¡³ª¾È Á·¼ÓÀÇ ´ë´Ù¼ö´Â Àû´çÈ÷ ¿¾ ºÎÁ· ½ÅµéÀÇ ¼þ¹è¸¦ °í¼öÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀº
Ç༺ »çÀÌÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀºÄ¿³ç, ±¹Á¦Àû Çϳª´Ô ÆíÀ» µé¾î¼ ÀÚ±â³× ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ½ÅÀ» µµÀúÈ÷ ±â²¨ÀÌ ¹ö¸®·Á ÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ½Å¿¡ »ý°¢ÀÌ ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ ºÎÁ·µéÀº ¾ß¿þ¿Í ±Ý¤ýÀº ¼Û¾ÆÁö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, ±×µéÀÇ ºÎÁ·
½ÅÀ» °è¼Ó ¼þ¹èÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¼Û¾ÆÁö´Â º£µÎÀÎ ¸ñÀÚµéÀÇ ½Ã³ªÀÌ È»ê ¿µ(çÏ) °³³äÀ» »ó¡Çß´Ù.
96:1.13 (1054.3) ½Ã¸®¾ÆÀÎÀº ÀÚ±â³× ½ÅÀ» ¼¶±â¸é¼ ¶ÇÇÑ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ ¾ß¿þ¸¦ ¹Ï¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×µéÀÇ ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÌ
½Ã¸®¾ÆÀÇ Àӱݿ¡°Ô ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Ç߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù: ¡°ÀúÈñÀÇ ½ÅµéÀº »êÀÇ ½ÅµéÀ̶ó. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀúÈñ°¡ ¿ì¸®º¸´Ù °Çϵµ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀúÈñ¿Í ¸Â¼ µé¿¡¼ ½Î¿ìÀÚ. ±×¸®ÇÏ¸é ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀúÈñº¸´Ù °Çϸ®¶ó.¡±
96:1.14 (1054.4) »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹®È°¡ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ÀüÁøÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ÀÛÀº ½ÅµéÀº ÃÖ°íÀÇ ½Å¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÈ´Ù. À§´ëÇÑ
Á¶ºê´Â[1] °Ü¿ì °¨Åº ¼Ò¸®·Î¼ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϽű³¸¦ ¹Ï´Â ÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÇÏ±Þ ½ÅÀ» ¿µ¤ý¾Ç¸¶¤ý¿î¸í, ³×·¹À̵å¤ý¿äÁ¤¤ýºê¶ó¿ì´Ï,[2]
³ÀïÀ̤ý¹Ý½¬[3], ¾ÇÇÑ ´«À¸·Î¼ º¸Á¸ÇÑ´Ù. È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀº ÃÖ°í½Å±³¸¦ °ÅÃÆ°í, ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¾ß¿þ ¿Ü¿¡µµ ´Ù¸¥ ½ÅµéÀÌ
ÀÖÀ½À» ¹Ï¾úÁö¸¸, ±×µéÀº Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÀÌ ¿Ü±¹ ½ÅµéÀÌ ¾ß¿þ ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¾Æ¸ð¸®ÀÎÀÇ ½Å Äɸ𽺰¡
»ç½Ç·Î ÀÖÀ½À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇßÁö¸¸, ±×°¡ ¾ß¿þ ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.
96:1.15 (1054.5) ¾ß¿þ °ü³äÀº Çϳª´Ô¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÊ»çÀÚÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÌ·Ð °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±× Á¡ÁøÀû ÁøÈ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ºÎó °³³äÀÇ º¯È¿Í ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ß¿þ °³³äÀÌ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡
¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö °³³äÀ¸·Î ÀεµÇÑ °Í °°ÀÌ, ³¡¿¡´Â ¿ìÁÖ Àý´ëÀÚ °³³äÀ¸·Î À̲ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû »ç½ÇÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î¼,
À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô È£·¾ »êÀÇ ºÎÁ· ½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÚ¾Ö·Ó°í ÀÚºñ·Î¿î âÁ¶ÀÚÀÎ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ½ÅÀ» º¸´Â
°üÁ¡À» ¹Ù²Ù¾úÁö¸¸, ±×ÀÇ À̸§À» ¹Ù²ÙÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© ³»³», ÀÌ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ½Å °³³äÀ» ¾ß¿þ¶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù.
¡ãTop
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1. Deity Concepts Among
the Semites
96:1.1 The early Semites
regarded everything as being indwelt by a spirit. There were
spirits of the animal and vegetable worlds; annual spirits,
the lord of progeny; spirits of fire, water, and air; a veritable
pantheon of spirits to be feared and worshiped. And the teaching
of Melchizedek regarding a Universal Creator never fully destroyed
the belief in these subordinate spirits or nature gods.
96:1.2 The progress of the Hebrews from polytheism through henotheism
to monotheism was not an unbroken and continuous conceptual
development. They experienced many retrogressions in the evolution
of their Deity concepts, while during any one epoch there existed
varying ideas of God among different groups of Semite believers.
From time to time numerous terms were applied to their concepts
of God, and in order to prevent confusion these various Deity
titles will be defined as they pertain to the evolution of Jewish
theology:
96:1.3 Yahweh was the god of the southern Palestinian tribes,
who associated this concept of deity with Mount Horeb, the Sinai
volcano. Yahweh was merely one of the hundreds and thousands
of nature gods which held the attention and claimed the worship
of the Semitic tribes and peoples.
96:1.4 El Elyon. For centuries after Melchizedek's sojourn at
Salem his doctrine of Deity persisted in various versions but
was generally connoted by the term El Elyon, the Most High God
of heaven. Many Semites, including the immediate descendants
of Abraham, at various times worshiped both Yahweh and El Elyon.
96:1.5 El Shaddai. It is difficult to explain what El Shaddai
stood for. This idea of God was a composite derived from the
teachings of Amenemope's Book of Wisdom modified by Ikhnaton's
doctrine of Aton and further influenced by Melchizedek's teachings
embodied in the concept of El Elyon. But as the concept of El
Shaddai permeated the Hebrew mind, it became thoroughly colored
with the Yahweh beliefs of the desert.
96:1.6 One of the dominant ideas of the religion of this era
was the Egyptian concept of divine Providence, the teaching
that material prosperity was a reward for serving El Shaddai.
96:1.7 El. Amid all this confusion of terminology and haziness
of concept, many devout believers sincerely endeavored to worship
all of these evolving ideas of divinity, and there grew up the
practice of referring to this composite Deity as El. And this
term included still other of the Bedouin nature gods.
96:1.8 Elohim. In Kish and Ur there long persisted Sumerian-Chaldean
groups who taught a three-in-one God concept founded on the
traditions of the days of Adam and Melchizedek. This doctrine
was carried to Egypt, where this Trinity was worshiped under
the name of Elohim, or in the singular as Eloah. The philosophic
circles of Egypt and later Alexandrian teachers of Hebraic extraction
taught this unity of pluralistic Gods, and many of Moses' advisers
at the time of the exodus believed in this Trinity. But the
concept of the trinitarian Elohim never became a real part of
Hebrew theology until after they had come under the political
influence of the Babylonians.
96:1.9 Sundry names. The Semites disliked to speak the name
of their Deity, and they therefore resorted to numerous appellations
from time to time, such as: The Spirit of God, The Lord, The
Angel of the Lord, The Almighty, The Holy One, The Most High,
Adonai, The Ancient of Days, The Lord God of Israel, The Creator
of Heaven and Earth, Kyrios, Jah, The Lord of Hosts, and The
Father in Heaven.
96:1.10 Jehovah is a term which in recent times has been employed
to designate the completed concept of Yahweh which finally evolved
in the long Hebrew experience. But the name Jehovah did not
come into use until fifteen hundred years after the times of
Jesus.
96:1.11 Up to about 2000 B.C., Mount Sinai was intermittently
active as a volcano, occasional eruptions occurring as late
as the time of the sojourn of the Israelites in this region.
The fire and smoke, together with the thunderous detonations
associated with the eruptions of this volcanic mountain, all
impressed and awed the Bedouins of the surrounding regions and
caused them greatly to fear Yahweh. This spirit of Mount Horeb
later became the god of the Hebrew Semites, and they eventually
believed him to be supreme over all other gods.
96:1.12 The Canaanites had long revered Yahweh, and although
many of the Kenites believed more or less in El Elyon, the supergod
of the Salem religion, a majority of the Canaanites held loosely
to the worship of the old tribal deities. They were hardly willing
to abandon their national deities in favor of an international,
not to say an interplanetary, God. They were not universal-deity
minded, and therefore these tribes continued to worship their
tribal deities, including Yahweh and the silver and golden calves
which symbolized the Bedouin herders' concept of the spirit
of the Sinai volcano.
96:1.13 The Syrians, while worshiping their gods, also believed
in Yahweh of the Hebrews, for their prophets said to the Syrian
king: "Their gods are gods of the hills; therefore they
were stronger than we; but let us fight against them on the
plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they."
96:1.14 As man advances in culture, the lesser gods are subordinated
to a supreme deity; the great Jove persists only as an exclamation.
The monotheists keep their subordinate gods as spirits, demons,
fates, Nereids, fairies, brownies, dwarfs, banshees, and the
evil eye. The Hebrews passed through henotheism and long believed
in the existence of gods other than Yahweh, but they increasingly
held that these foreign deities were subordinate to Yahweh.
They conceded the actuality of Chemosh, god of the Amorites,
but maintained that he was subordinate to Yahweh.
