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Paper 81
Development of Modern Civilization
81:0.1 (900.1) Ä®¸®°¡½ºÆ¼¾Æ¿Í ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¿¡¼­ ¿¹»óÇß´ø, ¼¼»ó °³¼± °èȹÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇÔÀ¸·Î »ý±ä º¯µ¿°ú »ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, Àΰ£ÀÇ Áøº¸¿Í Á¾Á·ÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» Àç´Â ´«±ÝÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§ ÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ ±âº» À¯±âüÀÇ ÁøÈ­´Â Á¾Á·µéÀ» °è¼Ó ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁøÈ­´Â ´ÊÃâ ¼ö À־ ¸ØÃâ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
Regardless of the ups and downs of the miscarriage of the plans for world betterment projected in the missions of Caligastia and Adam, the basic organic evolution of the human species continued to carry the races forward in the scale of human progress and racial development. Evolution can be delayed but it cannot be stopped.
81:0.2 (900.2) º¸¶ó ÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀº, °èȹÇß´ø °Íº¸´Ù ¼ö°¡ Àû±â´Â Ç߾ ¹®¸íÀÇ Áøº¸¸¦ ³º¾Ò°í, ÀÌ ¿µÇâÀº ¾Æ´ã ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ¿¡, Àηù°¡ °ÅÀÇ 1¹é¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È, ÀÌÀüÀÇ Á¸Àç Àüü¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ Áøº¸Çß´ø °Íº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ÄÇ´Ù.
The influence of the violet race, though in numbers smaller than had been planned, produced an advance in civilization which, since the days of Adam, has far exceeded the progress of mankind throughout its entire previous existence of almost a million years.

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1. ¹®¸íÀÇ ¿ä¶÷

81:1.1 (900.3) ¾Æ´ã ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ·Î ¾à 3¸¸ 5õ ³â µ¿¾È, ¹®¸íÀÇ ¿ä¶÷Àº ¼­³² ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ³ªÀÏ °­ À¯¿ªÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î, Á¶±Ý ºÏÂÊ¿¡ ¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ ºÏºÎ¸¦ °¡·ÎÁö¸£°í, ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾Æ¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀ¸·Î °è¼Ó »¸¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±âÈÄ´Â ±× ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¹®¸íÀ» ¼¼¿ì´Â µ¥ °áÁ¤Àû ¿äÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù.

1. The Cradle of Civilization

For about thirty-five thousand years after the days of Adam, the cradle of civilization was in southwestern Asia, extending from the Nile valley eastward and slightly to the north across northern Arabia, through Mesopotamia, and on into Turkestan. And climate was the decisive factor in the establishment of civilization in that area.

81:1.2 (900.4) ¾Æ´ã Á·¼ÓÀÇ Ãʱâ À̵¿À» ±×Ä¡°Ô ÇÑ °ÍÀº ºÏ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í ¼­ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø Å« ±âÈÄ ¹× ÁöÁúÇÐÀû º¯È­¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº È®´ëµÈ ÁöÁßÇØ·Î ±×µéÀ» À¯·´ ¹æÇâ¿¡¼­ ¸·°í, À̹ÎÀÇ ¹°°áÀ» ºÏÂÊ°ú µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î, Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀ¸·Î, »©µ¹·È´Ù. À°Áö°¡ ¿Ã¶ó¿À°í ±×¿¡ µû¶ó ±âÈÄÀÇ º¯È­°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±×Ä¥ ¶§°¡ µÇ¾î, ±â¿øÀü ¾à 15,000³â¿¡, µ¿ÂÊ¿¡´Â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ »ê¸ÆÀ¸·Î, ¼­ÂÊ¿¡´Â À¯·´¿¡¼­ È®´ëµÇ´Â ½£À¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °¤Çô ÀÖ´ø ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÇ ¹®È­Àû È¿¼Ò¿Í »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ºñÃàÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, ¹®¸íÀº ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¸·´Ù¸¥ °ñ¸ñ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö Á¤Ã¼µÇ¾ú´Ù.
It was the great climatic and geologic changes in northern Africa and western Asia that terminated the early migrations of the Adamites, barring them from Europe by the expanded Mediterranean and diverting the stream of migration north and east into Turkestan. By the time of the completion of these land elevations and associated climatic changes, about 15,000 B.C., civilization had settled down to a world-wide stalemate except for the cultural ferments and biologic reserves of the Andites still confined by mountains to the east in Asia and by the expanding forests in Europe to the west.
81:1.3 (900.5) ±âÈÄÀÇ ÁøÈ­´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­, À¯¶ó½Ã¾Æ »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý »ç³ÉÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ´õ Áøº¸µÈ µ¿¹° ±â¸£±â¿Í ³ó»ç Á÷Á¾À» °¡Áö¶ó°í °­¿äÇÑ´Ù. ÁøÈ­´Â ´À¸±±î ½ÍÁö¸¸, ¹«¼·°Ô È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
Climatic evolution is now about to accomplish what all other efforts had failed to do, that is, to compel Eurasian man to abandon hunting for the more advanced callings of herding and farming. Evolution may be slow, but it is terribly effective.
81:1.4 (900.6) ÃʱâÀÇ ³ó»ç²ÛµéÀÌ ³ë¿¹µéÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ ³Î¸® ÀÌ¿ëÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡, ³óºÎ´Â ¿¹Àü¿¡ »ç³É²Û°ú ¸ñÀÚ ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ¾÷½Å¿©±èÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù µ¿¾È ¶¥À» °æÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº õÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÈëÀ» ¸¸Áö´Â ÀÏÀº ÀúÁÖ¶ó´Â °³³äÀÌ »ý°å´Âµ¥, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÈëÀ¸·Î ¼ö°íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç Ãູ °¡¿îµ¥ À¸¶äÀÌ´Ù. Ä«Àΰú ¾Æº§ÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡µµ ¸ñÃà »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÙÄ¡´Â °ÍÀº ³ó»ê¹°À» µå¸®´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀÌ ¿©°å´Ù.
Since slaves were so generally employed by the earlier agriculturists, the farmer was formerly looked down on by both the hunter and the herder. For ages it was considered menial to till the soil; wherefore the idea that soil toil is a curse, whereas it is the greatest of all blessings. Even in the days of Cain and Abel the sacrifices of the pastoral life were held in greater esteem than the offerings of agriculture.
81:1.5 (900.7) »ç¶÷Àº º¸Åë »ç³É²ÛÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¸ñÀÚÀÇ ½Ã±â¸¦ °ÅÃļ­ ¹Ù²î¾î ³ó»ç²ÛÀ¸·Î ÁøÈ­ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Èµå Á·¼Ó »çÀÌ¿¡ Âü¸»À̾úÁö¸¸, ±×º¸´Ù ´õ ÈçÇÏ°Ô, ±âÈÄÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä¿¡ µû¸¥ ÁøÈ­Àû °­¿ä°¡ ºÎÁ· Àüü¸¦ »ç³É²ÛÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼º°øÀû ³óºÎ·Î ¹Ù·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡µµ·Ï ¸¸µé°ï Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç³É¿¡¼­ ³ó»ç·Î ¹Ù·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡´Â ÀÌ Çö»óÀº, º¸¶ó ÇÍÁÙ°ú ³ôÀº Á¤µµ·Î Á¾Á·ÀÌ È¥ÇÕµÈ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­¸¸ ÀϾ´Ù.
Man ordinarily evolved into a farmer from a hunter by transition through the era of the herder, and this was also true among the Andites, but more often the evolutionary coercion of climatic necessity would cause whole tribes to pass directly from hunters to successful farmers. But this phenomenon of passing immediately from hunting to agriculture only occurred in those regions where there was a high degree of race mixture with the violet stock.
81:1.6 (901.1) ÁøÈ­ ¹ÎÁ·µé(ƯÈ÷ Áß±¹ÀÎ)Àº, ¾î¼´Ù°¡ ÃàÃàÇÏ°Ô µÈ ¾¾³ª Á×Àº ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹«´ý¿¡ µÐ ¾¾°¡ ½ÏÆ®´Â °ÍÀ» ÁöÄѺ½À¸·Î, ¾¾¸¦ ½É°í ³óÀÛ¹° Àç¹èÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ü´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼­³² ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ µÎ·ç, ±â¸§Áø °­ ¹Ù´Ú°ú ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ Æò¾ß¸¦ µû¶ó¼­, ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀº ¼±Á¶·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹°·Á¹ÞÀº °³·®µÈ ³ó¾÷ ±â¼úÀ» ¾²°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±× ¼±Á¶´Â µÑ° µ¿»êÀÇ Å׵θ® ¾È¿¡¼­ ³ó¾÷°ú ä¼Ò °¡²Ù±â¸¦ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ Á÷¾÷À¸·Î »ï¾Ò´Ù.
The evolutionary peoples (notably the Chinese) early learned to plant seeds and to cultivate crops through observation of the sprouting of seeds accidentally moistened or which had been put in graves as food for the departed. But throughout southwest Asia, along the fertile river bottoms and adjacent plains, the Andites were carrying out the improved agricultural techniques inherited from their ancestors, who had made farming and gardening the chief pursuits within the boundaries of the second garden.
81:1.7 (901.2) ¸îõ ³â µ¿¾È ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ÀÚ¼ÕµéÀº, ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾ÆÀÇ À§ÂÊ °æ°è¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °íÁö Àü¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃļ­, µ¿»ê¿¡¼­ °³·®ÇÑ ¹Ð°ú º¸¸®¸¦ ½É¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ´ã°ú ¾Æ´ã¼ÕÀÇ ÀÚ¼ÕµéÀº ¿©±â¼­ ¸¸³ª¼­ ¹«¿ªÇÏ°í, »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¯¿´´Ù.
For thousands of years the descendants of Adam had grown wheat and barley, as improved in the Garden, throughout the highlands of the upper border of Mesopotamia. The descendants of Adam and Adamson here met, traded, and socially mingled.
81:1.8 (901.3) »ýÈ° Á¶°ÇÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô °­Á¦·Î º¯È­µÈ °ÍÀº ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº ºñÀ²ÀÇ Àηù·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ½Ä»ýÈ° °ü½À¿¡¼­ Àâ½ÄÀ» Çϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ð¤ý½Ò¤ýä¼Ò·Î µÈ ½Ä»ç(ãÝÞÀ)¿Í °¡ÃàÀÇ °í±â¸¦ ¼¯¾î ¸Ô´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ °í´ë ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ °Ç°­°ú È°·Â ¸é¿¡¼­ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡´Â Å« °ÉÀ½À» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù.
It was these enforced changes in living conditions which caused such a large proportion of the human race to become omnivorous in dietetic practice. And the combination of the wheat, rice, and vegetable diet with the flesh of the herds marked a great forward step in the health and vigor of these ancient peoples.

