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3. ÅäÅÛ ½Å¾Ó 4. ¸¶¼ú |
5. ¸¶¹ýÀÇ ºÎÀû 6. ¸¶¼úÀÇ Ç³½À |
Á¦ 88 Æí
| Paper
88 Fetishes, Charms, and Magic | |
88:0.1 (967.1)
»ý¸íÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¹°À̳ª µ¿¹°À̳ª »ç¶÷ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¿µÀÌ µé¾î°£´Ù´Â °³³äÀº ¸Å¿ì ¿À·¡ µÇ°í Á¸Áß¹ÞÀ» ¹ÏÀ½À̸ç, Á¾±³ÀÇ ÁøÈ°¡
½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§ºÎÅÍ À¯ÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½Å¿¡ µé¸°´Ù´Â ÀÌ ±³¸®´Â Ʋ¸²¾ø´Â ÁÖ¹° ¼þ¹èÀÌ´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖ¹°À» ¿¹¹èÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÁÖ ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î, ±×´Â ¾È¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ¿µÀ» ¼þ¹èÇÏ°í Á¸°æÇÑ´Ù.
| The concept
of a spirit's entering into an inanimate object, an animal, or a
human being, is a very ancient and honorable belief, having prevailed
since the beginning of the evolution of religion. This doctrine
of spirit possession is nothing more nor less than fetishism. The
savage does not necessarily worship the fetish; he very logically
worships and reverences the spirit resident therein. | |
88:0.2 (967.2)
óÀ½¿¡, »ç¶÷µéÀº ÁÖ¹° ¼Ó¿¡ µç ¿µÀº Á×Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ±Í½ÅÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú°í, ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ´õ ³ôÀº ¿µµéÀÌ ÁÖ¹° ¾È¿¡ °ÅÇÑ´Ù°í
»ó»óÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÁÖ¹° ¼þ¹è´Â °á±¹, ±Í½Å¤ýÈ¥¤ý¿µÀ» ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿©, ¾Ç¸¶¿¡ µé¸®´Â °Í¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ðµç ¿ø½Ã °ü³äÀ» ÇÕº´ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| At first, the
spirit of a fetish was believed to be the ghost of a dead man; later
on, the higher spirits were supposed to reside in fetishes. And
so the fetish cult eventually incorporated all of the primitive
ideas of ghosts, souls, spirits, and demon possession. |
88:1.1 (967.3) ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª Ưº°ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̳ª ÁÖ¹°(ñ±Úª)·Î ¸¸µé°í ½Í¾îÇß´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ ¿ì¿¬È÷ ±â¿øÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁ´Ù°¡ ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ°í ±×°¡ ³´´Â´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¾à(å·)ÀÇ ¸í¼º, º´À» Ä¡·áÇÏ´Â ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ Âü¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ²Þ°ú ¿¬°áµÈ ¹°°ÇÀº ÁÖ¹°·Î ¹Ù²î±â°¡ ½¬¿ü´Ù. º¸Åë »êÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó È»ê, º°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ìº°ÀÌ ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ½ÃÃÊÀÇ Àΰ£Àº º°¶Ë°ú ¿î¼®ÀÌ Æ¯º°ÇÑ Ã£¾Æ¿À´Â ¿µÀÌ ¶¥¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù. | 1. Belief in Fetishes Primitive man always wanted to make anything extraordinary into a fetish; chance therefore gave origin to many. A man is sick, something happens, and he gets well. The same thing is true of the reputation of many medicines and the chance methods of treating disease. Objects connected with dreams were likely to be converted into fetishes. Volcanoes, but not mountains, became fetishes; comets, but not stars. Early man regarded shooting stars and meteors as indicating the arrival on earth of special visiting spirits. | |
88:1.2 (967.4)
óÀ½ ÁÖ¹°Àº ƯÀÌÇÏ°Ô Ç¥½ÃµÈ Á¶¾àµ¹À̾ú°í, »ç¶÷Àº ±× µÚ·Î ´Ã ¡°½Å¼ºÇÑ µ¹¡±À» ã¾Ò´Ù. ±¸½½ ¸ñ°Å¸®´Â ÇѶ§ ½Å¼ºÇÑ
µ¹ÀÇ ¼öÁýÀÌ¿ä, ºÎÀûÀ» ¸ðÀº °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¸¹Àº ºÎÁ·ÀÌ ÁÖ¹° µ¹À» °¡Á³Áö¸¸, Ä«¹Ù¿Í[1]½ºÄïÀÇ µ¹°ú[2] ´Þ¸®, °ÅÀÇ
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ºÒ°ú ¹°µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ÃʱâÀÇ ÁÖ¹°À̾ú°í, °Å·èÇÑ ¹°À» ¹Ï´Â ¹ÏÀ½°ú ´õºÒ¾î, ºÒÀÇ ¼þ¹è´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³²¾Æ
ÀÖ´Ù.
°¢ÁÖ[1] Ä«¹Ù : ¸ÞÄ«ÀÇ È¸±³ »ç¿ø ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ËÀº µ¹·Î ÁöÀº ½ÅÀü. [2] ½ºÄï : ¿¾³¯ ½ºÄàÆ®·£µå ¿ÕÀÌ ÁïÀ§½Ä ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÑ µ¹. | The first fetishes
were peculiarly marked pebbles, and "sacred stones" have
ever since been sought by man; a string of beads was once a collection
of sacred stones, a battery of charms. Many tribes had fetish stones,
but few have survived as have the Kaaba and the Stone of Scone.
Fire and water were also among the early fetishes, and fire worship,
together with belief in holy water, still survives. | |
88:1.3 (967.5)
³ª¹« ÁÖ¹°Àº ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾î¶² ºÎÁ·µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ÀÚ¿¬ ¼þ¹è°¡ Áö¼ÓÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ ¿µÀÌ ±êµç
ºÎÀûÀÇ °ü³äÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù. ½Ä¹°(ãÕÚª)°ú °úÀÏÀÌ ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, À̰͵éÀº ¸ÔÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ±Ý±â°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. »ç°ú´Â ÀÌ ºÐ·ù¿¡
óÀ½À¸·Î µé¾î°¬´Ù. ·¹¹ÝÆ® ¹ÎÁ·µéÀº °áÄÚ »ç°ú¸¦ ¸ÔÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
| Tree fetishes
were a later development, but among some tribes the persistence
of nature worship led to belief in charms indwelt by some sort of
nature spirit. When plants and fruits became fetishes, they were
taboo as food. The apple was among the first to fall into this category;
it was never eaten by the Levantine peoples. | |
88:1.4 (967.6)
µ¿¹°ÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ »ìÀ» ¸ÔÀ¸¸é, ±× µ¿¹°Àº ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î °³´Â ÆĽà ±³µµÀÇ ½Å¼ºÇÑ µ¿¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ
µ¿¹°ÀÌ°í ±Í½ÅÀÌ ±× ¾È¿¡ ¿µ±¸È÷ °ÅÇϸé, ÁÖ¹° »ç»óÀº ȯ»ý(ü½ßæ)¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº
µ¿¹°À» ºÎ·¯¿öÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº µ¿¹°º¸´Ù ¿ì¼öÇÏ´Ù°í ´À³¢Áö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â Áü½ÂÀ» µû¶ó¼ ÈçÈ÷ À̸§À» Áö¾ú´Ù.