96:1.15 The idea of Yahweh has undergone the most extensive
development of all the mortal theories of God. Its progressive
evolution can only be compared with the metamorphosis of the
Buddha concept in Asia, which in the end led to the concept
of the Universal Absolute even as the Yahweh concept finally
led to the idea of the Universal Father. But as a matter of
historic fact, it should be understood that, while the Jews
thus changed their views of Deity from the tribal god of Mount
Horeb to the loving and merciful Creator Father of later times,
they did not change his name; they continued all the way along
to call this evolving concept of Deity, Yahweh.
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2.
¼À Á¾Á·
96:2.1 (1054.6) µ¿¹æÀÇ ¼À Á·¼ÓÀº
Àß Á¶Á÷µÇ°í ÈƷùÞÀº, ¸» Ÿ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ̾ú°í, ºñ¿ÁÇÑ ÃÊ»ý´ÞÀÇ[4] µ¿ºÎ Áö¿ª¿¡ Ãĵé¾î°¡¼, °Å±â¼ ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾ÆÀΰú
ÇÔ²² ¹¶ÃÆ´Ù. ¿ì¸£ °¡±îÀ̼ °¥´ë¾ÆÀÎÀº µ¿ÂÊ ¼À Á·¼Ó °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå Áøº¸ÇÑ Æí¿¡ ¼ÓÇß´Ù. Æä´ÏÅ°¾ÆÀÎÀº ÁöÁßÇØÀÇ
¹Ù´å°¡¸¦ µû¶ó¼ ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀÇ ¼ºÎ ±¸¿ªÀ» Â÷ÁöÇß´ø È¥ÇÕµÈ ¼À Á· Áý´Ü, ¿ì¼öÇÏ°í Á¶Á÷ÀÌ Àß µÈ Áý´ÜÀ̾ú´Ù.
Á¾Á· ¸é¿¡¼ ¼À Á·¼ÓÀº À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ ¹ÎÁ·µé °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¼¯ÀÎ Ãà¿¡ ¼ÓÇß°í, ¾ÆÈ© ¼¼°è ¹ÎÁ· °¡¿îµ¥ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ
¾òÀº À¯Àü ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿´´Ù.
96:2.2 (1054.7) ¾Æ¶óºñ¾ÆÀÇ ¼À Á·¼ÓÀº °ÅµìÇؼ ºÏÂÊ¿¡ ¾à¼ÓÀÇ ¶¥, ¡°Á¥°ú ²ÜÀÌ È帣´Â¡± ¶¥À¸·Î
½Î¿ì¸é¼ µé¾î°¬Áö¸¸, ´õ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ Àß µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í ³ôÀÌ ¹®¸íÈµÈ ºÏÂÊÀÇ ¼À Á·¼Ó°ú Èý Á·¼Ó¿¡°Ô ¹ø¹øÀÌ ¹Ð·Á³µ´Ù.
³ªÁß¿¡, µå¹°°Ô ½ÉÇÑ ±â±ÙÀÌ ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡, ¹æ¶ûÇÏ´Â ÀÌ º£µÎÀÎ Á·¼ÓÀº ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ °ø°ø »ç¾÷¿¡ °è¾à ³ëµ¿Àڷμ
Å« ¶¼¸¦ Áö¾î ¿¡ÁýÆ®·Î µé¾î°¬°í, ³ªÀÏ ° À¯¿ª¿¡¼ Æò¹üÇÑ Áþ¹âÈù ÀϲÛÀ¸·Î¼ ³¯¸¶´Ù Èûµç ³ëµ¿¿¡ Á¾ÀÌ µÇ´Â,
¾²¶ó¸° üÇèÀ» °Þ´Â ½Å¼¼°¡ µÇ¾úÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
96:2.3 (1055.1) ¸¶Å°º¥Å¸ ¸á±â¼¼µ¦°ú ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀÇ ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ¿¡¾ß °Ü¿ì, ¾î¶² ¼À ºÎÁ·À» ±×µéÀÇ Æ¯ÀÌÇÑ
Á¾±³ °ü³ä ¶§¹®¿¡, À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ÀÚ³à¶ó, ³ªÁß¿¡´Â È÷ºê¸®ÀÎ, À¯´ëÀÎ, ¡°¼±ÅÃµÈ ¹ÎÁ·¡±À̶ó ºÎ¸£°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀº
¸ðµç È÷ºê¸®Àο¡°Ô ½ÃÁ¶°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼ Æ÷·Î·Î ÀâÇô ÀÖ´ø ¸ðµç º£µÎÀÎ ¼À Á·¼ÓÀÇ ¼±Á¶µµ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.
±×ÀÇ ÀÚ¼ÕÀÌ ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼ ³ª¿Í¼ ³ªÁß¿¡ À¯´ë ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀ» ÀÌ·é °ÍÀº Âü¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ¾¾Á·µé ¼ÓÀ¸·Î
ÇÕº´µÈ ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ ³²³à´Â ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼ °áÄÚ ¸Ó¹«¸¥ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼ ¿Â ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀÇ Èļհú ±×µéÀÇ ¼À
Á·¼Ó µ¿·áµéÀÌ ¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ ºÏºÎ¸¦ °ÅÃļ ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡, ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ÁöÈÖ¸¦ µû¸£±â·Î °áÁ¤ÇÑ µ¿·á À¯¸ñ¹Î¿¡ Áö³ªÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
96:2.4 (1055.2) ¸ÓÁö ¾Ê¾Æ È÷ºê¸® ±¹°¡¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÒ ¼À ¹ÎÁ·ÀÌ ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼ ³ë¿¹·Î »ì´ø ½ÃÀýÀÌ µÇÀÚ
¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æ, ÃÖ°íÀÚ, ±×¸®°í ¹ÏÀ½À» ÅëÇؼ ½ÅÀÇ ÀºÃÑÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù°í ¾à¼ÓÇß´ø ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ´ëü·Î ÀØÇôÁ³´Ù.
±×·¯³ª Æ÷·Î·Î »ì´ø ÀÌ ±â°£À» ÅëÇؼ ÀÌ ¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ À¯¸ñ¹ÎÀº ±×µéÀÇ Á¾Á· ½ÅÀ¸·Î¼ ¾ß¿þ¸¦ ¹Ï´Â, ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ÀüÅëÀû
½Å¾ÓÀ» À¯ÁöÇß´Ù.
96:2.5 (1055.3) ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ 1¹éÀÌ ³Ñ´Â ¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ ºÎÁ·µéÀÌ ¾ß¿þ¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇÏ¿´°í, È÷ºê¸®¿Í ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ
È¥ÇÕµÈ ÇÍÁÙÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ Áö½Ä °è±Þ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ Áö¼ÓÇÏ´ø, ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÇ ¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æ °³³ä¿¡ ¹°µç °ÍÀ» Á¦Ãijõ°í,
Æ÷·Î°¡ µÈ ÇÏÃþ °è±ÞÀÇ È÷ºê¸® ³ë¿¹µéÀÌ °¡Á³´ø Á¾±³´Â ¸¶¼úÀ» ¾²°í Èñ»ý¹°À» ¹ÙÄ¡´ø ¿¾ ¾ß¿þ ÀǽÄ(ëðãÒ)ÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ÆÇÀ̾ú´Ù.
¡ãTop
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2. The Semitic Peoples
96:2.1 The Semites of the
East were well-organized and well-led horsemen who invaded the
eastern regions of the fertile crescent and there united with
the Babylonians. The Chaldeans near Ur were among the most advanced
of the eastern Semites. The Phoenicians were a superior and
well-organized group of mixed Semites who held the western section
of Palestine, along the Mediterranean coast. Racially the Semites
were among the most blended of Urantia peoples, containing hereditary
factors from almost all of the nine world races.
96:2.2 Again and again the Arabian Semites fought their way
into the northern Promised Land, the land that "flowed
with milk and honey," but just as often were they ejected
by the better-organized and more highly civilized northern Semites
and Hittites. Later, during an unusually severe famine, these
roving Bedouins entered Egypt in large numbers as contract laborers
on the Egyptian public works, only to find themselves undergoing
the bitter experience of enslavement at the hard daily toil
of the common and downtrodden laborers of the Nile valley.
96:2.3 It was only after the days of Machiventa Melchizedek
and Abraham that certain tribes of Semites, because of their
peculiar religious beliefs, were called the children of Israel
and later on Hebrews, Jews, and the "chosen people."
Abraham was not the racial father of all the Hebrews; he was
not even the progenitor of all the Bedouin Semites who were
held captive in Egypt. True, his offspring, coming up out of
Egypt, did form the nucleus of the later Jewish people, but
the vast majority of the men and women who became incorporated
into the clans of Israel had never sojourned in Egypt. They
were merely fellow nomads who chose to follow the leadership
of Moses as the children of Abraham and their Semite associates
from Egypt journeyed through northern Arabia.
96:2.4 The Melchizedek teaching concerning El Elyon, the Most
High, and the covenant of divine favor through faith, had been
largely forgotten by the time of the Egyptian enslavement of
the Semite peoples who were shortly to form the Hebrew nation.
But throughout this period of captivity these Arabian nomads
maintained a lingering traditional belief in Yahweh as their
racial deity.
96:2.5 Yahweh was worshiped by more than one hundred separate
Arabian tribes, and except for the tinge of the El Elyon concept
of Melchizedek which persisted among the more educated classes
of Egypt, including the mixed Hebrew and Egyptian stocks, the
religion of the rank and file of the Hebrew captive slaves was
a modified version of the old Yahweh ritual of magic and sacrifice.