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2. ¹®¸íÀÇ µµ±¸

81:2.1 (901.4) ¹®È­ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀº ¹®¸íÀÇ µµ±¸(Ô³Îý)°¡ ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ß¸¸À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Ã¶ó°¡¸é¼­ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ µµ±¸´Â ±× µµ±¸°¡ ´õ ³ôÀº °úÁ¦¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀηÂÀ» ÇعæÇÏ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±× Çѵµ±îÁö È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

2. The Tools of Civilization

The growth of culture is predicated upon the development of the tools of civilization. And the tools which man utilized in his ascent from savagery were effective just to the extent that they released man power for the accomplishment of higher tasks.

81:2.2 (901.5) »çȸÀû ¸é¿¡¼­ ¹®È­°¡ ½ÏÆ®°í Áøº¸°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ Çö´ëÀÇ Àå¸é¿¡¼­ Áö±Ý »ç´Â ³ÊÈñ´Â, »çȸ¿Í ¹®¸í¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© »ý°¢ÇÒ ¿©ºÐÀÇ °Ü¸¦ÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î Á¶±Ý Àִµ¥, ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¿¾ ¼±Á¶µéÀÌ ±íÀÌ µ¹ÀÌÄѺ¸°í »çȸÀûÀÎ »ý°¢À» ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¹ÙÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿©°¡°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¶Ç´Â µµ¹«Áö ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» °£°úÇؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
You who now live amid latter-day scenes of budding culture and beginning progress in social affairs, who actually have some little spare time in which to think about society and civilization, must not overlook the fact that your early ancestors had little or no leisure which could be devoted to thoughtful reflection and social thinking.
81:2.3 (901.6) Àΰ£ÀÇ ¹®¸í¿¡¼­ óÀ½ 4´ë Áøº¸´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°¾Ò´Ù:
The first four great advances in human civilization were:

81:2.4 (901.7) 1. ºÒÀ» ´Ù·ç±â.

81:2.5 (901.8) 2. µ¿¹° ±æµéÀ̱â.

81:2.6 (901.9) 3. Æ÷·Î¸¦ ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µç °Í.

81:2.7 (901.10) 4. »çÀ¯(Þçêó) Àç»ê.

1. The taming of fire.

2. The domestication of animals.

3. The enslavement of captives.

4. Private property.

81:2.8 (901.11) ºÒÀº óÀ½À¸·Î Å« ¹ß°ßÀ̾ú°í ±Ã±Ø¿¡ °úÇÐ ¼¼°è¿¡ À̸£´Â ¹®À» ¿­¾úÁö¸¸, ÀÌ Á¡¿¡¼­ ¿ø½ÃÀο¡°Ô °ÅÀÇ °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ º¸Åë Çö»óÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
While fire, the first great discovery, eventually unlocked the doors of the scientific world, it was of little value in this regard to primitive man. He refused to recognize natural causes as explanations for commonplace phenomena.
81:2.9 (901.12) ¾îµð¿¡¼­ ºÒÀÌ ¿Ô´Â°¡ Áú¹®À» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ¾Èµ·°ú ºÎ½Ëµ¹ÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ À̾߱â´Â, ¾î¶² ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺¶ó´Â ÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ºÒÀ» Çϴ÷κÎÅÍ ÈÉÃƴ°¡ ÇÏ´Â Àü¼³·Î °ð ´ëüµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¾³¯ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¸ö¼Ò ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ¹üÀ§ ¹Ù±ùÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿¬ Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÃÊÀÚ¿¬Àû ¼³¸íÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ¾Ö½è´Ù. ¸¹Àº Çö´ëÀεµ °è¼Ó ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¥¹Ù ÀÚ¿¬ Çö»óÀ» ºñÀÎ°Ý Çö»óÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀÌ °É·È°í, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Âü ¿øÀÎÀ» ã´Â ¼ÖÁ÷ÇÏ°í Á¤Á÷ÇÏ°í µÎ·Á¿ò ¾ø´Â ¿¬±¸°¡ Çö´ë °úÇÐÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù: ±×·± ¿¬±¸°¡ Á¡¼ºÇÐÀ» õ¹®ÇÐÀ¸·Î, ¿¬±Ý¼úÀ» È­ÇÐÀ¸·Î, ¸¶¼úÀ» ÀǼú(ì¢âú)·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù.
When asked where fire came from, the simple story of Andon and the flint was soon replaced by the legend of how some Prometheus stole it from heaven. The ancients sought a supernatural explanation for all natural phenomena not within the range of their personal comprehension; and many moderns continue to do this. The depersonalization of so-called natural phenomena has required ages, and it is not yet completed. But the frank, honest, and fearless search for true causes gave birth to modern science: It turned astrology into astronomy, alchemy into chemistry, and magic into medicine.
81:2.10 (901.13) ±â°è°¡ »ý±â±â Àü ½Ã´ë¿¡, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½º½º·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÏÀ» Çس¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº µ¿¹°ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ̾ú´Ù. µ¿¹°À» ±æµéÀÎ °ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¿¬ÀåÀ» Áã¾î ÁÖ¾ú°í, µ¿¹°À» ¿µ¸®ÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³ó¾÷°ú ¼ö¼ÛÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±æÀ» ÁغñÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¿¹°ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ, »ç¶÷Àº ¿ø½Ã »óÅ·κÎÅÍ ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ¹®¸í ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¥ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
In the premachine age the only way in which man could accomplish work without doing it himself was to use an animal. Domestication of animals placed in his hands living tools, the intelligent use of which prepared the way for both agriculture and transportation. And without these animals man could not have risen from his primitive estate to the levels of subsequent civilization.
81:2.11 (902.1) ±æµéÀ̱⿡ °¡Àå Àû´çÇÑ µ¿¹°ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­, ƯÈ÷ Áß¾Ó Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ¼­³² Áö¿ª¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¾î°¼­ ¼¼°èÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î´À ºÎºÐº¸´Ù ±× À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¹®¸íÀÌ ´õ »¡¸® Áøº¸Çߴ°¡ ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¿´´Ù. ÀÌ µ¿¹° Áß¿¡ ´Ù¼ö´Â µÎ ¹øÀ̳ª ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±æµéÀÎ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¾Èµå Á·¼Ó ½Ã´ë¿¡ ±× µ¿¹°À» ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹ø ±æµé¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °³´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·¡ ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡, ûÀÎÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ µÚ·Î ´Ã »ç³É²Û°ú ÇÔ²² ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
Most of the animals best suited to domestication were found in Asia, especially in the central to southwest regions. This was one reason why civilization progressed faster in that locality than in other parts of the world. Many of these animals had been twice before domesticated, and in the Andite age they were retamed once again. But the dog had remained with the hunters ever since being adopted by the blue man long, long before.
81:2.12 (902.2) Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀÇ ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀº ¸»À» ³Î¸® ±æµéÀΠù ¹ÎÁ·À̾ú°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¾î°¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ¹®È­°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö¹èÇߴ°¡ ÇÏ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù. ±â¿øÀü 5000³âÀÌ µÇÀÚ, ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾Æ¤ýÅõ¸£Å°½ºÅº¤ýÁß±¹ÀÇ ³óºÎµéÀº ¾ç¤ý¿°¼Ò¤ý¼Ò¤ý³«Å¸, ¸»¤ý°¡±Ý¤ýÄÚ³¢¸®¸¦ ±â¸£±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº Ȳ¼Ò¤ý³«Å¸¤ý¸»¤ý¾ßÅ©¸¦ Áü ½Æ´Â Áü½ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇß´Ù. ¹Ù·Î »ç¶÷Àº ÇѶ§ ÁüÀ» ºÎ¸®´Â Áü½ÂÀ̾ú´Ù. ûÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ ¾î´À ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ´Â ÇѶ§ ±×ÀÇ Áü²Û °Å·ùÁö¿¡ 10¸¸ ¸íÀ» °Å´À¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
The Andites of Turkestan were the first peoples to extensively domesticate the horse, and this is another reason why their culture was for so long predominant. By 5000 B.C. the Mesopotamian, Turkestan, and Chinese farmers had begun the raising of sheep, goats, cows, camels, horses, fowls, and elephants. They employed as beasts of burden the ox, camel, horse, and yak. Man was himself at one time the beast of burden. One ruler of the blue race once had one hundred thousand men in his colony of burden bearers.
81:2.13 (902.3) ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ¿Í ÅäÁö¸¦ »çÀ¯(Þçêó)ÇÏ´Â Á¦µµ´Â ³ó¾÷°ú ÇÔ²² ¿Ô´Ù. ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ´Â ÁÖÀÎÀÇ »ýÈ° ¼öÁØÀ» ³ô¿© ÁÖ¾ú°í, »çȸÀÇ ¹®È­¸¦ ´©¸± ¿©°¡¸¦ ´õ ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
The institutions of slavery and private ownership of land came with agriculture. Slavery raised the master's standard of living and provided more leisure for social culture.
81:2.14 (902.4) ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº ÀÚ¿¬¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â ³ë¿¹ÀÌÁö¸¸, °úÇÐ ¹®¸íÀº õõÈ÷ Àηù¿¡°Ô ´Ã¾î³ª´Â ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿¹°¤ýºÒ¤ý¹Ù¶÷¤ý¹°¤ýÀü±â, ±×¸®°í ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¿¡³ÊÁö ±Ù¿øÀ» ÅëÇؼ­, »ç¶÷Àº ½¯»õ¾øÀÌ ¼ö°íÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÇعæÇß°í, ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ °è¼Ó ÇعæÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±â°è¸¦ dzºÎÇÏ°Ô ¹ß¸íÇÔÀ¸·Î »ý±â´Â ÀϽÃÀû ¾î·Á¿ò°ú »ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, ±×·¯ÇÑ ±â°è ¹ß¸íÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò°Ô µÇ´Â ±Ã±ØÀÇ À̵æÀº Ãø·®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ´Â »õ·Ó°í ´õ ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ°í, °èȹÇÏ°í, »ó»óÇÒ ¿©°¡¸¦ °¡Áú ¶§±îÁö, ¹®¸íÀº ¼¼¿öÁö±â´ÂÄ¿³ç, °áÄÚ ¹ø¿µÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
The savage is a slave to nature, but scientific civilization is slowly conferring increasing liberty on mankind. Through animals, fire, wind, water, electricity, and other undiscovered sources of energy, man has liberated, and will continue to liberate, himself from the necessity for unremitting toil. Regardless of the transient trouble produced by the prolific invention of machinery, the ultimate benefits to be derived from such mechanical inventions are inestimable. Civilization can never flourish, much less be established, until man has leisure to think, to plan, to imagine new and better ways of doing things.
81:2.15 (902.5) »ç¶÷Àº ¸ÕÀú Àº½Åó¸¦ ´ÜÁö ÃëÇÏ°í, ¹ÙÀ§ ¼±¹Ý ¹Ø¿¡ »ì°Å³ª µ¿±¼¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇß´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ³ª¹«¿Í µ¹ °°Àº õ¿¬ Àç·á¸¦ °¡Á· ¿ò¸·À» Áþ´Â µ¥ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ÁýÀ» Áþ´Â âÁ¶ ´Ü°è¿¡ µé¾î°¬°í, º®µ¹°ú ±âŸ °ÇÃà ÀÚÀç ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù.
Man first simply appropriated his shelter, lived under ledges or dwelt in caves. Next he adapted such natural materials as wood and stone to the creation of family huts. Lastly he entered the creative stage of home building, learned to manufacture brick and other building materials.
81:2.16 (902.6) Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅº °íÁöÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀº Çö´ë¿¡ °¡±î¿î Á¾Á·µé Áß¿¡¼­ óÀ½À¸·Î ³ª¹«·Î ÁýÀ» Áö¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÁýµéÀº ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡ °³Ã´ÇÏ¿© Á¤ÁÖÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Ãʱ⿡ ÁöÀº Å볪¹« Áý°ú ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¸£Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Æò¾ß¿¡ µÎ·ç, Àΰ£ÀÇ °Åó´Â º®µ¹·Î Áö¾úÀ¸¸ç, ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ±¸¿î º®µ¹À» ½è´Ù.
The peoples of the Turkestan highlands were the first of the more modern races to build their homes of wood, houses not at all unlike the early log cabins of the American pioneer settlers. Throughout the plains human dwellings were made of brick; later on, of burned bricks.
81:2.17 (902.7) °­°¡¿¡ »ì´ø ÀÌÀüÀÇ Á¾Á·µéÀº ¶¥¿¡, µ¿±×¶ó¹Ì ¾È¿¡ ³ôÀº Àå´ëµéÀ» ¼¼¿ö¼­ ¿ò¸·À» Áö¾ú´Ù. ²À´ë±âµéÀ» Çѵ¥ ¸ð¾Æ¼­, ¿ò¸·À» À§ÇÑ »À´ë¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °¡·ÎÁö¸£´Â °¥´ë·Î ¿«¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÛÇ° Àüü°¡ ¾þ¾îÁø Å« ±¤ÁÖ¸® °°¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ ÀÌ ±¸Á¶¹°¿¡ ÁøÈë Ä¥À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇÞºû¿¡ ¸»¸° ´ÙÀ½, ¾ÆÁÖ ¾µ¸ð ÀÖ´Â °Åó, ºñ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ °ßµð´Â °Åó°¡ µÇ°ï Çß´Ù.
The older river races made their huts by setting tall poles in the ground in a circle; the tops were then brought together, making the skeleton frame for the hut, which was interlaced with transverse reeds, the whole creation resembling a huge inverted basket. This structure could then be daubed over with clay and, after drying in the sun, would make a very serviceable weatherproof habitation.
81:2.18 (902.8) ÀÌ ÃʱâÀÇ ¿ò¸·À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ³ªÁß¿¡ ¿Â°® Á¾·ùÀÇ ±¤ÁÖ¸®¸¦ Â¥´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ µû·Î »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. ÇÑ Áý´Ü »çÀÌ¿¡¼­, µµ±â(Ô¶Ðï)¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â »ý°¢Àº ÀÌ Àå´ë ƲÀ» Á¥Àº ÁøÈëÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¸£´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ÁöÄѺ¸´Â µ¥¼­ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. ±¸¿ö¼­ µµ±â¸¦ ´Ü´ÜÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¹ýÀº ÁøÈëÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¸¥ ÀÌ ¿ø½Ã ¿ò¸· Áß Çϳª°¡ ¾î¼´Ù°¡ Ÿ´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¾ ½ÃÀýÀÇ ¿©·¯ ±â¼úÀº Ãʱ⠹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ ÀÏ»ó »ýÈ°¿¡ µû¸£´Â ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡¼­ »ý±â´Â ÀûÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. Àû¾îµµ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ, ¾Æ´ãÀÌ ¿Ã ¶§±îÁö, Àηù°¡ ÁøÈ­ÇÏ´Â ¹ß°ÉÀ½¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© °ÅÀÇ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î Âü¸»À̾ú´Ù.
It was from these early huts that the subsequent idea of all sorts of basket weaving independently originated. Among one group the idea of making pottery arose from observing the effects of smearing these pole frameworks with moist clay. The practice of hardening pottery by baking was discovered when one of these clay-covered primitive huts accidentally burned. The arts of olden days were many times derived from the accidental occurrences attendant upon the daily life of early peoples. At least, this was almost wholly true of the evolutionary progress of mankind up to the coming of Adam.