| If an animal
ate human flesh, it became a fetish. In this way the dog came to
be the sacred animal of the Parsees. If the fetish is an animal
and the ghost is permanently resident therein, then fetishism may
impinge on reincarnation. In many ways the savages envied the animals;
they did not feel superior to them and were often named after their
favorite beasts. | |
88:1.5 (967.7)
µ¿¹°ÀÌ ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ±× ÁÖ¹°ÀÎ µ¿¹°ÀÇ °í±â¸¦ ¸ÔÁö ¸»¶ó´Â ±Ý±â°¡ µÚµû¶ú´Ù. ²¿¸® ¾ø´Â ¿ø¼þÀÌ¿Í ²¿¸® ÀÖ´Â ¿ø¼þÀÌ´Â
»ç¶÷°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô »ý°å±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ÁÖ¹° µ¿¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¹ì¤ý»õ¤ýµÅÁö¸¦ ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ¿©°å´Ù. ÇѶ§´Â
¼Û¾ÆÁö°¡ ÁÖ¹°À̾ú°í ¿ìÀ¯´Â ±Ý±â¿´À¸¸ç, ÇÑÆí ¹è¼³¹°À» ³ôÀÌ ÃÄÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸Àο¡¼, ƯÈ÷ Æä´ÏÅ°¾ÆÀÎÀÌ ¹ìÀ» ¼þ¹èÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥,
À̵éÀº À¯´ëÀΰú ÇÔ²² ¹ìÀ» ¾ÇÇÑ ¿µÀÇ ´ëº¯ÀÚ¶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ¸¹Àº Çö´ëÀεµ ÆÄÃæ·ù°¡ ºÎÀûÀÇ ÈûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ·ÎºÎÅÍ
°è¼ÓÇÏ¿© Àεµ¸¦ ÅëÇؼ, È«ÀÎÀÇ ¸ðÅ° ºÎÁ·ÀÇ ¹ìÃã¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹ìÀ» ¼þ¹èÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| When animals
became fetishes, there ensued the taboos on eating the flesh of
the fetish animal. Apes and monkeys, because of resemblance to man,
early became fetish animals; later, snakes, birds, and swine were
also similarly regarded. At one time the cow was a fetish, the milk
being taboo while the excreta were highly esteemed. The serpent
was revered in Palestine, especially by the Phoenicians, who, along
with the Jews, considered it to be the mouthpiece of evil spirits.
Even many moderns believe in the charm powers of reptiles. From
Arabia on through India to the snake dance of the Moqui tribe of
red men the serpent has been revered. | |
88:1.6 (968.1)
ÇÑ ÁÖ¿¡ ¾î¶² ³¯Àº ÁÖ¹°À̾ú´Ù. ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù µ¿¾È ±Ý¿äÀÏÀ» ¿îÀÌ ³ª»Û ³¯·Î ¿©°Ü ¿Ô°í, 13À̶ó´Â ¼ö´Â ³ª»Û ¼ö¿´´Ù.
¿î ÁÁÀº ¼ýÀÚ, 3°ú 7Àº ÈÄÀÏÀÇ °è½Ã·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý°å´Ù. 4´Â ¿ø½ÃÀο¡°Ô ¿î ÁÁÀº ¼ýÀÚ¿´°í, ³ªÄ§¹ÝÀÇ 4Á¡À» ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ
±ú´ÞÀº µ¥¼ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. °¡ÃàÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ ¼ÒÀ¯¹°À» ¼¼´Â °ÍÀº ¿îÀÌ ³ª»Ú´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¾ »ç¶÷µéÀº Àα¸ Á¶»ç, ¡°»ç¶÷µéÀÇ
¼ö¸¦ ¼¼´Â °Í¡±À» ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹Ý´ëÇß´Ù.
| Certain days
of the week were fetishes. For ages Friday has been regarded as
an unlucky day and the number thirteen as an evil numeral. The lucky
numbers three and seven came from later revelations; four was the
lucky number of primitive man and was derived from the early recognition
of the four points of the compass. It was held unlucky to count
cattle or other possessions; the ancients always opposed the taking
of a census, "numbering the people." | |
88:1.7 (968.2)
¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº ¼º±³¸¦ ºÎ´çÇÑ ÁÖ¹°·Î ¸¸µéÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. »ý½Ä ±â´É¿¡´Â °Ü¿ì Á¶±Ý ´«À» µ¹·ÈÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î »ý°¢À»
°¡Á³°í, À½ÅÁÇϰųª À½¶õÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| Primitive
man did not make an undue fetish out of sex; the reproductive function
received only a limited amount of attention. The savage was natural
minded, not obscene or prurient. | |
88:1.8 (968.3)
ħÀº È¿·Â ÀÖ´Â ÁÖ¹°À̾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ħÀ» ¹ñ¾î ¾Ç¸¶¸¦ ÂѾƳ¾ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Àå·Î³ª »ó°üÀÌ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ħ ¹ñ´Â °ÍÀº ÃÖ°íÀÇ
ĪÂùÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÎüÀÇ ¿©·¯ ºÎºÐ, ƯÈ÷ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô°ú ¼ÕÅéÀ» ÀáÀç ÁÖ¹°·Î ¿©°å´Ù. ±æ°Ô ÀÚ¶ó´Â ÃßÀåÀÇ ¼ÕÅéÀ» ³ôÀÌ ÃÄÁÖ¾ú°í,
¼ÕÅé ±ðÀº °ÍÀº °·ÂÇÑ ÁÖ¹°À̾ú´Ù. µÎ°³°ñ ÁÖ¹°À» ¹Ï´Â °ü³äÀº ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ¸Ó¸® »ç³ÉÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ÅÈÁÙÀº ³ôÀÌ ÃÄÁÖ´Â
ÁÖ¹°À̾ú´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯µµ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ±×·¸°Ô ¿©±ä´Ù. ÀηùÀÇ Ã³À½ Àå³°¨Àº º¸Á¸µÈ ÅÈÁÙÀ̾ú´Ù. ÈçÈ÷ ÇÏ´Ù½ÃÇÇ, ÅÈÁÙÀº
ÁøÁÖ¿Í ÇÔ²² ¿«¾î¼ »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ã¹ ¸ñ°Å¸®°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Saliva was
a potent fetish; devils could be driven out by spitting on a person.
For an elder or superior to spit on one was the highest compliment.
Parts of the human body were looked upon as potential fetishes,
particularly the hair and nails. The long-growing fingernails of
the chiefs were highly prized, and the trimmings thereof were a
powerful fetish. Belief in skull fetishes accounts for much of later-day
head-hunting. The umbilical cord was a highly prized fetish; even
today it is so regarded in Africa. Mankind's first toy was a preserved
umbilical cord. Set with pearls, as was often done, it was man's
first necklace. | |
88:1.9 (968.4)
²ÅÃß ¾ÆÀÌ¿Í Àý¸§¹ßÀÌ ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ÁÖ¹°·Î °£ÁֵǾú´Ù. ¹ÌÄ¡±¤ÀÌ´Â ´Þ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº õÀç¿Í ±¤±â(ÎÊѨ)¸¦
°¡¸± ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. õġ¸¦ ¶§·ÁÁ×À̰ųª ÁÖ¹° Àι°·Î ¸ð¼Ì´Ù. È÷½ºÅ׸®´Â Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸¶¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÁßÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½À» È®ÁõÇÏ¿´´Ù.
°£Áúº´ÀÚ´Â ÈçÈ÷ »çÁ¦¿Í ÁÖ¼ú»ç¿´´Ù. ¼ú¿¡ ÃëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½Åµé¸° ÇüÅ·Π¿©°å´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀÌ Èïû°Å¸®°í ¸¶½Ç ¶§, ±×°¡ ÇÑ
Áþ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» °ÅºÎÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Ó¸®Åп¡ ³ª¹µÀÙÀ» ´Þ¾Ò´Ù. µ¶°ú ¼ú ÃëÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, À̰͵éÀº ±Í½ÅÀÌ
µé·È´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Hunchbacked
and crippled children were regarded as fetishes; lunatics were believed
to be moon-struck. Primitive man could not distinguish between genius
and insanity; idiots were either beaten to death or revered as fetish
personalities. Hysteria increasingly confirmed the popular belief
in witchcraft; epileptics often were priests and medicine men. Drunkenness
was looked upon as a form of spirit possession; when a savage went
on a spree, he put a leaf in his hair for the purpose of disavowing
responsibility for his acts. Poisons and intoxicants became fetishes;
they were deemed to be possessed. | |
88:1.10 (968.5)
¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÃµÀç´Â ÁöÇý·Î¿î ±Í½ÅÀÌ µé¸° ÁÖ¼ú Àι°À̶ó°í º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀçÁÖ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº »ç¸®¸¦ ä¿ì·Á°í,
°ð »ç±â(Þñѧ)¿Í ¼ú¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù. ÁÖ¹° Àΰ£Àº »ç¶÷º¸´Ù ³ô´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ½Å´ä°í, ¾Æ´Ï À߸øÇÒ
¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÃßÀå¤ýÀӱݤý»çÁ¦¤ý¼±ÁöÀÚ, ±³È¸ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº °á±¹, Å« ÈûÀ» ¾²°í ÇѾø´Â ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÑ´Ù.
| Many people
looked upon geniuses as fetish personalities possessed by a wise
spirit. And these talented humans soon learned to resort to fraud
and trickery for the advancement of their selfish interests. A fetish
man was thought to be more than human; he was divine, even infallible.