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3.
ºñÇÒ µ¥ ¾ø´Â ¸ð¼¼
96:3.1 (1055.4) ÃÖ»ó âÁ¶ÀÚ¿¡
°üÇÑ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ °³³ä°ú ÀÌ»ó(ìµßÌ)ÀÇ ÁøÈ°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ °ÍÀº ±× À§´ëÇÑ ÁöµµÀÚ¿ä ¼±»ýÀÌÀÚ Á¶Á÷ÀÚÀÎ ¸ð¼¼ ¹Ø¿¡¼,
¼À Á·¼ÓÀÌ ¿¡ÁýÆ®¸¦ ¶°³ ±×¶§·Î °Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°£´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ ¿ÕÁ·¿¡ ¼ÓÇß°í, ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â Á¤ºÎ¿Í º£µÎÀÎ
Æ÷·Îµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¼À Á·¼ÓÀÇ ¿¬¶ô Àå±³¿´´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ¸ð¼¼´Â ¿ì¼öÇÑ Á¾Á· ±Ù¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³»·Á¿Â ¼ºÇ°À» °¡Á³´Ù. ±×ÀÇ
Á¶»óÀº ³Ê¹« ¸¹ÀÌ ¼¯¿©¼ ±×¸¦ ¾î´À ÇÑ Á¾Á· Áý´ÜÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇϱâ Èûµé´Ù. ±×°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼¯ÀÎ ºÎ·ù°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù¸é,
±Ã±Ø¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ÁöÈÖ ÇÏ¿¡ ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼ ¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ »ç¸·±îÁö ´Þ¾Æ³ º£µÎÀÎ ¼À Á·¼Ó°ú »ó°üÇÏ°Ô µÈ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹«¸®¸¦ ´Ù·ê
¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µç ±× µå¹® Àç´É°ú ÀûÀÀ ´É·ÂÀ» °áÄÚ º¸¿©ÁÖÁö ¸øÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
96:3.2 (1055.5) ³ªÀÏ ¿Õ±¹ÀÇ ¹®È°¡ À¯È¤À̾ú´Âµ¥µµ, ¸ð¼¼´Â ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·°ú ¿î¸íÀ» °°ÀÌ Çϱ⸦
¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. À̶§ ÀÌ À§´ëÇÑ Á¶Á÷ÀÚ´Â ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·À» ±Ã±Ø¿¡ Çعæ½ÃÅ°·Á´Â °èȹÀ» ²Ù¹Ì°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ º£µÎÀÎ
Æ÷·ÎµéÀº µµÀúÈ÷ ±× À̸§¿¡ ¸¶¶¥ÇÑ Á¾±³°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº Çϳª´Ô¿¡ °üÇÑ ÂüµÈ °³³äÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø¾ú°í, ¼¼»ó¿¡¼
Èñ¸ÁÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
96:3.3 (1055.6) ¾î¶² ÁöµµÀÚµµ ÀÏÂïÀÌ À̺¸´Ù ´õ ¹ö¸²¹Þ°í Ç®ÀÌ ²ªÀÌ°í ±â°¡ Á×°í ¹«ÁöÇÑ Àΰ£ Áý´ÜÀ»
°³ÇõÇÏ°í °Ý·ÁÇÏ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ °áÄÚ ¼ÕÀ» ´í ÀûÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ³ë¿¹µéÀº À¯Àü Ç÷Åë¿¡ ÀáÀÚ´Â ¹ßÀü °¡´É¼ºÀ» Áö³æ°í,
¹Ý¶õÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ÅõÀïÇÏ´Â ³¯¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© À¯´ÉÇÑ Á¶Á÷ÀÚ ´Üü¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÒ ¸¸Å ¸ð¼¼°¡ ÁöµµÇÑ, ±³À°¹ÞÀº
ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ì¼öÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±× ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ÅäÂø¹Î °¨µ¶Àڷμ °í¿ëµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸ð¼¼°¡ ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ
ÅëÄ¡Àڵ鿡°Ô ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀº ¾ó¸¶Å ±³À°À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
96:3.4 (1056.1) ¸ð¼¼´Â µ¿Æ÷ ¼À Á·¼Ó¿¡°Ô ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÁÖ±â À§Çؼ ¿Ü±³·Î Çù»óÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö½è´Ù. ±×¿Í µ¿»ýÀº
¿¡ÁýÆ® Àӱݰú ÇùÁ¤À» ¸Î¾ú°í, ±×¿¡ µû¸£¸é ±×µéÀº ¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ »ç¸·À» ÇâÇؼ ³ªÀÏ ° À¯¿ªÀ» ÆòÈ·Ó°Ô ¶°³ªµµ·Ï
Çã¶ôÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¼ö°íÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥½Ã·Î ±×µéÀº ¸¹Áö ¾ÊÀº µ·°ú ¹°°ÇÀ» ¹Þ±â·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù.
È÷ºê¸®ÀÎ Æí¿¡¼´Â ÆĶó¿À¿Í Ä£¼± °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡ ¸Â¼ ¾î¶² ¿¬¹æ¿¡µµ °¡ÀÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â·Î ÇùÁ¤À» ¸Î¾ú´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±× ÀÓ±ÝÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ÀÌ Á¶¾àÀ» ±ú´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù°í º¸¾Ò°í, ±×ÀÇ °£Ã¸µéÀÌ º£µÎÀÎ ³ë¿¹µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ºÒÃæÇÔÀ»
¹ß°ßÇß´Ù´Â Çΰ踦 ÀÌÀ¯·Î ³»¹Ð¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡ ¸Â¼¼ À¯¸ñ¹ÎÀ» Á¶Á÷ÇÏ·Á°í »ç¸·À¸·Î °¥ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚÀ¯¸¦
ã´Â´Ù°í ±×´Â ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.
96:3.5 (1056.2) ±×·¯³ª ¸ð¼¼´Â ³«½ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ¶§¸¦ ±â´Ù·È´Ù. 1³âÀÌ Ã¤ ¾È µÇ¾î ³²ÂÊ¿¡¼
¸®ºñ¾ÆÀÎÀÌ °·ÂÇÏ°Ô ¹Ð°í µé¾î¿À°í, ºÏÂÊ¿¡¼ ±×¸®½º ÇرºÀÌ Ä§ÀÔÇÏ¿© µ¿½Ã¿¡ °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´À¶ó°í ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ
±º´ë°¡ ³ÌÀÌ ºüÁ® ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ÀÌ °Ì ¾ø´Â Á¶Á÷ÀÚ´Â º¼¸¸ÇÑ ¾ß°£ µµÁÖ(Ô±ñË)¿¡ µ¿Æ÷¸¦ À̲ø¾î ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼ Å»ÃâÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÇâÇÑ ÀÌ µ¹ÁøÀº öÀúÈ÷ °èȹµÇ°í ´É¼÷ÇÏ°Ô ÁýÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÆĶó¿À¿Í ÀÛÀº ¹«¸®ÀÇ ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀεéÀÌ ¿½ÉÈ÷
ÂÑ¾Æ ¿Ô´Âµ¥µµ ¼º°øÇß´Ù. À̵éÀº Çdz¹ÎÀÇ ¹æ¾î¿¡ ºÎµúÃÄ ¸ðµÎ ¾²·¯Á³°í ¸¹Àº Àü¸®Ç°À» ³²°Ü ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ°¡
»ç¸·¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¶»óÀÇ ÁýÀ» ÇâÇؼ ÇàÁøÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È, µµ¸ÁÃÄ ÀüÁøÇÏ´Â ³ë¿¹ Áý´ÜÀÇ ¾àÅ»·Î ºÒ¾î³µ´Ù.
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3. The Matchless Moses
96:3.1 The beginning of
the evolution of the Hebraic concepts and ideals of a Supreme
Creator dates from the departure of the Semites from Egypt under
that great leader, teacher, and organizer, Moses. His mother
was of the royal family of Egypt; his father was a Semitic liaison
officer between the government and the Bedouin captives. Moses
thus possessed qualities derived from superior racial sources;
his ancestry was so highly blended that it is impossible to
classify him in any one racial group. Had he not been of this
mixed type, he would never have displayed that unusual versatility
and adaptability which enabled him to manage the diversified
horde which eventually became associated with those Bedouin
Semites who fled from Egypt to the Arabian desert under his
leadership.
96:3.2 Despite the enticements of the culture of the Nile kingdom,
Moses elected to cast his lot with the people of his father.
At the time this great organizer was formulating his plans for
the eventual freeing of his father's people, the Bedouin captives
hardly had a religion worthy of the name; they were virtually
without a true concept of God and without hope in the world.
96:3.3 No leader ever undertook to reform and uplift a more
forlorn, downcast, dejected, and ignorant group of human beings.
But these slaves carried latent possibilities of development
in their hereditary strains, and there were a sufficient number
of educated leaders who had been coached by Moses in preparation
for the day of revolt and the strike for liberty to constitute
a corps of efficient organizers. These superior men had been
employed as native overseers of their people; they had received
some education because of Moses' influence with the Egyptian
rulers.
96:3.4 Moses endeavored to negotiate diplomatically for the
freedom of his fellow Semites. He and his brother entered into
a compact with the king of Egypt whereby they were granted permission
peaceably to leave the valley of the Nile for the Arabian Desert.
They were to receive a modest payment of money and goods in
token of their long service in Egypt. The Hebrews for their
part entered into an agreement to maintain friendly relations
with the Pharaohs and not to join in any alliance against Egypt.