81:2.19 (903.1) ¾à 50¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ¿µÁÖÀÇ Âü¸ðÁøÀÌ µµ±â¸¦ óÀ½À¸·Î ¼Ò°³ÇßÁö¸¸, ÁøÈë ±×¸©À» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀº 15¸¸ ³âÀÌ ³Ñµµ·Ï ½ÇÁö·Î ±×ÃÆ´Ù. ¿À·ÎÁö ±× ¸¸(ؽ)ÀÇ[1] ¹Ù´å°¡¿¡, ¼ö¸Þ¸£ ÀÌÀüÀÇ ³ò Á·¼ÓÀÌ °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ÁøÈë ±×¸©À» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. µµ±â¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ±â¼úÀº ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡ ºÎÈ°µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀÇ ÀüÆÄ´Â ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, ¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ, Áß¾Ó ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ »ç¸· Áö¿ªÀÌ »¸´Â °Í°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀϾ°í, °³·®µÈ ±â¼úÀÌ ¿¬´Þ¾Æ Æĵµ¸¦ ÀÌ·ç¾î ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾Æ·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Ù±ùÀ¸·Î µ¿¹Ý±¸¿¡ ÆÛÁ³´Ù.

°¢ÁÖ[1] 81:2.19 ±× ¸¸(ؽ) : Æ丣»þ ¸¸.

While pottery had been first introduced by the staff of the Prince about one-half million years ago, the making of clay vessels had practically ceased for over one hundred and fifty thousand years. Only the gulf coast pre-Sumerian Nodites continued to make clay vessels. The art of pottery making was revived during Adam's time. The dissemination of this art was simultaneous with the extension of the desert areas of Africa, Arabia, and central Asia, and it spread in successive waves of improving technique from Mesopotamia out over the Eastern Hemisphere.
81:2.20 (903.2) ÀÌ ¾Èµå ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¹®¸íÀ» ±×µéÀÇ µµ±â³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¼úÀÇ ´Ü°è·Î ¹Ýµå½Ã ÃßÀûÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÌ ÁøÈ­ÇÏ´Â ¼øÁ¶·Î¿î °úÁ¤Àº ´Þ¶ó¸¶½Ã¾Æ¿Í ¿¡µ§, ÀÌ µÎ üÁ¦·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¾öû³ª°Ô ±î´Ù·Î¿öÁ³´Ù. ÈÄÀÏÀÇ È­º´°ú µµ±¸°¡ ´õ ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¾Èµå ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ ¿¹Àü¿¡ ¸¸µç ÀÛÇ°º¸´Ù ¸øÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ÈçÈ÷ »ý±ä´Ù.
These civilizations of the Andite age cannot always be traced by the stages of their pottery or other arts. The smooth course of human evolution was tremendously complicated by the regimes of both Dalamatia and Eden. It often occurs that the later vases and implements are inferior to the earlier products of the purer Andite peoples.