Thus did chiefs, kings, priests, prophets, and church rulers eventually
wield great power and exercise unbounded authority. |
88:2.1 (968.6) ±Í½ÅÀº À°Ã¼¸¦ ÀÔ°í »ì¾Æ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ Àڱ⿡°Ô ¼ÓÇß´ø ¾î¶² ¹°°Ç¿¡ °ÅÇϱ⸦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù°í »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ÀÌ °ü³äÀº Çö´ëÀÇ ¸¹Àº À¯Ç°(ë¶ù¡)ÀÇ È¿·ÂÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ¿¾³¯ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×µéÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚÀÇ »À¸¦ ¼þ¾ÓÇÏ¿´°í ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼ºÀÚ(á¡íº)¿Í ¿µ¿õÀÇ À¯°ñÀ» ¹Ì½ÅÀ¸·Î µÎ·Æ°Ô ¿©±ä´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯µµ À§ÀÎÀÇ ¹«´ý¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼ø·ÊÇÑ´Ù. | 2. Evolution of the Fetish It was a supposed preference of ghosts to indwell some object which had belonged to them when alive in the flesh. This belief explains the efficacy of many modern relics. The ancients always revered the bones of their leaders, and the skeletal remains of saints and heroes are still regarded with superstitious awe by many. Even today, pilgrimages are made to the tombs of great men. | |
88:2.2 (968.7)
À¯Ç°À» ¹Ï´Â °ü³äÀº ¿¾Àû ÁÖ¹° ¼þ¹èÀÇ ºÎ»ê¹°ÀÌ´Ù. Çö´ë Á¾±³ÀÇ À¯Ç°Àº ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀÇ ÁÖ¹°À» ÇÕ¸®ÈÇÏ°í ÀÌó·³ Çö´ëÀÇ Á¾±³
ü°è¿¡¼ À§¾ö ÀÖ°í Á¸°æ¹Þ´Â ÀÚ¸®·Î ¿Ã·Á³õÀ¸·Á´Â ½ÃµµÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¹°°ú ¸¶¼úÀ» ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀº À̱³µµ °°Áö¸¸, À¯Ç°°ú ±âÀûÀ»
¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ±¦Âú´Ù°í »ý°¢µÈ´Ù.
| Belief in relics
is an outgrowth of the ancient fetish cult. The relics of modern
religions represent an attempt to rationalize the fetish of the
savage and thus elevate it to a place of dignity and respectability
in the modern religious systems. It is heathenish to believe in
fetishes and magic but supposedly all right to accept relics and
miracles. | |
88:2.3 (969.1)
ȷΡª³·Î¡ª´Â ¾ó¸¶Å ÁÖ¹°, ÇϳªÀÇ ½Å¼ºÇÑ Àå¼Ò°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼º¼Ò¿Í ¼ºÀüÀº óÀ½¿¡ ÁÖ¹° Àå¼Ò¿´´Âµ¥, °Å±â¿¡ Á×Àº ÀÚµéÀÌ
¹¯Çû±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¸ð¼¼´Â È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ ÁÖ¹° ¿ÀµÎ¸·À» ±×¶§ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ø Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ý °³³äÀ̾ú´ø Å« ÁÖ¹°À» ¸ð½Å Àå¼Ò·Î ³ô¿´´Ù.
±×·¯³ª À̽º¶ó¿¤ »ç¶÷µéÀº µ¹ Á¦´ÜÀ» ¹Ï´Â ƯÀÌÇÑ °¡³ª¾È ½Å¾ÓÀ» °áÄÚ ¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¡°±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ±âµÕÀ¸·Î ¼¼¿î ÀÌ
µ¹Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÁýÀÌ µÉÁö´Ï¶ó.¡± ±×µéÀÌ ¸ð½Ã´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ µ¹ Á¦´Ü¿¡ °ÅÇÑ´Ù°í ±×µéÀº ÂüÀ¸·Î ¹Ï¾ú°í, µ¹
Á¦´ÜÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÁÖ¹°À̾ú´Ù.
| The hearth-fireplace-became
more or less of a fetish, a sacred spot. The shrines and temples
were at first fetish places because the dead were buried there.
The fetish hut of the Hebrews was elevated by Moses to that place
where it harbored a superfetish, the then existent concept of the
law of God. But the Israelites never gave up the peculiar Canaanite
belief in the stone altar: "And this stone which I have set
up as a pillar shall be God's house." They truly believed that
the spirit of their God dwelt in such stone altars, which were in
reality fetishes. | |
88:2.4 (969.2)
¶Ù¾î³ Á×Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ð½À°ú ±â¾ïÀ» º¸Á¸ÇÏ·Á°í ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Çü»óµéÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Âµ¥, À̰͵éÀº Á¤¸»·Î ±â³äºñ¿´´Ù. ¿ì»óÀº ÁÖ¹°
¼þ¹è¸¦ ´ÙµëÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº °Å·èÇÏ°Ô ¹ÙÄ¡´Â ¿¹½ÄÀÌ ¿µÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Çü»ó ¾È¿¡ µé¾î°¡°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î
¾î¶² ¹°°ÇÀº Ãູ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ºÎÀû(ݬîß)ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| The earliest
images were made to preserve the appearance and memory of the illustrious
dead; they were really monuments. Idols were a refinement of fetishism.
The primitives believed that a ceremony of consecration caused the
spirit to enter the image; likewise, when certain objects were blessed,
they became charms. | |
88:2.5 (969.3)
¿¾ ´Þ¶ó¸¶½Ã¾Æ µµ´ö ¹ý±Ô¿¡ µÑ° °è¸íÀ» º¸Å¸é¼, ¸ð¼¼´Â È÷ºê¸®ÀÎ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ÁÖ¹° ¼þ¹è¸¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù. ±×´Â
ÁÖ¹°·Î¼ ¼º½º·´°Ô µÉ±î ½ÍÀº Çü»óÀ» ÇÑ °¡Áöµµ ¸¸µéÁö ¸»¶ó°í ¸é¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ±×µé¿¡°Ô Áö½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°³ÊÈñ´Â
À§·Î Çϴÿ¡ Àְųª ¾Æ·¡·Î ¶¥¿¡ Àְųª, ¶Ç´Â Áö»óÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ¶óµµ ±× »õ±ä Çü»óÀ̳ª ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¸¸µéÁö ¸»Áö´Ï¶ó.¡±
ÀÌ °è¸íÀº À¯´ëÀÎ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ¿¹¼úÀ» ´ÊÃß´Â µ¥ Å©°Ô ±â¿©ÇßÁö¸¸, ÁÖ¹° ¼þ¹è¸¦ ÁÙ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ð¼¼´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Çö¸íÇؼ °©ÀÚ±â
¿¾ ÁÖ¹°À» °¥¾ÆÄ¡¿ì·Á°í ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, µû¶ó¼ ÀüÀï Á¦´ÜÀÌÀÚ Á¾±³Àû ¼º¼Ò, Áï ¾ð¾à »óÀÚ ¾È¿¡, À²¹ý°ú ³ª¶õÈ÷ ¾î¶²
À¯Ç°µéÀ» µÎ´Â µ¥ Âù¼ºÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| Moses, in the
addition of the second commandment to the ancient Dalamatian moral
code, made an effort to control fetish worship among the Hebrews.