But the king later saw fit to repudiate this treaty, giving
as his reason the excuse that his spies had discovered disloyalty
among the Bedouin slaves. He claimed they sought freedom for
the purpose of going into the desert to organize the nomads
against Egypt.
96:3.5 But Moses was not discouraged; he bided his time, and
in less than a year, when the Egyptian military forces were
fully occupied in resisting the simultaneous onslaughts of a
strong Libyan thrust from the south and a Greek naval invasion
from the north, this intrepid organizer led his compatriots
out of Egypt in a spectacular night flight. This dash for liberty
was carefully planned and skillfully executed. And they were
successful, notwithstanding that they were hotly pursued by
Pharaoh and a small body of Egyptians, who all fell before the
fugitives' defense, yielding much booty, all of which was augmented
by the loot of the advancing host of escaping slaves as they
marched on toward their ancestral desert home.
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4.
¾ß¿þ¸¦ ¼±Æ÷ÇÏ´Ù
96:4.1 (1056.3) Áøȵǰí Çâ»óµÈ
¸ð¼¼ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¿Â ¼¼°èÀÇ °ÅÀÇ Àý¹Ý¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ°í, 20¼¼±â¿¡µµ ¾ÆÁ÷ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù. ¸ð¼¼´Â ´õ Áøº¸µÈ
¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ Á¾±³ öÇÐÀ» ÀÌÇØÇß°í, ÇÑÆí º£µÎÀÎ ³ë¿¹µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© °ÅÀÇ ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ø¾úÁö¸¸, ±×
¼±Á¶µéÀÌ ¾ß¿þ¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥ È£·¾ »êÀÇ ½ÅÀ» °áÄÚ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀØÀº ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.
96:4.2 (1056.4) ¸ð¼¼´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ¾î¸Ó´Ï·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸¶Å°º¥Å¸ ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µéÀº ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±×µéÀÇ
°øÅëµÈ Á¾±³°üÀº ¿ÕÁ·ÀÇ ÇǸ¦ °¡Áø ¿©ÀÚ¿Í Æ÷·Î°¡ µÈ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ³²ÀÚ »çÀÌ¿¡ º¸±â µå¹® °áÇÕÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °ÍÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ÀåÀÎÀº ¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æÀ» ¼¶±â´Â ÄË »ç¶÷À̾úÁö¸¸, ÇعæÀÚÀÇ ºÎ¸ð´Â ¿¤ »þ´ÙÀ̸¦ ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ¸ð¼¼´Â ¿¤
»þ´ÙÀÌ ½ÅÀÚ·Î ±³À°À» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷À̾ú´Ù. ÀåÀÎ(íÛìÑ)ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ÅëÇؼ ±×´Â ¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æ ½ÅÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÌ
¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼ Å»ÃâÇÑ µÚ¿¡ ½Ã³ªÀÌ »ê ±Ùó¿¡¼ ¾ß¿µÇÒ ¶§°¡ µÇÀÚ, (¸ðµç ±×ÀÇ ¿¾ °ü³äÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ) ±×´Â »õ·Ó°í È®´ëµÈ
½Å °³³äÀ» Çü¼ºÇß°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÁöÇý·Ó°Ô ±×ÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·¿¡°Ô, È®´ëµÈ ¿¾ ºÎÁ· ½Å ¾ß¿þ °³³äÀ¸·Î ¼±Æ÷Çϱâ·Î ÀÛÁ¤Çß´Ù.
96:4.3 (1056.5) ¸ð¼¼´Â ÀÌ º£µÎÀÎ Á·¼Ó¿¡°Ô ¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æÀÇ °³³äÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡·Á°í ¾Ö½èÁö¸¸, ¿¡ÁýÆ®¸¦ ¶°³ª±â
Àü¿¡ ±×µéÀÌ °áÄÚ ÀÌ ±³¸®¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í È®½ÅÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±× ºÎÁ·ÀÌ ¼¶±â´Â »ç¸·(ÞÞØ®)ÀÇ
½ÅÀ» ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ½ÅÀ¸·Î¼ ÀýÃæÇؼ äÅÃÇϱâ·Î ±×´Â »ý°¢ ³¡¿¡ °áÁ¤Çß´Ù. ¸ð¼¼´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·°ú ³ª¶ó°¡ ´Ù¸¥
½ÅÀ» °¡Áö¸é ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ²¿Áý¾î °¡¸£Ä¡Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¾ß¿þ°¡ ¸¸¹° À§¿¡ À¸¶äÀ̶ó, ƯÈ÷ È÷ºê¸®Àο¡°Ô ±×·¸´Ù°í È®°íÈ÷
ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¾ À̸§ ¾ß¿þÀÇ Å» ¹Ø¿¡¼, »õ·Ó°í ´õ ³ôÀº ½Å °³³äÀ» ÀÌ ¹«ÁöÇÑ ³ë¿¹µé¿¡°Ô Á¦½ÃÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¾²´Â
°ÅºÏÇÑ ¹®Á¦·Î ±×´Â ´Ã °ñÄ¡¸¦ ¾Î¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¾ðÁ¦³ª º£µÎÀÎ ºÎÁ·µéÀÇ ±Ý ¼Û¾ÆÁö°¡ ÀÌ ¾ß¿þ¸¦ »ó¡Çß´Ù.
96:4.4 (1056.6) ¾ß¿þ°¡ ´Þ¾Æ³ª´Â È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ ½ÅÀ̾ú´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº ¾î°¼ ±×µéÀÌ °Å·èÇÑ ½Ã³ªÀÌ »ê ¾Õ¿¡¼
±×¸® ¿À·¡ ¸Ó¹°·¶´Â°¡, ¾î°¼ °Å±â¼ ±×µéÀÌ ½Ê°è(ä¨Ìü)¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Â°¡ ¼³¸íÇϸç, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¸ð¼¼´Â È£·¾ »êÀÇ ½Å
¾ß¿þÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ¼±Æ÷ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½Ã³ªÀÌ »ê ¾Õ¿¡¼ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¿À·¡ ¸Ó¹«¸£´Â µ¿¾È, »õ·ÎÀÌ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â È÷ºê¸®ÀÎ ¿¹¹èÀÇ
Á¾±³ ÀǽÄ(ëðãÒ)ÀÌ ´õ¿í ´Ùµë¾îÁ³´Ù.
96:4.5 (1057.1) ±×µéÀÌ »ê¹Ø¿¡¼ °æ°ÇÇÑ ¸¶À½À¸·Î ¸Ó¹«¸£´ø ¼Â° ÁÖ¿¡ È£·¾ »êÀÌ »ç³³°Ô ºÐÃâÇÏÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é, ¸ð¼¼´Â ¾ó¸¶Å Áøº¸µÈ ¿¹¹è ¿¹½ÄÀ» È®¸³ÇÏ°í, 4ºÐÀÇ 1¼¼±â µ¿¾È ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀ» ±×´ë·Î À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â µ¥
°áÄÚ ¼º°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇßÀ» µíÇÏ´Ù. ¡°¾ß¿þÀÇ »êÀº ºÒ ¼Ó¿¡ È۽ο´°í, È·ÎÀÇ ¿¬±âó·³ ¿¬±â°¡ ¶°¿À¸£°í »ê Àüü°¡
Å©°Ô ¶³¾ú´õ¶ó.¡±[5] ÀÌ ÃµÀçÁöº¯À» º¸°Ç´ë, ±×µéÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀº ¡°¸·°ÇÏ°í ¹«¼¿ì¸ç, »ïÅ°´Â ºÒÀÌ¿ä, µÎ·Æ°í
Àü´ÉÇϴ϶ó¡±ÇÏ´Â °¡¸£Ä§À» ¸ð¼¼°¡ µ¿Æ÷¿¡°Ô ¸í½ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀº ³î¶øÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
96:4.6 (1057.2) ¾ß¿þ´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ÁÖ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ¿ä Çϳª´ÔÀÌ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀ» ¼±¹ÎÀ¸·Î °ñ¶ú´Ù°í ¸ð¼¼´Â ¼±Æ÷Çß´Ù.
±×´Â »õ ¹ÎÁ·À» ¼¼¿ì°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ÁöÇý·Ó°Ôµµ Á¾±³Àû °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¾ß¿þ°¡ ¾öÇÑ °¨µ¶ÀÚ¿ä
¡°ÁúÅõÇÏ´Â Çϳª´Ô¡±À̶ó°í ÃßÁ¾Àڵ鿡°Ô ÀÏ·¯ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·±µ¥µµ, ¾ß¿þ°¡ ¡°¸ðµç À°Ã¼¿¡°Ô ¿µÀÇ Çϳª´Ô¡±À̶ó°í ±×µéÀ»
°¡¸£ÃÆÀ» ¶§, ±×¸®°í ¡°¿µ¿øÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀº ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¾È½Äó¿ä, ±× ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ÆÈÀÌ ÀÖµµ´Ù¡±ÇÏ°í ¸»ÇßÀ» ¶§, ¸ð¼¼´Â
±×µéÀÇ ½Å °³³äÀ» Å°¿ì·Á°í ¾Ö½è´Ù. ¾ß¿þ°¡ ¾à¼ÓÀ» ÁöÅ°´Â Çϳª´ÔÀ̶ó, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¡°³ÊÈñ¸¦ ¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê°í, ³ÊÈñ¸¦
¸ê¸Á½ÃÅ°°Å³ª ³ÊÈñ ¼±Á¶¿Í ÇÑ ¾à¼ÓÀ» ÀØÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇϸ®´Ï, ÀÌ´Â ÁÖ°¡ ³ÊÈñ¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ°í, ³ÊÈñ ¾Æ¹öÁöµé¿¡°Ô ÇÑ ¸Í¼¼¸¦
ÀØÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ̶ó¡±ÇÏ°í ¸ð¼¼´Â °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù.