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3. µµ½Ã¿Í Á¦Á¶¾÷°ú »ó¾÷

81:3.1 (903.3) Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀÇ ±â¸§Áö°í ÈÍÈ÷ Æ®ÀÎ ÃÊ¿øÀÇ ¶¥, »ç³ÉÇÏ¸ç µ¿¹°ÀÌ Ç® ¶â´Â ¶¥ÀÌ ±âÈÄ·Î ¸»¶ó¹ö¸° °ÍÀº ±â¿øÀü 12,000³â ¹«·Æ¿¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©, ±× Áö¿ªÀÇ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý »õ·Î¿î ÇüÅÂÀÇ »ê¾÷°ú Åõ¹ÚÇÑ Á¦Á¶¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϵµ·Ï °­¿äÇÏ¿´´Ù. ´õ·¯´Â ±æµéÀÎ °¡Ãà ¶¼¸¦ ±â¸£´Â ÀÏ·Î ¹ß±æÀ» µ¹·È°í, ´õ·¯´Â ³ó»ç²ÛÀÌ µÇ°Å³ª ¹°¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¶ó´Â ¸ÔÀ»°Å¸®¸¦ ¸ðÀ¸´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ¾Èµå Á·¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ó±Þ ºÎ·ùÀÇ ÁöÀû Á¸ÀçµéÀº »ó¾÷°ú Á¦Á¶¾÷À» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. Àüü ºÎÁ·(Ý»ðé)ÀÌ ÇÑ °¡Áö »ê¾÷ÀÇ °³¹ß¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °ü½ÀÀÌ µÇ±âµµ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ªÀÏ °­ À¯¿ªÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÈùµÎ Äí½Ã±îÁö, ±×¸®°í °£Áö½º °­À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ È²ÇÏ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö, ¿ì¼öÇÑ ºÎÁ·µéÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ »ç¾÷Àº ¶¥À» °æÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, »ó¾÷Àº ºÎ¾÷ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.

 

3. Cities, Manufacture, and Commerce

The climatic destruction of the rich, open grassland hunting and grazing grounds of Turkestan, beginning about 12,000 B.C., compelled the men of those regions to resort to new forms of industry and crude manufacturing. Some turned to the cultivation of domesticated flocks, others became agriculturists or collectors of water-borne food, but the higher type of Andite intellects chose to engage in trade and manufacture. It even became the custom for entire tribes to dedicate themselves to the development of a single industry. From the valley of the Nile to the Hindu Kush and from the Ganges to the Yellow River, the chief business of the superior tribes became the cultivation of the soil, with commerce as a side line.

81:3.2 (903.4) ¹«¿ª, ±×¸®°í ¿øÀÚÀ縦 ¿©·¯ °¡Áö »óÇ°À¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â ÃʱâÀÇ ¾ó¸¶Å­ ÆòÈ­·Î¿î °øµ¿Ã¼¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ Á÷Á¢ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, ÀÌ °øµ¿Ã¼µéÀº ¹®È­¿Í ¹®¸íÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» Æ۶߸®´Â µ¥ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù. ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¼¼°è ¹«¿ª ½Ã´ë°¡ ¿À±â Àü¿¡, »çȸÀÇ °øµ¿Ã¼´Â ºÎÁ· ´ÜÀ§¿´´Ù¡ªÈ®´ëµÈ °¡Á· Áý´ÜÀ̾ú´Ù. ¹«¿ª(Ùõæ¶)Àº ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ Àΰ£µéÀÌ ¼­·Î Ä£±³Çϵµ·Ï À̲ø¾ú°í, ÀÌó·³ ¹®È­ÀÇ ´õ ºü¸¥ ±³·ù¿¡ À̹ÙÁöÇÏ¿´´Ù.
The increase in trade and in the manufacture of raw materials into various articles of commerce was directly instrumental in producing those early and semipeaceful communities which were so influential in spreading the culture and the arts of civilization. Before the era of extensive world trade, social communities were tribal¡ªexpanded family groups. Trade brought into fellowship different sorts of human beings, thus contributing to a more speedy cross-fertilization of culture.
81:3.3 (903.5) ¾à 1¸¸ 2õ ³â Àü¿¡, µ¶¸³µÈ µµ½ÃÀÇ ½Ã´ë°¡ ¹à¾Æ¿À°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿ø½Ã ¹«¿ª°ú Á¦Á¶¾÷À» ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ µµ½ÃµéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã, ³ó»ç¸¦ Áþ°í °¡ÃàÀ» ±â¸£´Â Áö´ë¿¡ µÑ·¯½Î¿© ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »ýÈ° ¼öÁØÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁüÀ¸·Î »ê¾÷ÀÌ ÃËÁøµÈ °ÍÀÌ Âü¸»ÀÌÁö¸¸, ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿¾³¯ÀÇ µµ½Ã »ýÈ°ÀÇ ¼¼·ÃµÈ Á¤µµ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¹«·± ¿ÀÇظ¦ °¡Á®¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ÃʱâÀÇ Á¾Á·µéÀº Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ±ò²ûÇϰųª ±ú²ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, º¸ÅëÀÇ ¿ø½Ã °øµ¿Ã¼´Â ´ÜÁö Èë°ú ¾²·¹±â°¡ ½×ÀÎ °á°ú·Î¼­, 25³â¸¶´Ù 30¿¡¼­ 60¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍ°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ ¿À·¡ µÈ µµ½Ãµé °¡¿îµ¥ ¾î¶² °ÍÀº ±ÁÁö ¾ÊÀº ÁøÈë ¿ÀµÎ¸·ÀÌ ¿À·¡ °¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ µÑ·¹ÀÇ ¶¥º¸´Ù ¾ÆÁÖ »¡¸® ³ô¾ÆÁ³°í, ¿¾³¯ÀÇ ÆóÇã ¹Ù·Î À§¿¡ »õ ÁÖ°Å(ñ¬ËÜ)¸¦ Áþ´Â °ÍÀÌ Ç³½ÀÀ̾ú´Ù.
About twelve thousand years ago the era of the independent cities was dawning. And these primitive trading and manufacturing cities were always surrounded by zones of agriculture and cattle raising. While it is true that industry was promoted by the elevation of the standards of living, you should have no misconception regarding the refinements of early urban life. The early races were not overly neat and clean, and the average primitive community rose from one to two feet every twenty-five years as the result of the mere accumulation of dirt and trash. Certain of these olden cities also rose above the surrounding ground very quickly because their unbaked mud huts were short-lived, and it was the custom to build new dwellings directly on top of the ruins of the old.
81:3.4 (903.6) ±Ý¼ÓÀÌ ³Î¸® ¾²ÀÌ°Ô µÈ °ÍÀº ÀÌ ÃʱâÀÇ »ê¾÷ ¹× »ó¾÷ µµ½Ã ½Ã´ëÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ̾ú´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅº¿¡¼­ ±â¿øÀü 9000³â ÀüÀ¸·Î °Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°¡´Â ûµ¿±â ¹®È­¸¦ ÀÌ¹Ì ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´°í, ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀº ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ö¤ý±Ý¤ý±¸¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ü´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´õ Áøº¸µÈ ¹®¸íÀÇ Á߽ɵé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡¼­´Â Á¶°ÇÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ´Þ¶ú´Ù. ¼®±â ½Ã´ë, ûµ¿±â ½Ã´ë, ö±â ½Ã´ë¿Í °°Àº ¾Æ¹«·± ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ½Ã±â°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¸ðµÎ ¼¼ ½Ã±â°¡ ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù.
The widespread use of metals was a feature of this era of the early industrial and trading cities. You have already found a bronze culture in Turkestan dating before 9000 B.C., and the Andites early learned to work in iron, gold, and copper, as well. But conditions were very different away from the more advanced centers of civilization. There were no distinct periods, such as the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages; all three existed at the same time in different localities.
81:3.5 (904.1) ±ÝÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î ã¾Æ´Ù´Ñ ±Ý¼ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. ±ÝÀº ÀÛ¾÷Çϱ⠽¬¿ü°í, óÀ½¿¡´Â Àå½ÄÇ°À¸·Î¸¸ ¾²¿´´Ù. ±¸¸®°¡ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, ÁÖ¼®(ñ¹à¸)°ú ¼¯¾î¼­ ´õ ´Ü´ÜÇÑ Ã»µ¿À» ¸¸µé±â±îÁö ³Î¸® ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀÇ ¾Æ´ã¼Õ Á·¼Ó °¡¿îµ¥ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±¸¸®¿Í ÁÖ¼®À» ¼¯¾î¼­ ûµ¿ ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇߴµ¥, ±×µéÀÇ °íÁö¿¡ ±¸¸® ±¤»êÀÌ ¸¶Ä§ ÁÖ¼® ¸ÅÀå ¿·¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
Gold was the first metal to be sought by man; it was easy to work and, at first, was used only as an ornament. Copper was next employed but not extensively until it was admixed with tin to make the harder bronze. The discovery of mixing copper and tin to make bronze was made by one of the Adamsonites of Turkestan whose highland copper mine happened to be located alongside a tin deposit.
81:3.6 (904.2) Åõ¹ÚÇÑ Á¦Á¶¾÷°ú Ãʱ⠻ê¾÷ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ªÀÚ, »ó¾÷Àº ¹®È­¸¦ °¡Áø ¹®¸íÀÇ º¸±Þ¿¡ À绡¸® °¡Àå À¯·ÂÇÑ ¿µÇâÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. À°Áö¿Í ¹Ù´Ù¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ¹«¿ªÀÇ ±æÀÌ ¿­¸° °ÍÀº ¹®¸íÀÌ ¼¯ÀÌ°Ô ÇÒ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿©Çà, ±×¸®°í ¹®È­ÀÇ È¥ÇÕÀ» Å©°Ô ¼ö¿ùÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±â¿øÀü 5000³âÀÌ µÇÀÚ ¹®¸íÈ­µÈ ¶¥°ú ¹Ý¹®¸íÈ­µÈ ¶¥¿¡ µÎ·ç, ¸»ÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ÈÄÀÏÀÇ Á¾Á·µéÀº ±æµéÀÎ ¸» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ 4·ûÂ÷¿Í 2·û ÀüÂ÷(îúó³)¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù Àü¿¡ ¹ÙÄû°¡ ¾²¿´Áö¸¸, ÀÌÁ¦ ±×·¸°Ô Àåºñ¸¦ °®Ãá Â÷·®ÀÌ »ó¾÷°ú ÀüÀï, µÎ ±ºµ¥¼­ º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.
With the appearance of crude manufacture and beginning industry, commerce quickly became the most potent influence in the spread of cultural civilization. The opening up of the trade channels by land and by sea greatly facilitated travel and the mixing of cultures as well as the blending of civilizations. By 5000 B.C. the horse was in general use throughout civilized and semicivilized lands. These later races not only had the domesticated horse but also various sorts of wagons and chariots. Ages before, the wheel had been used, but now vehicles so equipped became universally employed both in commerce and war.
81:3.7 (904.3) ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â ¹«¿ª»ó°ú ¶°µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â ŽÇè°¡´Â ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ÇÕÄ£ °Íº¸´Ù À¯»ç(êóÞÈ) ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¹®¸íÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ±â¿©Çß´Ù. ±º»çÀû Á¤º¹¤ý½Ä¹ÎÈ­, ±×¸®°í ÈÄÀÏÀÇ Á¾±³µéÀÌ Á¶ÀåÇÑ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¹®È­ º¸±Þ¿¡ ¿äÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰͵éÀº ¸ðµÎ ¹«¿ª °ü°è¿¡ 2Â÷ÀûÀ̾ú°í, ¹«¿ª °ü°è´Â »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú°ú °úÇÐÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ´Ã °¡¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù.
The traveling trader and the roving explorer did more to advance historic civilization than all other influences combined. Military conquests, colonization, and missionary enterprises fostered by the later religions were also factors in the spread of culture; but these were all secondary to the trading relations, which were ever accelerated by the rapidly developing arts and sciences of industry.
81:3.8 (904.4) ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ÇÍÁÙÀÌ Àΰ£ Á¾Á·¿¡ ÁÖÀÔµÈ °ÍÀº ¹®¸íÀÇ °ÉÀ½À» ºü¸£°Ô ÇßÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ðÇè°ú ŽÇèÀÇ ¼ºÇâÀ» Å©°Ô ÀÚ±ØÇß°í, ±× °á°ú·Î ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÇ »¡¸® ¹ø½ÄÇϴ ȥÇ÷ ÈļÕÀÌ À¯¶ó½Ã¾Æ¿Í ºÏ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» À̳» Â÷ÁöÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Infusion of the Adamic stock into the human races not only quickened the pace of civilization, but it also greatly stimulated their proclivities toward adventure and exploration to the end that most of Eurasia and northern Africa was presently occupied by the rapidly multiplying mixed descendants of the Andites.