He carefully directed that they should make no sort of image that
might become consecrated as a fetish. He made it plain, " You
shall not make a graven image or any likeness of anything that is
in heaven above, or on the earth beneath, or in the waters of the
earth. " While this commandment did much to retard art among
the Jews, it did lessen fetish worship. But Moses was too wise to
attempt suddenly to displace the olden fetishes, and he therefore
consented to the putting of certain relics alongside the law in
the combined war altar and religious shrine which was the ark. | |
88:2.6 (969.4)
¸»¾¸, ´õ±º´Ù³ª ƯÈ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸À̶ó°í ¿©±ä ¸»¾¸Àº, °á±¹ ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ½¢ÇÑ Á¾±³ÀÇ °Å·èÇÑ Ã¥µéÀÌ
ÁÖ¹° °¨¿ÁÀÌ µÇ¾î¼, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÀû »ó»ó·ÂÀ» °¡µÎ¾î µÎ¾ú´Ù. ÁÖ¹°¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ´Â ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ¹Ù·Î ±× ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
±×ÀÇ °è¸íÀº ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ¿¹¼úÀ» ¹Ùº¸ÁþÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé°í, ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î °ÍÀ» Áñ±â°í Âù¹ÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´õµð°Ô ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ ¾²¿´´Ù.
| Words eventually
became fetishes, more especially those which were regarded as God's
words; in this way the sacred books of many religions have become
fetishistic prisons incarcerating the spiritual imagination of man.
Moses' very effort against fetishes became a supreme fetish; his
commandment was later used to stultify art and to retard the enjoyment
and adoration of the beautiful. | |
88:2.7 (969.5)
¿¾ ½ÃÀý¿¡, ±ÇÇÑÀ» °¡Áø ÁÖ¹° ³¹¸»Àº µÎ·Á¿òÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ±³¸®¿´°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç¶÷À» Á¾À¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â ¸ðµç Æø±º °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå
²ûÁ÷ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÈ ±³¸®´Â ÇÊ»ç Àΰ£À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý º»¼ºÀ» µå·¯³»°í ÆíÇù¤ý±¤½Å¤ý¹Ì½Å¤ýºÒ°ü¿ë, ±×¸®°í °¡Àå Áöµ¶ÇÏ°í
¹Ì°³ÇÑ ÀÜÀÎ ÇàÀ§·Î À̲ö´Ù. ÁöÇý¿Í Áø¸®¸¦ Çö´ë¿¡ Á¸ÁßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº, ÁÖ¹°À» ¸¸µå´Â ¼ºÇâÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÌÄ¡¸¦ µûÁö´Â
´õ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ÇÇÇÑ °ÍÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾±³°¡µéÀÌ ½Å¼ºÇÑ Ã¥À¸·Î ¿©±â´Â, ÃàÀûµÈ ¿©·¯ ÁÖ¹° ±â·Ï¿¡ °üÇؼ
¸»Çϸé, Ã¥ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áø¸®ÀÏ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¸ðµç Áø¸®°¡ ±× Ã¥¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ÀÌ ½Å¼ºÇÑ Ã¥µé
Áß¿¡¼ Çϳª°¡ ¾î¼´Ù°¡ Áö±¸°¡ ÆòÆòÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»Çϸé, ¿À·£ ¼¼´ë°¡ Áö³ª´Â µ¿¾È, ´Ù¸¥ ¸é¿¡¼´Â ¸ÖÂÄÇÑ ³²³àµéÀÌ Ç༺ÀÌ
µÕ±Û´Ù´Â ºÐ¸íÇÑ Áõ°Å¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
| In olden times
the fetish word of authority was a fear-inspiring doctrine, the
most terrible of all tyrants which enslave men. A doctrinal fetish
will lead mortal man to betray himself into the clutches of bigotry,
fanaticism, superstition, intolerance, and the most atrocious of
barbarous cruelties. Modern respect for wisdom and truth is but
the recent escape from the fetish-making tendency up to the higher
levels of thinking and reasoning. Concerning the accumulated fetish
writings which various religionists hold as sacred books, it is
not only believed that what is in the book is true, but also that
every truth is contained in the book. If one of these sacred books
happens to speak of the earth as being flat, then, for long generations,
otherwise sane men and women will refuse to accept positive evidence
that the planet is round. | |
88:2.8 (969.6)
´«ÀÌ ¾î¼´Ù ÇÑ ±¸Àý¿¡ ¶³¾îÁöµµ·Ï ÀÌ ½Å¼ºÇÑ Ã¥ Áß¿¡ Çϳª¸¦ ¿¾î º¸´Â °ü½ÀÀ» µû¸£´Â °ÍÀº ÀÏ»ýÀÇ Áß´ëÇÑ °áÁ¤À̳ª
»ç¾÷À» Á¿ìÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸£´Âµ¥, ±× ¹ö¸©Àº Å͹«´Ï¾ø´Â ÁÖ¹° ¼þ¹è¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¡°½Å¼ºÇÑ Ã¥¡±À» ³õ°í ¼±¼Çϰųª, ÃÖ°í·Î
Á¸°æÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ¹°°ÇÀ¸·Î ¸Í¼¼ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¼¼·ÃµÈ ÁÖ¹° ¼þ¹èÀÌ´Ù.
| The practice
of opening one of these sacred books to let the eye chance upon
a passage, the following of which may determine important life decisions
or projects, is nothing more nor less than arrant fetishism. To
take an oath on a "holy book" or to swear by some object
of supreme veneration is a form of refined fetishism. | |
88:2.9 (969.7)
±×·¯³ª ¾ß¸¸ÀÎ ÃßÀåÀÇ ¼ÕÅé ±ðÀº °ÍÀ» ÁÖ¹°·Î µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© ±ÛÀÚ¤ýÀ²¹ý¤ýÀü¼³¤ý¿ìȤý½ÅȤý½Ã(ãÌ)¤ý¿¬´ë±âÀÇ
ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¼öÁýÀ» Âù¹ÌÇϱâ±îÁö ³ª¾Æ°£ °ÍÀº Á¤¸»·Î ÁøÈÀû Áøº¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, °á±¹ À̰͵éÀº Àû¾îµµ ¡°½Å¼ºÇÑ Ã¥¡±À¸·Î¼ ¼öÁýÇÑ
±× ½ÃÀý°ú »ç°ÇÀÌ ÀÖ±â±îÁö, ¿©·¯ ¼¼±â µ¿¾È üÁúÇÏ¿© °Å¸¥ µµ´öÀû ÁöÇý¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÑ´Ù.