96:4.7 (1057.3) ¾ß¿þ°¡ ¡°Áø½ÇÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ¿ä ºÒÀÇ°¡ ¾ø°í ¸ðµç ±æ¿¡ Á¤´çÇÏ°í ¿Ç´Ù¡±°í Á¦½ÃÇßÀ» ¶§,
¸ð¼¼´Â ±×¸¦ ÃÖ°í ½ÅÀÇ À§¾ö±îÁö ¿Ã·Á³õÀ¸·Á°í ¿µ¿õ´Ù¿î ³ë·ÂÀ» ±â¿ï¿´´Ù. ±×·¡µµ, ÀÌ µå³ôÀº °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥µµ,
ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÌÇØ·ÂÀÌ Á¦ÇÑµÈ °ÍÀº Çϳª´ÔÀ» »ç¶÷ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ÇÑ Á¸Àç·Î¼, ¼º³»°í Áø³ëÇÏ°í °¡È¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î ³¯¶Ù¸ç, ¾Æ´Ï
º¹¼ö½É¿¡ ºÒŸ ÀÖ°í »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¿¡ ½±°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
96:4.8 (1057.4) ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ ¹Ø¿¡¼, ÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬½Å ¾ß¿þ´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ÁÖ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í,
±×´Â Ȳ¾ß¸¦ °ÅÃļ Ãß¹æµÈ °÷±îÁöµµ ±×µéÀ» µû¶ó°¬À¸¸ç, °Å±â¼ °ð ÁÖ Çϳª´ÔÀº ¸ðµç ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ ¹Ùºô·Ð¿¡¼ Á¾À¸·Î¼ Æ÷·Î »ýÈ°À» ÇÑ °ÍÀº, ¸¸±¹ÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ µÇ´Â ÀϽű³ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¸Ã±â À§ÇÏ¿©,
ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ¾ß¿þ °³³äÀ» µåµð¾î ÇعæÇÏ¿´´Ù.
96:4.9 (1057.5) È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ Á¾±³ ¿ª»ç¿¡¼ °¡Àå µ¶Æ¯ÇÏ°í ³î¶ó¿î ¸ð½ÀÀº È£·¾ »êÀÇ ¿ø½Ã ½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ,
µÚÀÌÀº ¿µÀû ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» °ÅÃļ, µÎ ÀÌ»ç¾ßÀÇ ½Å ±³¸®¿¡ ¹¦»çµÈ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇϱâ±îÁö, ½Å °³³äÀÌ
ÀÌ·¸°Ô °è¼Ó ÁøÈÇÑ °Í°ú °ü°èµÇ¸ç, µÎ ÀÌ»ç¾ß´Â »ç¶ûÀÌ ³ÑÄ¡°í ÀÚºñ·Î¿î âÁ¶ÀÚ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °³³äÀ»
¼±Æ÷Çß´Ù.
°¢ÁÖ[1] 96:4.5 ±¸¾à¼º°æ
Ãâ¾Ö±Á±â 19Àå 18Àý.
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4. The Proclamation of
Yahweh
96:4.1 The evolution and
elevation of the Mosaic teaching has influenced almost one half
of all the world, and still does even in the twentieth century.
While Moses comprehended the more advanced Egyptian religious
philosophy, the Bedouin slaves knew little about such teachings,
but they had never entirely forgotten the god of Mount Horeb,
whom their ancestors had called Yahweh.
96:4.2 Moses had heard of the teachings of Machiventa Melchizedek
from both his father and his mother, their commonness of religious
belief being the explanation for the unusual union between a
woman of royal blood and a man from a captive race. Moses' father-in-law
was a Kenite worshiper of El Elyon, but the emancipator's parents
were believers in El Shaddai. Moses thus was educated an El
Shaddaist; through the influence of his father-in-law he became
an El Elyonist; and by the time of the Hebrew encampment about
Mount Sinai after the flight from Egypt, he had formulated a
new and enlarged concept of Deity (derived from all his former
beliefs), which he wisely decided to proclaim to his people
as an expanded concept of their olden tribal god, Yahweh.
96:4.3 Moses had endeavored to teach these Bedouins the idea
of El Elyon, but before leaving Egypt, he had become convinced
they would never fully comprehend this doctrine. Therefore he
deliberately determined upon the compromise adoption of their
tribal god of the desert as the one and only god of his followers.
Moses did not specifically teach that other peoples and nations
might not have other gods, but he did resolutely maintain that
Yahweh was over and above all, especially to the Hebrews. But
always was he plagued by the awkward predicament of trying to
present his new and higher idea of Deity to these ignorant slaves
under the guise of the ancient term Yahweh, which had always
been symbolized by the golden calf of the Bedouin tribes.
96:4.4 The fact that Yahweh was the god of the fleeing Hebrews
explains why they tarried so long before the holy mountain of
Sinai, and why they there received the ten commandments which
Moses promulgated in the name of Yahweh, the god of Horeb. During
this lengthy sojourn before Sinai the religious ceremonials
of the newly evolving Hebrew worship were further perfected.
96:4.5 It does not appear that Moses would ever have succeeded
in the establishment of his somewhat advanced ceremonial worship
and in keeping his followers intact for a quarter of a century
had it not been for the violent eruption of Horeb during the
third week of their worshipful sojourn at its base. "The
mountain of Yahweh was consumed in fire, and the smoke ascended
like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly."
In view of this cataclysm it is not surprising that Moses could
impress upon his brethren the teaching that their God was "mighty,
terrible, a devouring fire, fearful, and all-powerful."
96:4.6 Moses proclaimed that Yahweh was the Lord God of Israel,
who had singled out the Hebrews as his chosen people; he was
building a new nation, and he wisely nationalized his religious
teachings, telling his followers that Yahweh was a hard taskmaster,
a "jealous God." But none the less he sought to enlarge
their concept of divinity when he taught them that Yahweh was
the "God of the spirits of all flesh," and when he
said, "The eternal God is your refuge, and underneath are
the everlasting arms." Moses taught that Yahweh was a covenant-keeping
God; that he "will not forsake you, neither destroy you,
nor forget the covenant of your fathers because the Lord loves
you and will not forget the oath by which he swore to your fathers."
96:4.7 Moses made a heroic effort to uplift Yahweh to the dignity
of a supreme Deity when he presented him as the "God of
truth and without iniquity, just and right in all his ways."
And yet, despite this exalted teaching, the limited understanding
of his followers made it necessary to speak of God as being
in man's image, as being subject to fits of anger, wrath, and
severity, even that he was vengeful and easily influenced by
man's conduct.
96:4.8 Under the teachings of Moses this tribal nature god,
Yahweh, became the Lord God of Israel, who followed them through
the wilderness and even into exile, where he presently was conceived
of as the God of all peoples. The later captivity that enslaved
the Jews in Babylon finally liberated the evolving concept of
Yahweh to assume the monotheistic role of the God of all nations.
96:4.9 The most unique and amazing feature of the religious
history of the Hebrews concerns this continuous evolution of
the concept of Deity from the primitive god of Mount Horeb up
through the teachings of their successive spiritual leaders
to the high level of development depicted in the Deity doctrines
of the Isaiahs, who proclaimed that magnificent concept of the
loving and merciful Creator Father.
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5.
¸ð¼¼ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§
96:5.1 (1057.6) ¸ð¼¼´Â ±º´ë ÁöµµÀÚ,
»çȸ Á¶Á÷ÀÚ, Á¾±³ ½º½ÂÀÌ Æ¯º°È÷ ÅëÇÕµÈ »ç¶÷À̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¸¶Å°º¥Å¸¿Í ¿¹¼ö »çÀÌÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡, °³ÀÎÀ¸·Î¼ °¡Àå
Áß¿äÇÑ ¼¼°èÀû ½º½ÂÀ̾ú´Ù. ¸ð¼¼´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤¿¡¼ ¸¹Àº °³Çõ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ µµÀÔÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö½è´Âµ¥, ÀÌ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¹« ±â·ÏÀÌ
¾ø´Ù. ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÏ»ý µ¿¾È¿¡, ±×´Â ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ÇÑ ³ª¶ó°¡ ź»ýÇÏ°í ÇÑ Á¾Á·ÀÌ ¿µ¼ÓÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±âÃʸ¦ ³õÀº ÇÑÆí,
À̸¥¹Ù È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£°í ¿©·¯ ³ª¶ó ¸»À» ¾²´Â Áý´ÜÀ» ³ë¿¹ ½Å¼¼¿Í °³ÈµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ¹æ¶ûÇÏ´ø óÁö·ÎºÎÅÍ À̲ø¾î³Â´Ù.
96:5.2 (1057.7) Å»ÃâÇÏ´ø ´ç½Ã¿¡ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ¹« ±ÛÀÚ°¡ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ Å« ¾÷Àû¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©
±â·ÏÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ½ÃÀý°ú ±×ÀÇ ÇàÀû¿¡ °üÇÑ ±â·ÏÀº, ±× À§´ëÇÑ ÁöµµÀÚ°¡ Á×Àº Áö õ³âµµ ´õ Áö³ª¼
Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ø ÀüÅëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³»·Á¿Ô´Ù.