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4. ¼¯ÀÎ Á¾Á·

81:4.1 (904.5) ¹à¾Æ¿À´Â À¯»ç ½Ã´ë¿Í Á¢ÃËÀÌ »ý±è¿¡ µû¶ó¼­, À¯¶ó½Ã¾Æ Àüü, ºÏ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, ÅÂÆò¾ç ±ºµµ(ÏØÓö)¿¡ ÀηùÀÇ º¹ÇÕ Á¾Á·µéÀÌ ÆÛÁ³´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ÀÌ Á¾Á·µéÀº À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö ±âº» Àΰ£ Ç÷ÅëÀÌ ¼¯ÀÌ°í ´Ù½Ã ¼¯ÀÎ °á°ú·Î »ý°Ü³µ´Ù.

4. The Mixed Races

As contact is made with the dawn of historic times, all of Eurasia, northern Africa, and the Pacific Islands is overspread with the composite races of mankind. And these races of today have resulted from a blending and reblending of the five basic human stocks of Urantia.

81:4.2 (904.6) À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ Á¾Á·µéÀº °¢ÀÚ ¾î¶² ±¸º°µÇ´Â ½ÅüÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À¸·Î È®ÀεǾú´Ù. ¾Æ´ã Á·¼Ó°ú ³ò Á·¼ÓÀº ¾ó±¼ÀÌ ±æ¾ú°í, ¾Èµ· Á·¼ÓÀº ¾ó±¼ÀÌ ³Ð¾ú´Ù. »ê±ã Á¾Á·µéÀº Áß°£ ¾ó±¼À̾ú°í, ȲÀΰú ûÀÎÀº ³ÐÀû ¾ó±¼ÀÎ ÆíÀ̾ú´Ù. ûÀÎ Á¾Á·µéÀº, ¾Èµ· Á·¼ÓÀÇ ÇÍÁÙ°ú ¼¯¿´À» ¶§, ¶Ñ·ÇÀÌ ³ÐÀû ¾ó±¼ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 2Â÷ »ê±ãµéÀº Áß°£¿¡¼­ ±ä ÆíÀÇ ¾ó±¼À̾ú´Ù.
Each of the Urantia races was identified by certain distinguishing physical characteristics. The Adamites and Nodites were long-headed; the Andonites were broad-headed. The Sangik races were medium-headed, with the yellow and blue men tending to broad-headedness. The blue races, when mixed with the Andonite stock, were decidedly broad-headed. The secondary Sangiks were medium- to long-headed.
81:4.3 (904.7) ÀÌ µÎ°³°ñ ±Ô°ÝÀÌ Á¾Á·ÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» Çص¶(ú°ÔÁ)ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¾µ¸ð°¡ À־, ÅëƲ¾î¼­ »À´ë°¡ ÈξÀ ´õ ¹ÏÀ» ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ Á¾Á·µéÀÇ Ãʱ⠹ßÀü¿¡´Â ÃÖÃÊ¿¡ ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö ¶Ñ·ÇÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ »À ±¸Á¶°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù:
Although these skull dimensions are serviceable in deciphering racial origins, the skeleton as a whole is far more dependable. In the early development of the Urantia races there were originally five distinct types of skeletal structure:

81:4.4 (904.8) 1. ¾Èµ· ºÎ·ù, À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ ÅäÂø¹Î.

81:4.5 (904.9) 2. 1Â÷ »ê±ã, È«ÀΤýȲÀΤýûÀÎ.

81:4.6 (904.10) 3. 2Â÷ »ê±ã, ÁÖȲÀΤý³ì»öÀΤý³²»öÀÎ.

81:4.7 (904.11) 4. ³ò Á·¼Ó, °ð ´Þ¶ó¸¶½Ã¾Æ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÈļÕ.

81:4.8 (904.12) 5. ¾Æ´ã Á·¼Ó, º¸¶ó ÀÎÁ¾.

1. Andonic, Urantia aborigines.

2. Primary Sangik, red, yellow, and blue.

3. Secondary Sangik, orange, green, and indigo.

4. Nodites, descendants of the Dalamatians.

5. Adamites, the violet race.

81:4.9 (904.13) ÀÌ 5´ë Á¾Á· Áý´ÜÀÌ ³Î¸® ¼­·Î ¼¯ÀÓ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­, °è¼ÓµÈ È¥ÇÕÀº »ê±ã À¯ÀüÀÇ ¿ì¼º(éÐàõ) ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾Èµ· ºÎ·ù¸¦ °¡¸®´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶óÇÁÀΰú ¿¡½ºÅ°¸ðÀÎÀº ¾Èµ· Á¾Á·°ú »ê±ã ûÀÎ Á¾Á·ÀÌ È¥ÇÕµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ »À ±¸Á¶´Â ÅäÂø ¾Èµ· ºÎ·ù¸¦ °£Á÷ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ °¡±õ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ´ã Á·¼Ó°ú ³ò Á·¼ÓÀº ´Ù¸¥ Á¾Á·µé°ú ¾ÆÁÖ ¼¯¿©¼­, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀϹÝÈ­µÈ ÄÚÄ«¼­½º °è±ÞÀ¸·Î¸¸ ŽÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
As these five great racial groups extensively intermingled, continual mixture tended to obscure the Andonite type by Sangik hereditary dominance. The Lapps and the Eskimos are blends of Andonite and Sangik-blue races. Their skeletal structures come the nearest to preserving the aboriginal Andonic type. But the Adamites and the Nodites have become so admixed with the other races that they can be detected only as a generalized Caucasoid order.
81:4.10 (905.1) µû¶ó¼­, ´ëü·Î, Áö³­ 2¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È¿¡ ½×ÀÎ, »ç¶÷ÀÇ À¯¹°À» ÆÄÇìħ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­, ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Á¾·ù¸¦ ¶È¶ÈÈ÷ ±¸ºÐÇϱⰡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ »À ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¿¬±¸´Â Àηù°¡ ÀÌÁ¦ ´ë·« ¼¼ µî±ÞÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ½À» µå·¯³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù:
In general, therefore, as the human remains of the last twenty thousand years are unearthed, it will be impossible clearly to distinguish the five original types. Study of such skeletal structures will disclose that mankind is now divided into approximately three classes:
81:4.11 (905.2) 1. ÄÚÄ«¼­½º ÀÎÁ¾¡ª³ò°ú ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ÇÍÁÙÀÌ ¾Èµå Á·¼Ó°ú È¥ÇյǾú´Âµ¥, 1Â÷¿Í (¾ó¸¶Å­) 2Â÷ »ê±ã°ú È¥ÇÕµÊÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í ¾Èµ· Á·¼Ó°ú »ó´çÈ÷ ±³¹èÇÔÀ¸·Î ´õ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼­¾çÀÇ ¹éÀÎ Á¾Á·µéÀº, ¾ó¸¶Å­ÀÇ ÀεµÀÎ ¹× Åõ¶õÀÎ Á¾Á·µé°ú ÇÔ²², ÀÌ Áý´Ü¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸ºÐ¿¡¼­ ÅëÀϵǴ ¿ä¼Ò´Â ¸¹µç Àûµç ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1. The Caucasoid-the Andite blend of the Nodite and Adamic stocks, further modified by primary and (some) secondary Sangik admixture and by considerable Andonic crossing. The Occidental white races, together with some Indian and Turanian peoples, are included in this group. The unifying factor in this division is the greater or lesser proportion of Andite inheritance.
81:4.12 (905.3) 2. ¸ù°í ÀÎÁ¾¡ª1Â÷ »ê±ã ºÎ·ùÀ̸ç, ÃÖÃÊÀÇ È«Àΰú ȲÀΰú ûÀÎ Á¾Á·À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. Áß±¹Àΰú ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« Àεð¾ÈÀÌ ÀÌ ¹«¸®¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. À¯·´¿¡¼­ ¸ù°í ÀÎÁ¾ ºÎ·ù´Â 2Â÷ »ê±ã°ú ¾Èµ· Á·¼Ó°ú È¥ÇÕµÊÀ¸·Î ¼öÁ¤µÇ°í, ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÇ ÁÖÀÔÀ¸·Î ´õ¿í ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸»·¹ÀÌ¿Í ±âŸ Àεµ³×½Ã¾Æ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ ÀÌ ºÐ·ù¿¡ µé¾î°£´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀº ³ôÀº ºñÀ²ÀÇ 2Â÷ »ê±ã ÇǸ¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù.
2. The Mongoloid-the primary Sangik type, including the original red, yellow, and blue races. The Chinese and Amerinds belong to this group. In Europe the Mongoloid type has been modified by secondary Sangik and Andonic mixture; still more by Andite infusion. The Malayan and other Indonesian peoples are included in this classification, though they contain a high percentage of secondary Sangik blood.
81:4.13 (905.4) 3. Èæ»ö ÀÎÁ¾¡ª2Â÷ »ê±ã Á¾·ù´Â ÃÖÃÊ¿¡ ÁÖȲ¤ý³ì»ö¤ý³²»ö Á¾Á·µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÈæÀÎÀÌ °¡Àå Àß ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ºÎ·ùÀ̸ç, ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í Àεµ¿Í Àεµ³×½Ã¾Æ µµÃ³¿¡, 2Â÷ »ê±ã Á¾Á·µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷Àº ¾îµð¿¡³ª ¹ß°ßµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3. The Negroid-the secondary Sangik type, which originally included the orange, green, and indigo races. This is the type best illustrated by the Negro, and it will be found through Africa, India, and Indonesia wherever the secondary Sangik races located.
81:4.14 (905.5) Áß±¹ ºÏºÎ¿¡´Â ÄÚÄ«¼­½º Á¾·ù¿Í ¸ù°í Á¾·ù°¡ ¾ó¸¶Å­ ¼¯¿´´Ù. ·¹¹ÝÆ®¿¡¼­´Â ÄÚÄ«¼­½º¿Í Èæ»ö ÀÎÁ¾ÀÌ ¼­·Î ¼¯¿´´Ù. Àεµ¿¡¼­´Â, ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­Ã³·³, ¸ðµÎ ¼¼ Á¾·ù°¡ ´ëÇ¥µÈ´Ù. »ì¾Æ³²Àº ¼¼ ºÎ·ùÀÇ °ñ°Ý Ư¡Àº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Áö¼ÓÇϸç, ¿À´Ã³¯ Àΰ£ Á¾Á·µéÀÇ Èı⠼±Á¶¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
In North China there is a certain blending of Caucasoid and Mongoloid types; in the Levant the Caucasoid and Negroid have intermingled; in India, as in South America, all three types are represented. And the skeletal characteristics of the three surviving types still persist and help to identify the later ancestry of present-day human races.