| But it does
represent real evolutionary progress to advance from the fetish
fear of a savage chief's fingernail trimmings to the adoration of
a superb collection of letters, laws, legends, allegories, myths,
poems, and chronicles which, after all, reflect the winnowed moral
wisdom of many centuries, at least up to the time and event of their
being assembled as a "sacred book." | |
88:2.10 (970.1)
ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÇ·Á¸é, ¸»¾¸Àº ¿µ°¨À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾î¾ß Çß°í, ½Å¿¡°Ô¼ ¿µ°¨À» ¹Þ¾Æ¼ ½è´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ´Â ±â·ÏÀ» ÀοëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
±³È¸ ±ÇÇÑÀ» È®¸³ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÇÑÆí ±¹°¡ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÁøÈ´Â ±¹°¡ ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¼º¼÷ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
| To become fetishes,
words had to be considered inspired, and the invocation of supposed
divinely inspired writings led directly to the establishment of
the authority of the church, while the evolution of civil forms
led to the fruition of the authority of the state. |
3. Totemism Fetishism ran through all the primitive cults from the earliest belief in sacred stones, through idolatry, cannibalism, and nature worship, to totemism. | ||
88:3.2 (970.3)
ÅäÅÛ ½Å¾ÓÀº »çȸ dz½À°ú Á¾±³ dz½ÀÀ» Á¾ÇÕÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖÃÊ¿¡´Â, »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ±â¿øÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ´ø ÅäÅÛ µ¿¹°À» Á¸ÁßÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀº ½Ä·®ÀÇ °ø±ÞÀ» º¸ÀåÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÅäÅÛÀº ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ±× Áý´Ü°ú ±×µéÀÇ ½ÅÀÇ »ó¡À̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ½ÅÀº ÀΰÝó·³
µÈ ¾¾Á·À̾ú´Ù. ÅäÅÛ ½Å¾ÓÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¸é¿¡¼ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ Á¾±³¸¦ »çȸÀû Á¾±³·Î ¸¸µé·Á´Â ½ÃµµÀÇ ÇÑ ´Ü°è¿´´Ù. ÅäÅÛÀº °á±¹
¿©·¯ Çö´ë ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ±ê¹ß, °ð ³ª¶óÀÇ »ó¡À¸·Î ÁøÈÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| Totemism is
a combination of social and religious observances. Originally it
was thought that respect for the totem animal of supposed biologic
origin insured the food supply. Totems were at one and the same
time symbols of the group and their god. Such a god was the clan
personified. Totemism was one phase of the attempted socialization
of otherwise personal religion. The totem eventually evolved into
the flag, or national symbol, of the various modern peoples. | |
88:3.3 (970.4)
ÁÖ¹° ÀÚ·ç, ÁÖ¼ú»çÀÇ ÀÚ·ç´Â ±Í½ÅÀÌ µé¾î¹ÚÈù ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¼Ò¹®³ ¹°°ÇÀ» ´ãÀº ÀÚ·ç¿´°í, ¿¾³¯ÀÇ ÁÖ¼ú»ç´Â °áÄÚ Àڱ⠱ǴÉÀÇ
»ó¡ÀÎ ±× ÀÚ·ç°¡ ¶¥¿¡ ´ê°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 20¼¼±â¿¡ ¹®¸íÈµÈ ¹ÎÁ·µéµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ±¹°¡ ÀǽÄ(ëòãÛ)ÀÇ »ó¡ÀÎ ±ê¹ßÀÌ
°áÄÚ ¶¥¿¡ ´êÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ó¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
| A fetish bag,
a medicine bag, was a pouch containing a reputable assortment of
ghost-impregnated articles, and the medicine man of old never allowed
his bag, the symbol of his power, to touch the ground. Civilized
peoples in the twentieth century see to it that their flags, emblems
of national consciousness, likewise never touch the ground. | |
88:3.4 (970.5) »çÁ¦Á÷°ú ÀÓ±Ý Á÷Ã¥ÀÇ ÈÖÀå(ýÅíñ)Àº °á±¹ ÁÖ¹°·Î °£ÁֵǾú°í, °¡Àå ³ôÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ ÁÖ¹°Àº ¾¾Á·À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÎÁ·±îÁö, ¿µÁַκÎÅÍ ±ºÁֱDZîÁö, ÅäÅÛÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±ê¹ß±îÁö, ¿©·¯ ´Ü°èÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» °ÅÃÆ´Ù. ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÈ ÀÓ±ÝÀº ¡°½ÅÀÌ ÁØ ±ÇÇÑ¡±À¸·Î ´Ù½º·È°í, ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Á¤ºÎ°¡ »ý°å´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ÁÖ¹°·Î ¸¸µé¾ú°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁýÇÕÇÏ¿© ¡°¿©·Ð¡±À̶ó°í ºÒ·¶À» ¶§, º¸Åë »ç¶÷ÀÇ »ý°¢À» ³ôÀÌ°í Âù¾çÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀº ±× ÀÚü·Î º¼ ¶§ ±×´ÙÁö °ªÁö°Ô ¿©±âÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǷμ ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Áý´ÜÀ¸·Î È°µ¿ÇÒ ¶§, ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ Æò¹üÇÑ ÆÇ´ÜÀº ÀÀº¸¸¦ ÁßÀçÇÏ´Â ¹°°ÇÀÌ¿ä ¿Ã¹Ù¸§ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÀ̶ó°í ¿©±ä´Ù. | The insignia
of priestly and kingly office were eventually regarded as fetishes,
and the fetish of the state supreme has passed through many stages
of development, from clans to tribes, from suzerainty to sovereignty,
from totems to flags. Fetish kings have ruled by "divine right,"
and many other forms of government have obtained. Men have also
made a fetish of democracy, the exaltation and adoration of the
common man's ideas when collectively called "public opinion."
One man's opinion, when taken by itself, is not regarded as worth
much, but when many men are collectively functioning as a democracy,
this same mediocre judgment is held to be the arbiter of justice
and the standard of righteousness. |
88:4.1 (970.6) ¹®¸íÈµÈ »ç¶÷Àº °úÇÐÀ» ÅëÇؼ ½ÇÀçÇϴ ȯ°æ ¹®Á¦¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÑ´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº ȯ»óÀûÀÎ ±Í½Å ȯ°æ¿¡ ½ÇÀçÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¸¶¼ú·Î ÇØ°áÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¶¼úÀº ¿µµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÃßÃøµÈ ȯ°æÀ» Á¶Á¾ÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀ̾ú°í, ±× ȯ°æÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀº ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍµéÀ» ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ¸¶¼úÀº ÁÖ¹°À» »ç¿ëÇϰųª ´Ù¸¥ ´õ Èû¼¾ ¿µµéÀ» ÅëÇؼ, ÀÚÁøÇؼ ¿µÀÇ ÇùÁ¶¸¦ ¾ò°í, ¸¶À½ ³»ÄÑ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿µÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» °¿äÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀ̾ú´Ù. | 4. Magic Civilized man attacks the problems of a real environment through his science; savage man attempted to solve the real problems of an illusory ghost environment by magic. Magic was the technique of manipulating the conjectured spirit environment whose machinations endlessly explained the inexplicable; it was the art of obtaining voluntary spirit co-operation and of coercing involuntary spirit aid through the use of fetishes or other and more powerful spirits. | |
88:4.2 (970.7) ¸¶¼ú¤ý¸¶¹ý¤ý°½Å¼úÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº µÎ °¡Áö¿´´Ù:
| The object of magic, sorcery, and necromancy
was twofold: | |
88:4.5 (970.10) °úÇÐÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¸¶¼úÀÇ ¸ñÀû°ú ¶È°°´Ù. ¸í»ó°ú ³í¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿À·£ üÇèÀ» ÅëÇؼ, Â÷ÃûÂ÷Ãû, °íÅ뽺·´°Ô, Àηù´Â ¸¶¼ú¿¡¼ °úÇÐÀ¸·Î Áøº¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº Â÷Ãû Áø¸® ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ÈÄÅðÇÏ°í, À߸øÇÏ¿© ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í, À߸øÇÏ¸é¼ Áøº¸Çϸç, ¸¶Ä§³» Áø¸®ÀÇ ¹®Åο¡ ´Ù´Ù¸¥´Ù. °úÇÐÀû ¹æ¹ýÀÌ µµÂøÇÏ°í ³ª¼¾ß »ç¶÷Àº ¾ÕÀ» ÇâÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº ½ÇÇèÇϵçÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¸ê¸ÁÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù. | The objects
of science are identical with those of magic. Mankind is progressing
from magic to science, not by meditation and reason, but rather
through long experience, gradually and painfully. Man is gradually
backing into the truth, beginning in error, progressing in error,
and finally attaining the threshold of truth. Only with the arrival
of the scientific method has he faced forward. But primitive man
had to experiment or perish. | |
88:4.6 (970.11)
Ãʱ⿡ ¹Ì½Å¿¡ ¸ÅȤµÈ °ÍÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ °úÇÐÀû È£±â½ÉÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ø½ÃÀû ¹Ì½Å ¼Ó¿¡´Â ÁøÃëÀûÀÎ ÈûÂù °¨Á¤¡ªµÎ·Á¿ò°ú
¾Æ¿ï·¯ È£±â½É¡ªÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿¾³¯ÀÇ ¸¶¼ú¿¡´Â Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ÃßÁø·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹Ì½ÅÀº Ç༺ÀÇ È¯°æÀ» ¾Ë°í ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº
Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀÌ ÅÂ¾î³ °ÍÀ» °¡¸®Ä×´Ù.
| The fascination
of early superstition was the mother of the later scientific curiosity.