96:5.3 (1058.1) ¸ð¼¼°¡ ¿¡ÁýÆ®Àΰú µÑ·¯½Ñ ·¹¹ÝÆ® ºÎÁ·ÀÇ Á¾±³µéº¸´Ù ¾Õ¼¼ ¸¹ÀÌ ÁøÇàÇÑ °ÍÀº ¸á±â¼¼µ¦
½ÃÀýÀÇ ÄË Á·¼ÓÀÇ ÀüÅë ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ¸¶Å°º¥Å¸°¡ ¾Æºê¶óÇÔ, ±×¸®°í °°Àº ½Ã´ë¿¡ »ì´ø »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °¡¸£Ä§À» ÁÖÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é, È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀº Èñ¸Á ¾ø´Â ¾îµÒ ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿¡¼ ³ª¿ÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ð¼¼¿Í ±×ÀÇ ÀåÀÎ ¿¹µå·Î´Â ¸á±â¼¼µ¦
½ÃÀý¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÀüÅëÀÇ ÀÜÀ縦 °ÅµÎ¾î µé¿´°í, ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÎÀÇ Çй®°ú ÇÕÃļ, À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÎÀÇ °³·®µÈ Á¾±³¿Í
ÀǽÄÀ» ¸¸µéµµ·Ï ¸ð¼¼¸¦ ÀεµÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸ð¼¼´Â Á¶Á÷ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¿¡ÁýÆ®¿Í ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀÇ Á¾±³¿Í µµ´ö °ü½À¿¡¼
ÃÖ¼±À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ Ç³½ÀÀ» ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼ ³»·Á¿Â ÀüÅë°ú ¿¬°áÁþ°í¼, È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ ¿¹¹è ÀÇ½Ä Ã¼°è¸¦
¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
96:5.4 (1058.2) ¸ð¼¼´Â ¼·¸®¸¦ ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷À̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ÈûÀÌ ³ªÀÏ °°ú ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ»
ÅëÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ È컶 Á¥°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Çϳª´Ô¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© Å« ȯ»óÀ» °¡Á³Áö¸¸, ¼Ó¼ÓµéÀÌ ÁøÁöÇÑ ¸¶À½À¸·Î
ÀÌ·¸°Ô °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÌ Çϳª´Ô²² º¹Á¾Çϸé, ¡°±×´Â ³ÊÈñ¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ°í º¹À» ÁÖ°í ¼ö¸¦ ´Ã¸®¸®¶ó. ±×´Â ³ÊÈñ
ÀÚ±ÃÀÇ ¿¸Å¿Í ³ÊÈñ ¶¥ÀÇ ¼Ò»ê(á¶ß§)¡ª¿Á¼ö¼ö¿Í Æ÷µµÁÖ, ±â¸§°ú ³ÊÈñ ¾ç ¶¼¡ª¸¦ ´ÃÀ̸®¶ó. ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ¸ðµç ¹ÎÁ·º¸´Ù
¹ø¼ºÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í, ÁÖ ³ÊÈñ Çϳª´ÔÀº ³ÊÈñÇÑÅ×¼ ¸ðµç º´À» ¶°³ª°Ô ÇÏ°í, ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ ³ª»Û º´ Áß¿¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô
³»¸®Áö ¾Æ´ÏÇϸ®¶ó.¡± ¸ð¼¼´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô±îÁö ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡°ÁÖ ³ÊÈñ Çϳª´ÔÀ» ±â¾ïÇ϶ó, ÀÌ´Â ±×°¡ Àç»êÀ» ¾òÀ» ÈûÀ»
³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ½ÉÀ̶ó.¡± ¡°³ÊÈñ´Â ¹µ ³ª¶ó¿¡°Ô ºô·Á Á־, ³ÊÈñ´Â ºô¸®Áö ¾Æ´ÏÇϸ®¶ó. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¸¹Àº ³ª¶ó¸¦ ´Ù½º¸±Áö³ª
ÀúÈñ´Â ³ÊÈñ À§¿¡ ´Ù½º¸®Áö ¸øÇÒÁö´Ï¶ó.¡±
96:5.5 (1058.3) ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ À§´ëÇÑ Àΰ£ ¸ð¼¼°¡ ¹«ÁöÇÏ°í ¹«½ÄÇÑ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÌ ¾Ë¾Æµèµµ·Ï ±×ÀÇ µå³ôÀº
¿¤ ¿¤¸®¿æ, ÃÖ°íÀÚ °³³äÀ» ÀûÀÀÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¾²´Â °ÍÀ» ±¸°æÇϱâ´Â ÂüÀ¸·Î µüÇß´Ù. ¸ð¿©µç ÁöµµÀڵ鿡°Ô ±×´Â ¿ì·Úó·³
¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù, ¡°ÁÖ ³ÊÈñ Çϳª´ÔÀº À¯ÀÏÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ¿ä, ±× ¿Ü¿¡ ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ø´À´Ï¶ó.¡± ÇÑÆí È¥ÇÕµÈ ±ºÁß¿¡°Ô ¼±Æ÷Çß´Ù,
¡°¸ðµç ½Å °¡¿îµ¥ ´©°¡ ³ÊÈñÀÇ Çϳª´Ô°ú °°À¸¸®¿À?¡± ¸ð¼¼´Â ¿ë°¨ÇÏ°Ô ÁÖ¹°°ú ¿ì»ó ¼þ¹è¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¾î´À Á¤µµ
¼º°øÇß°í, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼±¾ðÇß´Ù, ¡°È£·¾ »ê¿¡¼ ºÒ ÇÑ°¡¿îµ¥¼ ³ÊÈñ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ¸»¾¸ÇϽŠ³¯, ³ÊÈñ´Â ¾Æ¹«
¸ð½ÀÀ» ±¸°æÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´µµ´Ù.¡± ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ Çü»óÀ» ¸¸µå´Â °Íµµ ±ÝÇß´Ù.
96:5.6 (1058.4) ¸ð¼¼´Â ¾ß¿þ°¡ ÀÚºñ·Ó´Ù°í ¼±Æ÷Çϱ⸦ µÎ·Á¿öÇß°í, ¡°ÁÖ ³ÊÈñ Çϳª´ÔÀº °¡Àå ³ôÀº
½ÅÀÌ¿ä, °¡Àå ³ôÀº ÁÖ, À§´ëÇÑ Çϳª´Ô, ¸·°ÇÏ°í ¹«¼¿î Çϳª´ÔÀÌ¿ä, »ç¶÷À» Áß½ÃÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸½Ã´Ï¶ó¡±ÇÏ°í ¸»Çϸé¼,
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÀº¸¸¦ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÌ °æ¿Ü°¨¿¡ ºüÁö°Ô ¸¸µé±â¸¦ ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù. ¶Ç ¡°³ÊÈñ°¡ º¹Á¾ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§
³ÊÈñ Çϳª´ÔÀº Á×À̽ô϶ó. ³ÊÈñ°¡ º¹Á¾ÇÒ ¶§ ±×´Â ³ÊÈñ¸¦ °íÄ¡°í »ý¸íÀ» Áֽô϶ó¡±ÇÏ°í ¼±Æ÷Çϸé¼, ±×´Â ³ÆøÇÑ
¾¾Á·µéÀ» ´Ù·ç·Á°í ¾Ö½è´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ð¼¼´Â ÀÌ ºÎÁ·µéÀÌ ¡°±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç °è¸íÀ» ÁöÅ°°í ¸ðµç °èÀ²¿¡ º¹Á¾Çϴ¡± Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î
±×µéÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÅÃÇÑ ¹é¼ºÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù.
96:5.7 (1058.5) ÀÌ ¿¾ ½ÃÀý¿¡ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÚºñ·Î¿ò¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¡°Àü´ÉÀÚ¿ä, ÁÖ´Â ÀüÀïÇÏ´Â ÀÌ, ÀüÀïÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ¿ä, ±Ç´ÉÀÌ ¿µÈ·Ó°í, ±×ÀÇ ÀûµéÀ» °¡·ç·Î ¸¸µå½Ã´Â¡±
Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¹è¿ü´Ù. ¡°ÁÖ ³ÊÈñ Çϳª´ÔÀº ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ±¸¿øÇÏ·Á°í À帷 °¡¿îµ¥¼ °ÉÀ¸½Ã´Ï¶ó.¡± À̽º¶ó¿¤ »ç¶÷µéÀº
Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±×µéÀ» »ç¶ûÇßÁö¸¸, ¶ÇÇÑ ¡°ÆĶó¿ÀÀÇ ¸¶À½À» ±»¾îÁö°Ô ¸¸µé°í,¡± ¡°±×µéÀÇ ÀûÀ» ÀúÁÖÇϴ¡± ºÐÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.