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5. ¹®È­°¡ ÀÖ´Â »çȸ

81:5.1 (905.6) »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ÁøÈ­¿Í ¹®È­°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®¸íÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã »ó°üµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾î´À ½Ã´ë¶óµµ À¯±âüÀÇ ÁøÈ­´Â ¹®È­°¡ ÅðÆóÇÏ´Â ÇÑ°¡¿îµ¥¼­µµ ¹æÇعÞÁö ¾Ê°í ÁøÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿À·£ ±â°£ÀÇ Àΰ£ ¿ª»ç¸¦ Á¶»çÇßÀ» ¶§, °á±¹Àº ÁøÈ­¿Í ¹®È­°¡ ¿øÀΰú °á°ú·Î¼­ °ü°èµÊÀ» °üÂûÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁøÈ­´Â ¹®È­°¡ ¾øÀ̵µ ÁøÇàµÉÁö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ¹®È­°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®¸íÀº ¸ÕÀú Á¾Á·ÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â Àû´çÇÑ ¹è°æÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¹ø¿µÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾Æ´ã°ú À̺ê´Â Àΰ£ »çȸ°¡ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ³¸¼± ¹®¸íÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» Çϳªµµ µé¿©¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸³ª, ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ÇÇ´Â Á¾Á·µéÀÇ Å¸°í³­ ´É·ÂÀ» È®´ëÇß°í, °æÁ¦°¡ ¹ßÀüÇÏ°í »ê¾÷ÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ±× °ÉÀ½À» °¡¼ÓÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾Æ´ãÀ» ¼ö¿©ÇÑ °ÍÀº Á¾Á·µéÀÇ µÎ³ú·ÂÀ» °³¼±ÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ÁøÈ­ °úÁ¤À» Å©°Ô ÀçÃËÇÏ¿´´Ù.

5. Cultural Society

Biologic evolution and cultural civilization are not necessarily correlated; organic evolution in any age may proceed unhindered in the very midst of cultural decadence. But when lengthy periods of human history are surveyed, it will be observed that eventually evolution and culture become related as cause and effect. Evolution may advance in the absence of culture, but cultural civilization does not flourish without an adequate background of antecedent racial progression. Adam and Eve introduced no art of civilization foreign to the progress of human society, but the Adamic blood did augment the inherent ability of the races and did accelerate the pace of economic development and industrial progression. Adam's bestowal improved the brain power of the races, thereby greatly hastening the processes of natural evolution.

81:5.2 (905.7) ³ó»ç¸¦ Áþ°í, µ¿¹°À» ±æµéÀÌ°í, °ÇÃàÀ» °³·®ÇÔÀ¸·Î Àηù´Â »ì±â À§ÇÑ ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ÅõÀïÀ» Â÷Ãû ÇÇÇß°í, »ç´Â °úÁ¤À» ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î Áñ°Ì°Ô ¸¸µå´Â°¡ ãÀ¸·Á°í µÚÀû°Å¸®±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ²Ù ³ô¾ÆÁö´Â, ¹°ÁúÀû Æí¾ÈÀÇ ¼öÁØ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ·Á´Â ¼ö°íÀÇ ½ÃÃÊ¿´´Ù. Á¦Á¶¾÷°ú »ê¾÷À» ÅëÇؼ­, »ç¶÷Àº ÇÊ»ç »ýÈ°¿¡¼­ Äè¶ôÀÇ ¼ººÐÀ» Â÷Ãû Å°¿ì°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Through agriculture, animal domestication, and improved architecture, mankind gradually escaped the worst of the incessant struggle to live and began to cast about to find wherewith to sweeten the process of living; and this was the beginning of the striving for higher and ever higher standards of material comfort. Through manufacture and industry man is gradually augmenting the pleasure content of mortal life.
81:5.3 (906.1) ±×·¯³ª ¹®È­Àû »çȸ´Â ³¯¶§ºÎÅÍ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ °øÂ¥·Î ȸ¿ø ÀÚ°ÝÀ» °¡Áö°í ¿ÂÀüÈ÷ ÆòµîÇÑ ¹°·Á¹ÞÀº Ư±ÇÀ» Áִ Ŭ·´, Å©°í ÀÚ¼±Çϴ Ŭ·´ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±× »çȸ´Â ³ô°í ´Ã Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â, Áö»óÀÇ Àϲ۵éÀÇ µ¿¾÷ Á¶ÇÕÀ̸ç, ¼¼»óÀ» Èļ¼¿¡ Àڽİú ¼ÕÀÚµéÀÌ »ì°í Áøº¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´õ ÁÁÀº °÷À¸·Î ¸¸µé·Á°í ¾Ö¾²´Â ±ÍÁ· Àϲ۸¸ ±× °è¿­·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδÙ. ÀÌ ¹®¸í Á¶ÇÕÀº ºñ½Ñ °¡ÀÔºñ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ³»°í, ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°í ¼¼Âù ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ºÎ°úÇϸç, Âù¼ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚ¿Í µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â ´©±¸³ª ¹«°Å¿î ¹úÀ» ³»¸®°í, ÇÑÆí °øÅëµÈ À§Çè°ú Á¾Á·ÀÇ À§Çù¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ´õ ¾ÈÀüÇØÁø °ÍÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, °³ÀÎÀÇ ¹æÁ¾À̳ª Ư±ÇÀ» °ÅÀÇ ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
But cultural society is no great and beneficent club of inherited privilege into which all men are born with free membership and entire equality. Rather is it an exalted and ever-advancing guild of earth workers, admitting to its ranks only the nobility of those toilers who strive to make the world a better place in which their children and their children's children may live and advance in subsequent ages. And this guild of civilization exacts costly admission fees, imposes strict and rigorous disciplines, visits heavy penalties on all dissenters and nonconformists, while it confers few personal licenses or privileges except those of enhanced security against common dangers and racial perils.
81:5.4 (906.2) »çȸÀû °ü°è´Â »ýÁ¸À» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ º¸ÇèÀ̸ç, »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ º¸ÇèÀÌ À̷οòÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº Àڱ⸦ Èñ»ýÇÏ°í °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ´ÜÃàÇÏ´Â º¸Çè·á¸¦ ±â²¨ÀÌ ³»¸ç, »çȸ´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô Áý´ÜÀ¸·Î ´õ º¸È£¹Þ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ªÀ¸·Î ±× ±¸¼º¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸Çè·á¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ³½´Ù. Àß¶ó ¸»Çϸé, ¿À´Ã³¯ »çȸÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â ½ÃÇà Âø¿À·Î »ý±ä º¸Çè °èȹÀ̸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀηùÀÇ Ãʱâ üÇèÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â, ²ûÂïÇÏ°í ¹Ý»çȸÀû Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¾î´À Á¤µµ º¸ÀåÇÏ°í º¸È£Çϵµ·Ï °í¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
Social association is a form of survival insurance which human beings have learned is profitable; therefore are most individuals willing to pay those premiums of self-sacrifice and personal-liberty curtailment which society exacts from its members in return for this enhanced group protection. In short, the present-day social mechanism is a trial-and-error insurance plan designed to afford some degree of assurance and protection against a return to the terrible and antisocial conditions which characterized the early experiences of the human race.
81:5.5 (906.3) ÀÌó·³ »çȸ´Â Á¦µµ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯, ÀÚº»°ú ¹ß¸íÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ °æÁ¦Àû ÀÚÀ¯, ¹®È­¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ »çȸÀû Çعæ, °æÂûÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ Æø·ÂÀ» ´çÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ È®º¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¼­·Î Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â °èȹÀÌ´Ù.
Society thus becomes a co-operative scheme for securing civil freedom through institutions, economic freedom through capital and invention, social liberty through culture, and freedom from violence through police regulation.
81:5.6 (906.4) ÈûÀÌ Á¤ÀÇ(ïáëù)¸¦ ³ºÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, ÈûÀº µÚÀÕ´Â °¢ ¼¼´ë°¡ °øÅëÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÁýÇàÇÑ´Ù. Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ÀÓ¹«´Â ±Ç¸®¸¦ ±Ô¸íÇÏ°í, °è±ÞÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ Á¤´çÇÏ°í °øÆòÇÏ°Ô ±ÔÁ¦Çϸç, ¹ýÀÇ ÅëÄ¡ ¹Ø¿¡¼­ ±âȸÀÇ ÆòµîÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸ðµç ±Ç¸®´Â »çȸÀû ÀÓ¹«¿Í °áÇյǾî ÀÖ´Ù. Áý´ÜÀÇ Æ¯±ÇÀº º¸Çè ÀÛ¿ëÀ̸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº Áý´Ü¿¡°Ô ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â Èû°Ü¿î º¸Çè·á Àü¾×À» ³¾ °ÍÀ» ¾î±è¾øÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. °³ÀÎÀÇ ±Ç¸® »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áý´ÜÀÇ ±Ç¸®´Â, ¼º(àõ) ¹ö¸©ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, º¸È£ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Might does not make right, but it does enforce the commonly recognized rights of each succeeding generation. The prime mission of government is the definition of the right, the just and fair regulation of class differences, and the enforcement of equality of opportunity under the rules of law. Every human right is associated with a social duty; group privilege is an insurance mechanism which unfailingly demands the full payment of the exacting premiums of group service. And group rights, as well as those of the individual, must be protected, including the regulation of the sex propensity.
81:5.7 (906.5) Áý´ÜÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦¿¡ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â ÀÚÀ¯´Â »çȸÀÇ ÁøÈ­¿¡¼­ Á¤´çÇÑ ¸ñÇ¥ÀÌ´Ù. Á¦ÇÑ ¾ø´Â ÀÚÀ¯´Â ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÏ°í °æ¼ÖÇÑ Àΰ£ Áö¼ºµéÀÌ Áö¾î³½ ÇêµÇ°í ȯ»ó °°Àº ²ÞÀÌ´Ù.
Liberty subject to group regulation is the legitimate goal of social evolution. Liberty without restrictions is the vain and fanciful dream of unstable and flighty human minds.