There was progressive dynamic emotion-fear plus curiosity-in these
primitive superstitions; there was progressive driving power in
the olden magic. These superstitions represented the emergence of
the human desire to know and to control planetary environment. | |
88:4.7 (971.1)
¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬»çÀÇ °³³äÀ» ÆľÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸¶¼úÀº ¾ß¸¸Àο¡°Ô ±×·¯ÇÑ À§·ÂÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ¿øÁË(ê«ñª) °ü³äÀº,
ÀÚ¿¬»ç¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Á¾Á·¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¶¼úÀÇ À§·ÂÀ» ¾àȽÃÅ°´Â µ¥ Å©°Ô µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬»ç¿¡ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÁË ¾ø´Â ¿ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á×À½À» ´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇѶ§´Â ±×´ÙÁö µå¹® ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¾î°¼
°í´ëÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ »¡¸® ºÒ¾î³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Â°¡ ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯À̸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¾î¶² ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ºÎÁ·µé¿¡°Ô Âü¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
°í¹ß´çÇÑ °³ÀÎÀº º¸Åë, ¾Æ´Ï Á×À½¿¡ ºÎ´ÚÃÆÀ» ¶§¿¡µµ, Á˸¦ °í¹éÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| Magic gained
such a strong hold upon the savage because he could not grasp the
concept of natural death. The later idea of original sin helped
much to weaken the grip of magic on the race in that it accounted
for natural death. It was at one time not at all uncommon for ten
innocent persons to be put to death because of supposed responsibility
for one natural death. This is one reason why ancient peoples did
not increase faster, and it is still true of some African tribes.
The accused individual usually confessed guilt, even when facing
death. | |
88:4.8 (971.2)
¸¶¼úÀº ¾ß¸¸Àο¡°Ô ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â Ä¡ÄÑ ±ðÀº ¸Ó¸®ÅÐÀ̳ª ¼ÕÅé ±ðÀº °Í¿¡ ¸¶¹ýÀ» ¾²¸é ÀûÀ» ½ÇÁ¦·Î Á×ÀÏ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ¹ì¿¡°Ô ¹°·Á Á×´Â °ÍÀº ¸¶¹ý»ç°¡ ¸¶¼úÀ» ¾´ Å¿À¸·Î µ¹·È´Ù. ¸¶¼úÀ» ÅðÄ¡ÇϱⰡ ¾î·Á¿î °ÍÀº µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ
»ç¶÷À» Á×ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼ »ý±ä´Ù. ¿ø½Ã ¹ÎÁ·µéÀº ¸¶¼úÀ» ³Ê¹«³ª ¹«¼¿öÇؼ ¸¶¼úÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î »ç¶÷À» Á׿´°í, ±×·¯ÇÑ
°á°ú´Â ÀÌ ±×¸©µÈ °ü³äÀ» ÀÔÁõÇϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇß´Ù. ½ÇÆÐÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¾î¶² ±×·²µíÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °áÇÔÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¸¶¼úÀº
´õ Å« ¸¶¼ú·Î Ä¡À¯ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| Magic is natural
to a savage. He believes that an enemy can actually be killed by
practicing sorcery on his shingled hair or fingernail trimmings.
The fatality of snake bites was attributed to the magic of the sorcerer.
The difficulty in combating magic arises from the fact that fear
can kill. Primitive peoples so feared magic that it did actually
kill, and such results were sufficient to substantiate this erroneous
belief. In case of failure there was always some plausible explanation;
the cure for defective magic was more magic. |
88:5.1 (971.3) ¸ö°ú ¿¬°áµÈ ¾î¶² °Íµµ ÁÖ¹°ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸´Ï±î, °¡Àå ¿¾ÀûÀÇ ¸¶¼úÀº ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô°ú ¼ÕÅé¤ý¹ßÅé°ú »ó°üÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸ö¿¡¼ Àß¶ó³½ °Í¿¡ µû¸¥ ºñ¹ÐÀº ÀûÀÌ ¸ö¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°í, À̸¦ ÇØ·Î¿î ¸¶¼ú¿¡ ¾µ±î ÇÏ´Â µÎ·Á¿ò¿¡¼ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¸ö¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â ¸ðµç ¹è¼³¹°Àº Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ÆĹ¯¾ú´Ù. ħÀÌ ÇØ·Î¿î ¸¶¼ú¿¡ ¾²ÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â µÎ·Á¿ò ¶§¹®¿¡, ´ëÁß ¾Õ¿¡¼ ħ¹ñ±â¸¦ »ï°¬´Ù. ¹ñÀº ħÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª µ¤¾ú´Ù. À½½Ä Â±â, ¿Ê°¡Áö¤ýÀå½ÄÇ°Á¶Â÷ ¸¶¼úÀÇ µµ±¸°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº °áÄÚ Á¦°¡ ¸Ô°í ³ ¾Æ¹« Â±âµµ ½ÄŹ¿¡ ³²°Ü µÎÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ °ü½ÀÀÌ À§»ýÀû °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» Á¶±ÝÀÌ¶óµµ ÀÌÇØÇؼ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀûÀÌ À̸¦ ¸¶¼ú ÀǽĿ¡ ¾µ±î ÇÏ´Â µÎ·Á¿ò ¶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÇàÇØÁ³´Ù. | 5. Magical Charms Since anything connected with the body could become a fetish, the earliest magic had to do with hair and nails. Secrecy attendant upon body elimination grew up out of fear that an enemy might get possession of something derived from the body and employ it in detrimental magic; all excreta of the body were therefore carefully buried. Public spitting was refrained from because of the fear that saliva would be used in deleterious magic; spittle was always covered. Even food remnants, clothing, and ornaments could become instruments of magic. The savage never left any remnants of his meal on the table. And all this was done through fear that one's enemies might use these things in magical rites, not from any appreciation of the hygienic value of such practices. | |
88:5.2 (971.4)
»ç¶÷ÀÇ »ì, È£¶ûÀÌ ¹ßÅé, ¾Ç¾î ÀÌ, µ¶ ÀÖ´Â ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ¾¾¾Ñ, ¹ì µ¶, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô°ú °°ÀÌ Å©°Ô ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹°°ÇÀ»
¼¯¾î¼ ¸¶¹ýÀÇ ºÎÀûÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. Á×Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ »À´Â ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¸¶·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹ßÀÚ±¹¿¡¼ »ý°Ü³ ¸ÕÁöÁ¶Â÷µµ ¸¶¼ú¿¡ ¾²ÀÏ
¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿¾³¯ »ç¶÷µéÀº »ç¶ûÀÇ ºÎÀûÀ» Å©°Ô ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ÇÇ¿Í ±âŸ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ºÐºñ¹°ÀÌ »ç¶ûÀÇ ¸¶¼úÀû È¿°ú¸¦ º¸ÀåÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| Magical charms
were concocted from a great variety of things: human flesh, tiger
claws, crocodile teeth, poison plant seeds, snake venom, and human
hair. The bones of the dead were very magical. Even the dust from
footprints could be used in magic. The ancients were great believers
in love charms. Blood and other forms of bodily secretions were
able to insure the magic influence of love. | |
88:5.3 (971.5)
Çü»ó(û¡ßÚ)ÀÌ ¸¶¼ú¿¡ È¿·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çü»óÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³°í, Çü»óÀ» ³ª»Ú°Ô ¶Ç´Â Àß ´Ù·ê ¶§, ¶È°°Àº È¿°ú°¡
ÁøÂ¥ ¸ö¿¡ ÀÏ¾î³´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ¹°°ÇÀ» »ì ¶§, ¹Ì½Å ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ÆÄ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸¶À½À» ºÎµå·´°Ô ÇÏ·Á°í ´Ü´ÜÇÑ ³ª¹«
Á¶°¢À» ¾Ã°ï Çß´Ù.