96:5.8 (1058.6) ¸ð¼¼´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ¾Æµéµþ¿¡°Ô ¿ìÁÖÀûÀ̸ç ÀÎÀÚÇÑ ½ÅÀ» ¾óÇÍ º¸¿©ÁÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ´ëü·Î,
±×µéÀÇ ÀÏ»óÀû ¾ß¿þ °³³äÀº µÑ·¯½Ñ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ ºÎÁ· ½Åº¸´Ù °ÅÀÇ ³´Áö ¾ÊÀº Çϳª´Ô °³³äÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ Çϳª´Ô °³³äÀº
¿ø½ÃÀûÀÌ°í Åõ¹ÚÇÏ°í, »ç¶÷°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸ð¼¼°¡ Á×¾úÀ» ¶§, ÀÌ º£µÎÀÎ ºÎÁ·µéÀº ¿¾³¯ È£·¾ »ê°ú »ç¸·ÀÇ ½ÅµéÀÇ
°³³ä, ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¹Ì°³ÇÑ °ü³äÀ¸·Î À绡¸® µÇµ¹¾Æ°¬´Ù. ¸ð¼¼°¡ ÁöµµÀڵ鿡°Ô À̵û±Ý Á¦½ÃÇÑ È¯»ó, È®´ëµÇ°í ´õ
¼þ°íÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ È¯»óÀº °ð ´«¾Õ¿¡¼ »ç¶óÁ³°í, ÇÑÆí ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖ¹°À̾ú´ø ±Ý¼Û¾ÆÁö ¼þ¹è·Î µ¹¾Æ¼¹´Âµ¥,
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎ ¸ñÀڵ鿡°Ô ¾ß¿þÀÇ »ó¡À̾ú´Ù.
96:5.9 (1059.1) ¸ð¼¼°¡ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ ÁöÈÖ¸¦ ¿ä¼ö¾Æ¿¡°Ô ³Ñ°åÀ» ¶§, ¸ð¼¼´Â ¾Æºê¶óÇÔ¤ý³ªÈ¦¤ý·ÔÀÇ °£Á¢
ÀÚ¼Õ, ±×¸®°í °ü°èµÈ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎÁ·µé ¾È¿¡¼ ¸îõ ¸íÀ» ÀÌ¹Ì ¸ð¾Ò°í, ±×µéÀ» äÂïÁúÇÏ¿© ½º½º·Î ÁöÅÊÇÏ°í ¾î´À Á¤µµ
ÀÚÄ¡ÇÏ¸ç ¸ñÀÚ »ýÈ°À» ÇÏ´Â Åõ»çµéÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
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5. The Teachings of Moses
96:5.1 Moses was an extraordinary
combination of military leader, social organizer, and religious
teacher. He was the most important individual world teacher
and leader between the times of Machiventa and Jesus. Moses
attempted to introduce many reforms in Israel of which there
is no record. In the space of one man's life he led the polyglot
horde of so-called Hebrews out of slavery and uncivilized roaming
while he laid the foundation for the subsequent birth of a nation
and the perpetuation of a race.
96:5.2 There is so little on record of the great work of Moses
because the Hebrews had no written language at the time of the
exodus. The record of the times and doings of Moses was derived
from the traditions extant more than one thousand years after
the death of the great leader.
96:5.3 Many of the advances which Moses made over and above
the religion of the Egyptians and the surrounding Levantine
tribes were due to the Kenite traditions of the time of Melchizedek.
Without the teaching of Machiventa to Abraham and his contemporaries,
the Hebrews would have come out of Egypt in hopeless darkness.
Moses and his father-in-law, Jethro, gathered up the residue
of the traditions of the days of Melchizedek, and these teachings,
joined to the learning of the Egyptians, guided Moses in the
creation of the improved religion and ritual of the Israelites.
Moses was an organizer; he selected the best in the religion
and mores of Egypt and Palestine and, associating these practices
with the traditions of the Melchizedek teachings, organized
the Hebrew ceremonial system of worship.
96:5.4 Moses was a believer in Providence; he had become thoroughly
tainted with the doctrines of Egypt concerning the supernatural
control of the Nile and the other elements of nature. He had
a great vision of God, but he was thoroughly sincere when he
taught the Hebrews that, if they would obey God, "He will
love you, bless you, and multiply you. He will multiply the
fruit of your womb and the fruit of your land-the corn, wine,
oil, and your flocks. You shall be prospered above all people,
and the Lord your God will take away from you all sickness and
will put none of the evil diseases of Egypt upon you."
He even said: "Remember the Lord your God, for it is he
who gives you the power to get wealth." "You shall
lend to many nations, but you shall not borrow. You shall reign
over many nations, but they shall not reign over you."
96:5.5 But it was truly pitiful to watch this great mind of
Moses trying to adapt his sublime concept of El Elyon, the Most
High, to the comprehension of the ignorant and illiterate Hebrews.
To his assembled leaders he thundered, "The Lord your God
is one God; there is none beside him"; while to the mixed
multitude he declared, "Who is like your God among all
the gods?" Moses made a brave and partly successful stand
against fetishes and idolatry, declaring, "You saw no similitude
on the day that your God spoke to you at Horeb out of the midst
of the fire." He also forbade the making of images of any
sort.
96:5.6 Moses feared to proclaim the mercy of Yahweh, preferring
to awe his people with the fear of the justice of God, saying:
"The Lord your God is God of Gods, and Lord of Lords, a
great God, a mighty and terrible God, who regards not man."
Again he sought to control the turbulent clans when he declared
that "your God kills when you disobey him; he heals and
gives life when you obey him." But Moses taught these tribes
that they would become the chosen people of God only on condition
that they "kept all his commandments and obeyed all his
statutes."
96:5.7 Little of the mercy of God was taught the Hebrews during
these early times. They learned of God as "the Almighty;
the Lord is a man of war, God of battles, glorious in power,
who dashes in pieces his enemies." "The Lord your
God walks in the midst of the camp to deliver you." The
Israelites thought of their God as one who loved them, but who
also "hardened Pharaoh's heart" and "cursed their
enemies."
96:5.8 While Moses presented fleeting glimpses of a universal
and beneficent Deity to the children of Israel, on the whole,
their day-by-day concept of Yahweh was that of a God but little
better than the tribal gods of the surrounding peoples. Their
concept of God was primitive, crude, and anthropomorphic; when
Moses passed on, these Bedouin tribes quickly reverted to the
semibarbaric ideas of their olden gods of Horeb and the desert.
The enlarged and more sublime vision of God which Moses every
now and then presented to his leaders was soon lost to view,
while most of the people turned to the worship of their fetish
golden calves, the Palestinian herdsman's symbol of Yahweh.
96:5.9 When Moses turned over the command of the Hebrews to
Joshua, he had already gathered up thousands of the collateral
descendants of Abraham, Nahor, Lot, and other of the related
tribes and had whipped them into a self-sustaining and partially
self-regulating nation of pastoral warriors.
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6.
¸ð¼¼°¡ Á×Àº µÚÀÇ Çϳª´Ô °³³ä
96:6.1 (1059.2) ¸ð¼¼°¡ Á×°í ³ª¼
±×ÀÇ µå³ôÀº ¾ß¿þ °³³äÀº À绡¸® ÁúÀÌ ³ªºüÁ³´Ù. ¿ä¼ö¾Æ¿Í À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ¿ÂÅë ÁöÇý·Ó°í ÀÎÀÚÇÏ°í Àü´ÉÇÑ
Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¹Ï´Â ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ÀüÅëÀ» °è¼Ó °£Á÷ÇßÁö¸¸, ¼¹ÎµéÀº »ç¸·¿¡¼ °¡Á³´ø ´õ ¿À·¡ µÈ ¾ß¿þ °³³äÀ¸·Î À绡¸® µ¹¾Æ°¬´Ù.
½Å °³³äÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÈÄÅð´Â ¿©·¯ ºÎÁ·ÀÇ Á·Àå, À̸¥¹Ù ÆÇ°üµéÀÌ ¿¬´Þ¾Æ ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ´õ¿í °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù.