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6. ¹®¸íÀÇ À¯Áö

81:6.1 (906.6) »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ÁøÈ­´Â ´Ã ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¬Áö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ¹®È­Àû ÁøÈ­´Â À¯ÇÁ¶óÅ×½º °­ À¯¿ªÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Æĵµ¸¦ Áö¾î ³ª°¬À¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Æĵµ´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó¼­, ¼ø¼ö Ç÷ÅëÀ» °¡Áø ¾Æ´ã ÈÄ¼Õ Àüü°¡ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿Í À¯·´ÀÇ ¹®¸íÀ» °­È­ÇÏ·Á°í ¸¶Ä§³» ¶°³ª°¥ ¶§±îÁö, ¿¬´Þ¾Æ ¾àÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù. Á¾Á·µéÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼¯ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ±×µéÀÇ ¹®¸íÀº »ó´çÇÑ Á¤µµ±îÁö ¼¯¿´´Ù. ¹®È­°¡ õõÈ÷ ¼¼°è¿¡ µÎ·ç ÆÛÁ³´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¹®¸íÀº À¯ÁöµÇ°í ¾çÀ°(å×ëÀ)µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ ¹®È­ÀÇ »õ ±Ù¿øÀÌ Çϳªµµ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¹®¸íÀÌ ÁøÈ­ÇÏ´Â ´À¸° °ÉÀ½¿¡ È°·ÂÀ» ÁÖ°í À̸¦ ÀÚ±ØÇÒ ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÌ ÀüÇô ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

6. The Maintenance of Civilization

While biologic evolution has proceeded ever upward, much of cultural evolution went out from the Euphrates valley in waves, which successively weakened as time passed until finally the whole of the pure-line Adamic posterity had gone forth to enrich the civilizations of Asia and Europe. The races did not fully blend, but their civilizations did to a considerable extent mix. Culture did slowly spread throughout the world. And this civilization must be maintained and fostered, for there exist today no new sources of culture, no Andites to invigorate and stimulate the slow progress of the evolution of civilization.

81:6.2 (906.7) Áö±Ý À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ÁøÈ­ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹®¸íÀº ´ÙÀ½ ¿äÀο¡¼­ »ý°Ü³µ°í, ¶Ç ±× ¿äÀο¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù:
The civilization which is now evolving on Urantia grew out of, and is predicated on, the following factors:
81:6.3 (906.8) 1. ÀÚ¿¬ »óȲ. ¹°Áú ¹®¸íÀÇ ¼ºÁú°ú ¹üÀ§´Â ´ëü·Î ¼Ò¿ëµÇ´Â ÀÚ¿¬ ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ µû¶ó °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ±âÈĤý³¯¾¾, ±×¸®°í ¼ö¸¹Àº ¹°¸®Àû Á¶°ÇÀº ¹®È­ÀÇ ÁøÈ­¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¿äÀÎÀÌ´Ù.
1. Natural circumstances. The nature and extent of a material civilization is in large measure determined by the natural resources available. Climate, weather, and numerous physical conditions are factors in the evolution of culture.
81:6.4 (907.1) ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÇ ½Ã´ë°¡ ¿­·ÈÀ» ¶§, ¿Â ¼¼°è¿¡ ±¤È°ÇÏ°í ºñ¿ÁÇÏ°í Ź Æ®ÀÎ »ç³É Áö¿ªÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ µÎ ±ºµ¥ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Çϳª´Â ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, °Å±â¿¡´Â ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀÌ ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀÇ ºÏÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±× ÀϺδ ¾Èµ· ȲÀÎÀÌ Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù. ¼­³² ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¹®È­°¡ ÁøÈ­ÇÑ °áÁ¤Àû ¿äÀÎÀº Á¾Á·°ú ±âÈÄ¿´´Ù. ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀº À§´ëÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·À̾úÀ¸³ª, ±×µé ¹®¸íÀÇ °úÁ¤¿¡ °áÁ¤Àû ¿äÀÎÀº À̶õ¤ýÅõ¸£Å°½ºÅº¤ý½ÅÀåÀÌ ´õ¿í °ÇÁ¶ÇØÁø °ÍÀ̾ú°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ²Ù ¸Þ¸»¶ó °¡´Â ±×µéÀÇ ¶¥¿¡¼­ »ý°è¸¦ ÀÕ´Â »õ·Ó°í Áøº¸µÈ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹ß¸íÇÏ°í äÅÃÇϵµ·Ï °­¿äÇß´Ù.
At the opening of the Andite era there were only two extensive and fertile open hunting areas in all the world. One was in North America and was overspread by the Amerinds; the other was to the north of Turkestan and was partly occupied by an Andonic-yellow race. The decisive factors in the evolution of a superior culture in southwestern Asia were race and climate. The Andites were a great people, but the crucial factor in determining the course of their civilization was the increasing aridity of Iran, Turkestan, and Sinkiang, which forced them to invent and adopt new and advanced methods of wresting a livelihood from their decreasingly fertile lands.
81:6.5 (907.2) ¿©·¯ ´ë·úÀÇ ÁöÇü, ±×¸®°í ´Þ¸® ¶¥ÀÌ ¹èÄ¡µÈ »óȲÀº ÆòÈ­³ª ÀüÀïÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ Å©°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ »ç¶÷ Áß¿¡ ±Ø¼Ò¼ö°¡, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ Á¾Á·µéÀÌ ´©·Á ¿Ô´ø °Í °°ÀÌ °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© ¹æÇعÞÁö ¾Ê°í ¹ßÀüÇÒ À¯¸®ÇÑ ±âȸ¸¦ ´©·È´Ù¡ª±×µéÀº ³ÐÀº ´ë¾ç(ÓÞåÇ) ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÁö·Î »ç¹æ¿¡¼­ º¸È£¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
The configuration of continents and other land-arrangement situations are very influential in determining peace or war. Very few Urantians have ever had such a favorable opportunity for continuous and unmolested development as has been enjoyed by the peoples of North America-protected on practically all sides by vast oceans.
81:6.6 (907.3) 2. ÀÚº»Àç. ¹®È­´Â °áÄÚ ºó°ïÇÑ Á¶°Ç ¹Ø¿¡¼­ ¹ß´ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿©°¡´Â ¹®¸íÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ ÇʼöÀÌ´Ù. µµ´öÀû¤ý¿µÀû °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÎÇ°Àº ¹°ÁúÀû ºÎ(Ý£)°¡ ¾ø´Â °¡¿îµ¥ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¹®È­¸¦ °¡Áø ¹®¸íÀº ¿À·ÎÁö, Æ÷ºÎ¿Í ´õºÒ¾î ¿©°¡¸¦ Çã¶ôÇÏ´Â ¹°ÁúÀû ¹ø¿µÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­¸¸ »ý±ä´Ù.
2. Capital goods. Culture is never developed under conditions of poverty; leisure is essential to the progress of civilization. Individual character of moral and spiritual value may be acquired in the absence of material wealth, but a cultural civilization is only derived from those conditions of material prosperity which foster leisure combined with ambition.
81:6.7 (907.4) ¿ø½Ã ½Ã´ëÀÇ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­, ÀλýÀº ½É°¢ÇÏ°í ÁøÁöÇÑ ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í Àηù°¡ °Ç°­¿¡ ÁÁÀº ¿­´ë ±âÈĸ¦ ÇâÇÏ¿© Ç×»ó ¶°´Ù´Ï´Â ¼ºÇâÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀº ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ÅõÀï°ú ±×ħ ¾ø´Â ¼ö°í¸¦ ÇÇÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ µûµíÇÑ °ÅÁÖ Áö´ë´Â ±Ø½ÉÇÑ »ýÁ¸ ÅõÀïÀ» ¹þ¾î³ª ¾ó¸¶Å­ ÇѼû µ¹¸®°Ô ÇßÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¸°Ô Æí¾ÈÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÑ Á¾Á·°ú ºÎÁ·µéÀº ÇǶ¡ Èê·Á ¹úÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿©°¡¸¦ ¹®¸íÀÇ Áøº¸¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ µå¹°¾ú´Ù. ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ½á¼­ ¼ö°íÇÔÀ¸·Î ³ë·ÂÀ» ÁÙÀÌ°í, ³ëµ¿ Àϼö(ìíâ¦)¸¦ ÁÙÀÓÀ¸·Î ¶¥À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý°è¸¦ ¾ò´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ì°í, ±×ó·³ Àß ¹ú¾îµéÀÌ°í À¯ÀÍÇÑ ¿©°¡¸¦ ´©¸± ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø Á¾Á·µéÀÇ »ý°¢°ú °èȹÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, º¯ÇÔ¾øÀÌ »çȸÀÇ Áøº¸°¡ »ý°å´Ù.
During primitive times life on Urantia was a serious and sober business. And it was to escape this incessant struggle and interminable toil that mankind constantly tended to drift toward the salubrious climate of the tropics. While these warmer zones of habitation afforded some remission from the intense struggle for existence, the races and tribes who thus sought ease seldom utilized their unearned leisure for the advancement of civilization. Social progress has invariably come from the thoughts and plans of those races that have, by their intelligent toil, learned how to wrest a living from the land with lessened effort and shortened days of labor and thus have been able to enjoy a well-earned and profitable margin of leisure.
81:6.8 (907.5) 3. °úÇÐ Áö½Ä. ¹®¸íÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀû ¸éÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã °úÇÐÀû ÀÚ·á°¡ ½×À̱⸦ ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. È°°ú È­»ìÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í µ¿·ÂÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿¹°À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ µÚ¿¡, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷°ú ¹°ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ¹è¿ì±â±îÁö ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀÌ °É·ÈÀ¸¸ç, Áõ±â(ñúѨ)¿Í Àü±âÀÇ ÀÌ¿ëÀÌ µÚµû¶ú´Ù. Á÷¹° Â¥±â¿Í µµ±â, µ¿¹° ±æµéÀ̱â, ±Ý¼Ó °¡°ø µÚ¿¡´Â, ±ÛÀ» ¾²°í ÀμâÇÏ´Â ½Ã´ë°¡ µû¶ú´Ù.
3. Scientific knowledge. The material aspects of civilization must always await the accumulation of scientific data. It was a long time after the discovery of the bow and arrow and the utilization of animals for power purposes before man learned how to harness wind and water, to be followed by the employment of steam and electricity. But slowly the tools of civilization improved. Weaving, pottery, the domestication of animals, and metalworking were followed by an age of writing and printing.
81:6.9 (907.6) Áö½ÄÀº ÈûÀÌ´Ù. ¹ß¸íÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼¼°èÀû ±Ô¸ð·Î ¹®È­ÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀÌ °¡¼ÓµÇ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ¾Õ¼­ °£´Ù. °úÇаú ¹ß¸íÀº ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ Àμâ±â·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸¾Ò°í, ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¹®È­ È°µ¿°ú ¹ß¸í È°µ¿ÀÇ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀº ¹®È­°¡ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¾öû³ª°Ô ºü¸£°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Knowledge is power. Invention always precedes the acceleration of cultural development on a world-wide scale. Science and invention benefited most of all from the printing press, and the interaction of all these cultural and inventive activities has enormously accelerated the rate of cultural advancement.
81:6.10 (907.7) °úÇÐÀº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¼öÇÐÀ̶ó´Â »õ ¾ð¾îÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡¸ç, ¾ö¹ÐÇÑ ¼±À» µû¶ó¼­ »ç¶÷ÀÇ »ý°¢À» ÈƷýÃŲ´Ù. °úÇÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¿À·ù¸¦ ¾ø¾ÚÀ¸·Î öÇÐÀ» ¾ÈÁ¤½ÃÅ°¸ç, ÇÑÆí ¹Ì½ÅÀ» ¾ø¾ÚÀ¸·Î Á¾±³¸¦ ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
Science teaches man to speak the new language of mathematics and trains his thoughts along lines of exacting precision. And science also stabilizes philosophy through the elimination of error, while it purifies religion by the destruction of superstition.