| Images were
supposed to be effective in magic. Effigies were made, and when
treated ill or well, the same effects were believed to rest upon
the real person. When making purchases, superstitious persons would
chew a bit of hard wood in order to soften the heart of the seller. | |
88:5.4 (971.6)
±î¸¸ ¼ÒÀÇ ¿ìÀ¯´Â »ó´çÈ÷ ¸¶·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ±î¸¸ °í¾çÀ̵µ ±×·¯Çß´Ù. ÁöÆÎÀ̳ª ¸·´ë±âµµ, ºÏ¤ýÁ¾¤ý¸Åµì°ú ÇÔ²², ¸¶·ÂÀÌ
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿¾ ¹°°ÇÀº ¸¶·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ºÎÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. »õ·Ó°Å³ª ´õ ³ôÀº ¹®¸íÀÇ °ü½ÀÀ» ÁÁÁö ¾Ê°Ô º¸¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±× °ü½ÀÀÌ
³ª»Û ¸¶¼úÀÇ ¼ºÁúÀ» °¡Á³´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±â·Ï¤ýÀμ⹰¤ý±×¸²À» ¿À·§µ¿¾È ±×·¸°Ô ¿©°å´Ù.
| The milk of
a black cow was highly magical; so also were black cats. The staff
or wand was magical, along with drums, bells, and knots. All ancient
objects were magical charms. The practices of a new or higher civilization
were looked upon with disfavor because of their supposedly evil
magical nature. Writing, printing, and pictures were long so regarded. | |
88:5.5 (971.7)
À̸§, ƯÈ÷ ½ÅµéÀÇ À̸§Àº, Á¸°æ½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ´Ù·ç¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. À̸§À» ÇϳªÀÇ °³Ã¼·Î, ½Åü¸¦ °¡Áø
Àι°°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¿µÇâÀ¸·Î ¿©°å´Ù. À̸§Àº È¥°ú ±×¸²ÀÚ¿Í ¶È°°ÀÌ Á¸ÁߵǾú´Ù. µ·À» ºô¸± ¶§ À̸§À» Àü´ç ÀâÇûÀ¸¸ç, ºô¸°
µ·À» Ä¡¸£°í ´Ù½Ã ã±â±îÁö, »ç¶÷Àº Á¦ À̸§À» ¾µ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ »ç¶÷Àº Áõ¼¿¡ Á¦ À̸§À» ¼¸íÇÑ´Ù. °³ÀÎÀÇ À̸§Àº
°ð ¸¶¼ú¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº À̸§À» µÎ °³ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ À̸§Àº º¸Åë °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾²±â¿¡ ³Ê¹« °Å·èÇÏ´Ù°í
¿©°å°í, µû¶ó¼ µÑ° À̸§, °ð ³¯¸¶´Ù ¾²´Â À̸§¡ªº°¸í¡ªÀÌ »ý°å´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº ³¸¼± »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±×ÀÇ ÁøÂ¥ À̸§À» °áÄÚ
¾Ë·Á ÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ»óÇÑ ¼ºÁúÀ» °¡Áø ¾î¶² üÇèÀ» °Þ¾îµµ À̸§À» °¥°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾î¶² ¶§´Â º´À» °íÄ¡°Å³ª ºÒ¿îÀ» ±×Ä¡°Ô
ÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Î À̸§À» °¥¾Ò´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº ºÎÁ·ÀÇ ÃßÀåÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À̸§À» »ç¼, »õ À̸§À» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ
Á÷ÇÔ°ú ÇÐÀ§¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ºÎ½Ã¸Çó·³, °¡Àå ¿ø½ÃÀû ºÎÁ·µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
| Primitive man
believed that names must be treated with respect, especially names
of the gods. The name was regarded as an entity, an influence distinct
from the physical personality; it was esteemed equally with the
soul and the shadow. Names were pawned for loans; a man could not
use his name until it had been redeemed by payment of the loan.
Nowadays one signs his name to a note. An individual's name soon
became important in magic. The savage had two names; the important
one was regarded as too sacred to use on ordinary occasions, hence
the second or everyday name-a nickname. He never told his real name
to strangers. Any experience of an unusual nature caused him to
change his name; sometimes it was in an effort to cure disease or
to stop bad luck. The savage could get a new name by buying it from
the tribal chief; men still invest in titles and degrees. But among
the most primitive tribes, such as the African Bushmen, individual
names do not exist. |
88:6.1 (972.1) ¿ä¼ú ¸·´ë±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, ¡°ÁÖ¼ú¡± ÀǽÄÀ» ÅëÇؼ, ±×¸®°í ÁÖ¹®À» ¿Ü¿òÀ¸·Î ¸¶¼úÀ» ½èÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶¼úÀ» ¾²´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ÊÀ» ¹þ°í ÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °ü½ÀÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿ø½Ã ¸¶¼ú»çµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼´Â ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ³²ÀÚº¸´Ù ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ¸¶¼ú¿¡¼ ¡°ÁÖ¼ú¡±Àº Ä¡·á°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½Åºñ¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº °áÄÚ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Ä¡·áÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¸¶¼ú Àü¹®°¡ÀÇ Á¶¾ðÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¶§¸¦ »©°í, ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº °áÄÚ ¾àÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í 20¼¼±â ºÎµÎ±³ÀÇ ÁÖ¼ú»ç´Â ¿¾³¯ ¸¶¼ú»çÀÇ ÀüÇüÀÌ´Ù. | 6. The Practice of Magic Magic was practiced through the use of wands, "medicine" ritual, and incantations, and it was customary for the practitioner to work unclothed. Women outnumbered the men among primitive magicians. In magic, "medicine" means mystery, not treatment. The savage never doctored himself; he never used medicines except on the advice of the specialists in magic. And the voodoo doctors of the twentieth century are typical of the magicians of old. | |
88:6.2 (972.2)
¸¶¼ú¿¡´Â ´ëÁß ´Ü°è¿Í °³ÀÎ ´Ü°è°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÁÖ¼ú»ç¤ý»þ¸Õ, ¶Ç´Â »çÁ¦°¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÎÁ· ÀüüÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í
»ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿©ÀÚ ¸¶¼ú»ç¤ý¿ä¼ú»ç¤ý¸¶¹ý»ç´Â »ç»ç·Î¿î ¸¶¼ú, °³ÀÎÀûÀÌ°í À̱âÀûÀÎ ¸¶¼úÀ» ½ÃÇàÇß°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ Àûµé¿¡°Ô
ºÒ¿îÀ» °¡Á®¿À´Â °Á¦ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î¼ ¾²¿´´Ù. ÀÌ¿µ(ì£çÏ), ÁÁÀº ¿µ°ú ³ª»Û ¿µÀÇ °³³äÀº ¹é¸¶¼ú°ú È渶¼úÀ» ¹Ï´Â ÈÄÀÏÀÇ
°ü³äÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù. Á¾±³°¡ ÁøÈÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ¸¶¼úÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¾ÆÄ ¹Ù±ù¿¡¼ ¿µ È°µ¿¿¡ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¿ë¾î¿´°í, ¸¶¼úÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ±Í½ÅÀ»
¹Ï´Â ´õ ¿À·¡ µÈ ½Å¾Ó¿¡µµ Àû¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| There was both
a public and a private phase to magic. That performed by the medicine
man, shaman, or priest was supposed to be for the good of the whole
tribe. Witches, sorcerers, and wizards dispensed private magic,
personal and selfish magic which was employed as a coercive method
of bringing evil on one's enemies. The concept of dual spiritism,
good and bad spirits, gave rise to the later beliefs in white and
black magic. And as religion evolved, magic was the term applied
to spirit operations outside one's own cult, and it also referred
to older ghost beliefs. | |
88:6.3 (972.3)
³¹¸»ÀÇ Á¶ÇÕ, Âù¼Û°¡¿Í ÁÖ¹®À» ¿Ü¿ì´Â ÀǽÄ(ëðãÒ)Àº ¾îÁö°£ÇÑ ¸¶¼úÀ̾ú´Ù. Ãʱ⿡ ¾²ÀÎ ¾î¶² ÁÖ¹®Àº ¸¶Ä§³» ±âµµ·Î ÁøÈÇß´Ù.