96:6.2 (1059.3) ¸ð¼¼¶ó´Â Ưº°ÇÑ Àι°ÀÇ ¸¶·ÂÀº ´õ¿í È®´ëµÈ Çϳª´Ô °³³äÀÇ ¿µ°¨À»±× ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÇ ¸¶À½
¼Ó¿¡¼ »ì·Á µÎ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÏ´Ü ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀÇ ±â¸§Áø ¶¥¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸£ÀÚ, ±×µéÀº ¾çÀ» Ä¡´ø À¯¸ñ¹Î óÁö¿¡¼, Á¤ÂøÇÏ¿©
¾ó¸¶Å ÁÖÀú¾ÉÀº ³óºÎ·Î À绡¸® ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ýÈ° dz½ÀÀÇ ÁøÈ¿Í Á¾±³ °üÁ¡ÀÇ º¯È´Â ±×µéÀÌ Çϳª´Ô, ¾ß¿þÀÇ
¼ºÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °¡Áø °³³äÀÇ Æ¯Â¡¿¡ ¾ó¸¶Å öÀúÇÑ º¯È¸¦ ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù. ½Ã³ªÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°í Åõ¹ÚÇÏ°í °¡È¤ÇÏ°í
õµÕó·³ ¼Ò¸®Ä¡´Â »ç¸·ÀÇ ½Å(ãê)ÀÌ ³ªÁß¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °³³ä, »ç¶û°ú ÀÀº¸¿Í ÀÚºñÀÇ Çϳª´Ô °³³äÀ¸·Î ¼ºÁúÀÌ º¯Çϱâ
½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ½ÃÀý¿¡, È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀº ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ µå³ôÀº °¡¸£Ä§À» °ÅÀÇ ÀÒ¾î¹ö·È´Ù. ÀϽű³ÀÇ ¸ðµç °³³äÀ» °ÅÀÇ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®´Ù½ÃÇÇ
ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀº À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¿µÀû ÁøÈ¿¡¼ ºÒ°¡°áÇÑ °í¸®·Î¼ ¼ö°íÇÒ ¹ÎÁ·, ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä£ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀ»
¹Ù·Î ±× ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¼ö¿© ¾ÆµéÀÌ À°½ÅÈÇϱâ±îÁö º¸Á¸ÇÒ Áý´ÜÀÌ µÇ´Â ±âȸ¸¦ °ÅÀÇ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸± »·ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
96:6.3 (1059.4) Àý¸Á¿¡ ºüÁ®¼ ¿ä¼ö¾Æ´Â ºÎÁ· »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸Ó¸® ¼Ó¿¡ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¾ß¿þ °³³äÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á°í
¾Ö½è°í, ¾ß¿þ°¡ ¡°³»°¡ ¸ð¼¼¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÑ °Í °°ÀÌ, ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿Í ÇÔ²² Çϸ®¶ó. ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ³õÄ¡°Å³ª ¹ö¸®Áö ¾Æ´ÏÇϸ®¶ó¡±ÇÏ°í
¼±¾ðÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ¿ä¼ö¾Æ´Â ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹ÎÁ·¿¡°Ô ¾ö°ÝÇÑ º¹À½À» ÀüÆÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÔÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò°í, ÀÌ ¹ÎÁ·Àº
±×µéÀÇ ¿¾ ÅäÂø Á¾±³¸¦ ¾ÆÁÖ ±â²¨ÀÌ ¹ÏÀ¸¸é¼, ½Å¾Ó°ú ÀǷοòÀ» ºÎ¸£Â¢´Â Á¾±³¿¡¼ ÀüÁøÇÏ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿ä¼ö¾ÆÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿äÁ¡Àº ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù: ¡°¾ß¿þ´Â °Å·èÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ¿ä, ÁúÅõÇÏ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀ̶ó. ±×´Â ³ÊÈñ°¡ ±ÔÄ¢ ¾î±ä °ÍÀ̳ª
³ÊÈñÀÇ Á˸¦ ÀØÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇϸ®¶ó.¡± ÀÌ ½Ã´ë¿¡ °¡Àå ³ôÀº °³³äÀº ¾ß¿þ¸¦ ¡°±Ç´É°ú ½ÉÆÇ°ú ÀÀº¸ÀÇ Çϳª´Ô¡±À¸·Î ¹¦»çÇÏ¿´´Ù.
96:6.4 (1059.5) ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¾îµÎ¿î ½Ã´ë¿¡µµ, À̵û±Ý ÇÑ ¼±»ýÀÌ ¿Ü·ÎÀÌ ÀϾ¼ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ½Å °³³äÀ»
¼±Æ÷ÇÏ°ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù: ¡°³ÊÈñ »ç¾ÇÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ÁÖ¸¦ ¼¶±æ ¼ö ¾ø³ª´Ï, ±×°¡ °Å·èÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÎ ±î´ßÀ̶ó.¡± ¡°ÇÊ»ç Àΰ£ÀÌ
Çϳª´Ôº¸´Ù ´õ °øÁ¤ÇÏ°Ú´À³Ä? »ç¶÷ÀÌ Ã¢Á¶ÁÖº¸´Ù ´õ ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ú´À³Ä?¡± ¡°³ÊÈñ°¡ ã´Â´Ù°í Çؼ Çϳª´ÔÀ» ã¾Æ³»°Ú´À³Ä?
³ÊÈñ°¡ ¿ÏÀü¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö Àü´ÉÀÚ¸¦ ã¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´À³Ä? º¸¶ó, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ Å©¼Åµµ ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´À´Ï¶ó.
Àü´ÉÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸Áö¸é¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´À´Ï¶ó.¡±
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6. The God Concept After
Moses¡¯ Death
96:6.1 Upon the death of
Moses his lofty concept of Yahweh rapidly deteriorated. Joshua
and the leaders of Israel continued to harbor the Mosaic traditions
of the all-wise, beneficent, and almighty God, but the common
people rapidly reverted to the older desert idea of Yahweh.
And this backward drift of the concept of Deity continued increasingly
under the successive rule of the various tribal sheiks, the
so-called Judges.
96:6.2 The spell of the extraordinary personality of Moses had
kept alive in the hearts of his followers the inspiration of
an increasingly enlarged concept of God; but when they once
reached the fertile lands of Palestine, they quickly evolved
from nomadic herders into settled and somewhat sedate farmers.
And this evolution of life practices and change of religious
viewpoint demanded a more or less complete change in the character
of their conception of the nature of their God, Yahweh. During
the times of the beginning of the transmutation of the austere,
crude, exacting, and thunderous desert god of Sinai into the
later appearing concept of a God of love, justice, and mercy,
the Hebrews almost lost sight of Moses' lofty teachings. They
came near losing all concept of monotheism; they nearly lost
their opportunity of becoming the people who would serve as
a vital link in the spiritual evolution of Urantia, the group
who would conserve the Melchizedek teaching of one God until
the times of the incarnation of a bestowal Son of that Father
of all.
96:6.3 Desperately Joshua sought to hold the concept of a supreme
Yahweh in the minds of the tribesmen, causing it to be proclaimed:
"As I was with Moses, so will I be with you; I will not
fail you nor forsake you." Joshua found it necessary to
preach a stern gospel to his disbelieving people, people all
too willing to believe their old and native religion but unwilling
to go forward in the religion of faith and righteousness. The
burden of Joshua's teaching became: "Yahweh is a holy God;
he is a jealous God; he will not forgive your transgressions
nor your sins." The highest concept of this age pictured
Yahweh as a "God of power, judgment, and justice."
96:6.4 But even in this dark age, every now and then a solitary
teacher would arise proclaiming the Mosaic concept of divinity:
"You children of wickedness cannot serve the Lord, for
he is a holy God." "Shall mortal man be more just
than God? shall a man be more pure than his Maker?" "Can
you by searching find out God? Can you find out the Almighty
to perfection? Behold, God is great and we know him not. Touching
the Almighty, we cannot find him out."
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96:7.9 (1061.2) [³×¹Ùµ·ÀÇ ÇÑ ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù.]
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7. Psalms and the Book
of Job
96:7.1 Under the leadership
of their sheiks and priests the Hebrews became loosely established
in Palestine. But they soon drifted back into the benighted beliefs
of the desert and became contaminated with the less advanced Canaanite
religious practices. They became idolatrous and licentious, and
their idea of Deity fell far below the Egyptian and Mesopotamian
concepts of God that were maintained by certain surviving Salem
groups, and which are recorded in some of the Psalms and in the
so-called Book of Job.
96:7.2 The Psalms are the work of a score or more of authors;
many were written by Egyptian and Mesopotamian teachers. During
these times when the Levant worshiped nature gods, there were
still a goodly number who believed in the supremacy of El Elyon,
the Most High.
96:7.3 No collection of religious writings gives expression to
such a wealth of devotion and inspirational ideas of God as the
Book of Psalms. And it would be very helpful if, in the perusal
of this wonderful collection of worshipful literature, consideration
could be given to the source and chronology of each separate hymn
of praise and adoration, bearing in mind that no other single
collection covers such a great range of time. This Book of Psalms
is the record of the varying concepts of God entertained by the
believers of the Salem religion throughout the Levant and embraces
the entire period from Amenemope to Isaiah. In the Psalms God
is depicted in all phases of conception, from the crude idea of
a tribal deity to the vastly expanded ideal of the later Hebrews,
wherein Yahweh is pictured as a loving ruler and merciful Father.
96:7.4 And when thus regarded, this group of Psalms constitutes
the most valuable and helpful assortment of devotional sentiments
ever assembled by man up to the times of the twentieth century.
The worshipful spirit of this collection of hymns transcends that
of all other sacred books of the world.
96:7.5 The variegated picture of Deity presented in the Book of
Job was the product of more than a score of Mesopotamian religious
teachers extending over a period of almost three hundred years.
And when you read the lofty concept of divinity found in this
compilation of Mesopotamian beliefs, you will recognize that it
was in the neighborhood of Ur of Chaldea that the idea of a real
God was best preserved during the dark days in Palestine.
96:7.6 In Palestine the wisdom and all-pervasiveness of God was
often grasped but seldom his love and mercy. The Yahweh of these
times "sends evil spirits to dominate the souls of his enemies";
he prospers his own and obedient children, while he curses and
visits dire judgments upon all others. "He disappoints the
devices of the crafty; he takes the wise in their own deceit."
96:7.7 Only at Ur did a voice arise to cry out the mercy of God,
saying: "He shall pray to God and shall find favor with him
and shall see his face with joy, for God will give to man divine
righteousness." Thus from Ur there is preached salvation,
divine favor, by faith: "He is gracious to the repentant
and says, `Deliver him from going down in the pit, for I have
found a ransom.' If any say, `I have sinned and perverted that
which was right, and it profited me not,' God will deliver his
soul from going into the pit, and he shall see the light."
Not since the times of Melchizedek had the Levantine world heard
such a ringing and cheering message of human salvation as this
extraordinary teaching of Elihu, the prophet of Ur and priest
of the Salem believers, that is, the remnant of the onetime Melchizedek
colony in Mesopotamia.
96:7.8 And thus did the remnants of the Salem missionaries in
Mesopotamia maintain the light of truth during the period of the
disorganization of the Hebrew peoples until the appearance of
the first of that long line of the teachers of Israel who never
stopped as they built, concept upon concept, until they had achieved
the realization of the ideal of the Universal and Creator Father
of all, the acme of the evolution of the Yahweh concept.
96:7.9 [Presented by a Melchizedek of Nebadon.]
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