Èä³»³»´Â ¸¶¼úÀÌ ´çÀå¿¡ ½ÇÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¬Ãâ·Î ±âµµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³Â°í, ¸¶¼ú ÃãÀº ±ØÀûÀÎ ±âµµ(Ñ·Ôª)¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±âµµ´Â
Èñ»ý¿¡ ºÎ¼öµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼, Â÷Ãû ¸¶¼úÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| Word combinations,
the ritual of chants and incantations, were highly magical. Some
early incantations finally evolved into prayers. Presently, imitative
magic was practiced; prayers were acted out; magical dances were
nothing but dramatic prayers. Prayer gradually displaced magic as
the associate of sacrifice. | |
88:6.4 (972.4)
¼ÕÁþÀº ¾ð¾îº¸´Ù ´õ ¿À·¡ µÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï±î, ´õ °Å·èÇÏ°í ¸¶·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, Èä³»³»±â´Â °ÇÑ ¸¶·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. È«ÀÎÀº ÈçÈ÷
¹°¼Ò ÃãÀ» ¿¬ÃâÇß°í, ±× Ãã¿¡¼ ±×µé °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª°¡ ¹°¼Ò ³ë¸©À» ¿¬±âÇÏ°í, ÀâÇô¼, ´Ù°¡¿À´Â »ç³ÉÀÌ ¼º°øÇÒ °ÍÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ°ï
Çß´Ù. 5¿ùÁ¦ÀÇ ¼º(àõ) ÀÜÄ¡´Â ´ÜÁö Èä³»³»´Â ¸¶¼úÀ̾ú°í, ½Ä¹° ¼¼°èÀÇ ¼ºÀÇ Á¤¿¿¡ ¾Ï½Ã·Î È£¼ÒÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÎÇü(ìÑû¡)Àº
óÀ½¿¡ ¾Æ±â ¸ø ³º´Â ¾Æ³»ÇÑÅ× ¸¶¼ú ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î¼ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Gesture, being
older than speech, was the more holy and magical, and mimicry was
believed to have strong magical power. The red men often staged
a buffalo dance in which one of their number would play the part
of a buffalo and, in being caught, would insure the success of the
impending hunt. The sex festivities of May Day were simply imitative
magic, a suggestive appeal to the sex passions of the plant world.
The doll was first employed as a magic talisman by the barren wife.
| |
88:6.5 (972.5)
¸¶¼úÀº ÁøÈÇÏ´Â Á¾±³Àû ³ª¹«¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â °¡Áö¿´°í, °á±¹ °úÇÐ ½Ã´ë¶ó´Â ¿¸Å¸¦ ¸Î¾ú´Ù. Á¡¼º¼úÀ» ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀº õ¹®ÇÐÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ¸·Î
À̲ø¾ú´Ù. öÇÐÀÚÀÇ µ¹À» ¹Ï´Â ½Å¾ÓÀº ±Ý¼ÓÀÇ Åë´Þ·Î À̲ø¾ú°í, ¸¶¹ýÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀº ¼öÇÐÀÇ ±âÃʸ¦ ½×¾Ò´Ù.
| Magic was the
branch off the evolutionary religious tree which eventually bore
the fruit of a scientific age. Belief in astrology led to the development
of astronomy; belief in a philosopher's stone led to the mastery
of metals, while belief in magic numbers founded the science of
mathematics. | |
88:6.6 (972.6)
±×·¯³ª ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÁÖ °¡µæ Âù ¼¼°è´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ ¸ðµç Æ÷ºÎ¿Í âÀÇ·ÂÀ» ¾ø¾Ö´Â µ¥ ¸¹ÀÌ ±â¿©Çß´Ù. ´õ ³ë·ÂÇϰųª ºÎÁö·±ÇÏ¿©
¾òÀº ¿¸Å´Â ¸¶¼ú·Î °£ÁֵǾú´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ôº¸´Ù µé¿¡¼ ¾Ë°îÀ» ´õ °ÅµÎ¸é, ÃßÀå¿¡°Ô ¸¶±¸ ²ø·Á°¡¼ °ÔÀ¸¸¥ ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ µé¿¡¼
ÀÌ ¿©ºÐÀÇ °î½ÄÀ» ²¿¿© °¬´Ù°í °í¹ß´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Á¤¸»·Î, ¹Ì°³ÇÑ ½ÃÀý¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀº À§ÇèÇß°í, ¾ðÁ¦³ª
Èæ(ýÙ) ¸¶¼ú»ç·Î¼ »çÇü´çÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| But a world
so filled with charms did much to destroy all personal ambition
and initiative. The fruits of extra labor or of diligence were looked
upon as magical. If a man had more grain in his field than his neighbor,
he might be haled before the chief and charged with enticing this
extra grain from the indolent neighbor's field. Indeed, in the days
of barbarism it was dangerous to know very much; there was always
the chance of being executed as a black artist. | |
88:6.7 (972.7)
Â÷Ãû °úÇÐÀÌ »ýÈ°¿¡¼ ³ë¸§ ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Çö´ë ±³À° ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇÑ´Ù¸é, °ÅÀÇ Áï½Ã ¿ø½ÃÀÇ ¸¶¼úÀ» ¹Ï´Â
½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹Ì½ÅÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ À̸¥¹Ù ¹®¸íÈµÈ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸Ó¸® ¼Ó¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ¹®¿¡ Ȧ¸°´Ù,
º° ÀÚ¸®°¡ ³ª»Ú´Ù, ±Í½Å µé¸°´Ù, ¿µ°¨(ÖÄÊï), ±Í½Åó·³ »ç¶óÁø´Ù, ÀçÁÖ°¡ ¸¹´Ù, ±Í½Å¿¡ Ȧ¸°´Ù, õµÕ ¸Â´Â´Ù, ±ô¦
³î¶õ´Ù´Â ¸»Ã³·³, ¾ð¾î´Â ±× Á¾Á·ÀÌ ¸¶¼úÀÇ ¹Ì½Å¿¡ ¿À·§µ¿¾È Á¥¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¾ðÇϴ ȼ®(ûùà´)À» ¸¹ÀÌ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÁöÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Çà¿î, ¾ÇÇÑ ´«, Á¡¼º¼úÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù.
| Gradually
science is removing the gambling element from life. But if modern
methods of education should fail, there would be an almost immediate
reversion to the primitive beliefs in magic. These superstitions
still linger in the minds of many so-called civilized people. Language
contains many fossils which testify that the race has long been
steeped in magical superstition, such words as spellbound, ill-starred,
possessions, inspiration, spirit away, ingenuity, entrancing, thunderstruck,
and astonished. And intelligent human beings still believe in good
luck, evil eye, and astrology. | |
88:6.8 (973.1)
¿¾ÀûÀÇ ¸¶¼úÀº Çö´ë °úÇÐÀ» ³ºÀº °íÄ¡À̸ç, ±× ½Ã´ë¿¡ ºÒ°¡°áÇßÀ¸³ª ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ ¾µ¸ð°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¹«ÁöÇÑ ¹Ì½ÅÀ¸·Î °¡µæ
Âù °ø»óÀº °úÇÐÀÇ °³³äÀÌ Å¾ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¶§±îÁö, »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿ø½Ã Áö¼ºÀ» Èçµé¾î ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ´Â ÀÌ ÁöÀû
ÁøÈ¿¡¼ ȲȥÀÌ Àú¹«´Â Áö´ë¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼¼°èÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀÌ Áø¸®ÀÇ ºû°ú °úÇÐÀ¸·Î ¹ß°ßÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ» ¿½ÉÈ÷ ¿òÄÑÁã°í ÀÖ°í, ÇÑÆí
³ª¸ÓÁö ¹ÝÀº ¿¾ÀûÀÇ ¹Ì½Å, ±×·¯³ª ¾âÆÅÇÏ°Ô °¡ÀåµÈ ¸¶¼úÀÇ ÆÈ¿¡ ¾È°Ü ½Ãµé°í ÀÖ´Ù.
| Ancient magic
was the cocoon of modern science, indispensable in its time but
now no longer useful. And so the phantasms of ignorant superstition
agitated the primitive minds of men until the concepts of science
could be born. Today, Urantia is in the twilight zone of this intellectual
evolution. One half the world is grasping eagerly for the light
of truth and the facts of scientific discovery, while the other
half languishes in the arms of ancient superstition and but thinly
disguised magic. | |
88:6.9 (973.2)
[³×¹Ùµ·ÀÇ ÇÑ Âù¶õÇÑ Àú³áº°ÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.]
| [Presented
by a Brilliant Evening Star of Nebadon.] |