81:6.11 (907.8) 4. Àΰ£ ÀÚ¿ø. ³ëµ¿·ÂÀº ¹®¸íÀ» Æ۶߸®´Â µ¥ ÇʼöÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ Á¶°ÇÀÌ °°´Ù¸é, ¼ö°¡ ¸¹Àº ¹ÎÁ·Àº ¼ö°¡ ÀûÀº Á¾Á·À» Áö¹èÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Àα¸¸¦ ¾î´À ¼±±îÁö ´ÃÀÌÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ½ÇÇöµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·Áö¸¸, °è¼ÓµÈ ¼ºÀåÀÌ ÀÚ»ìÀÌ µÇ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ Àα¸ Áõ°¡ÀÇ ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤»ó Àα¸ ¹ÐµµÀÇ[2] ÀûÁ¤ ¼öÁØÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼­ Àα¸°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »ýÈ° ¼öÁØÀÇ Ç϶ôÀ» ÃÊ·¡Çϰųª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ÆòÈ­·Î¿î ħÅõ³ª ±º»çÀû Á¤º¹, °ð °­Á¦ Á¡·ÉÀ¸·Î ¿µÅäÀÇ °æ°è°¡ Áï½Ã È®ÀåµÊÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

°¢ÁÖ[2] Á¤»ó Àα¸ ¹Ðµµ : ¿©±â¼­ man-land ratio ´Â ÅäÁö ¸éÀû´ç Àα¸¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

4. Human resources. Man power is indispensable to the spread of civilization. All things equal, a numerous people will dominate the civilization of a smaller race. Hence failure to increase in numbers up to a certain point prevents the full realization of national destiny, but there comes a point in population increase where further growth is suicidal. Multiplication of numbers beyond the optimum of the normal man-land ratio means either a lowering of the standards of living or an immediate expansion of territorial boundaries by peaceful penetration or by military conquest, forcible occupation.
81:6.12 (908.1) ³ÊÈñ´Â ¶§¶§·Î ÀüÀïÀÇ ÂüÈ­¿¡ Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¹ÞÁö¸¸, »çȸ¿Í µµ´öÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â ÃæºÐÇÑ ±âȸ¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ±â À§ÇÏ¿© Å« ¹«¸®ÀÇ ÇÊ»çÀÚ¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÔÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Ç༺¿¡¼­ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ø½Ä°ú ´õºÒ¾î °ð Àα¸ÀÇ °úÀ×À̶ó´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀϾ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ç´Â ¼¼°èµéÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ÀÛ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ´Â Æò±ÕÀ̸ç, ¾Æ¸¶ Å©±â°¡ Á» ÀÛ´Ù. ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ Àα¸°¡ ÀûÁ¤ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ ¾ÈÁ¤µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¹®È­¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°°í ÀüÀïÀ» ¸·´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¼ºÀåÀ» ±×Ä¥ ¶§¸¦ ¾Æ´Â ³ª¶ó´Â Çö¸íÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÌ´Ù.
You are sometimes shocked at the ravages of war, but you should recognize the necessity for producing large numbers of mortals so as to afford ample opportunity for social and moral development; with such planetary fertility there soon occurs the serious problem of overpopulation. Most of the inhabited worlds are small. Urantia is average, perhaps a trifle undersized. The optimum stabilization of national population enhances culture and prevents war. And it is a wise nation which knows when to cease growing.
81:6.13 (908.2) ±×·¯³ª ÁöÇÏ ÀÚ¿øÀÌ °¡Àå dzºÎÇÑ ´ë·ú°ú °¡Àå ¾Õ¼± ±â°è Àåºñ°¡ À־ ±× ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ Áö´ÉÀÌ ¼èÅðÇÑ´Ù¸é, °ÅÀÇ Áøº¸ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áö½ÄÀº ±³À°À¸·Î ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÁöÇý´Â ÂüµÈ ¹®È­¿¡ ÇʼöÀ̸ç, ¿À·ÎÁö °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇؼ­, ³¯ ¶§ºÎÅÍ ÃѸíÇÑ ³²³àµéÀÌ ÁöÇý¸¦ È®º¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·Àº üÇèÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÂüÀ¸·Î ÁöÇý·Ó°Ô µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
But the continent richest in natural deposits and the most advanced mechanical equipment will make little progress if the intelligence of its people is on the decline. Knowledge can be had by education, but wisdom, which is indispensable to true culture, can be secured only through experience and by men and women who are innately intelligent. Such a people are able to learn from experience; they may become truly wise.
81:6.14 (908.3) 5. ¹°Áú ÀÚ¿øÀÇ È¿À²¼º. ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬ ÀÚ¿ø, °úÇÐ Áö½Ä, ÀÚº»Àç, Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀáÀ缺À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶Å­ ÁöÇý¸¦ º¸À̴°¡¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. Ãʱ⠹®¸í¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀº »çȸÀÇ ÁöÇý·Î¿î ±ºÁÖ°¡ Çà»çÇÏ´Â ¼¼·ÂÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº °°Àº ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¿ì¼öÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±ÛÀÚ ±×´ë·Î ±×¿¡°Ô ¶°¸Ã±ä ¹®¸íÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. Àß Á¶Á÷µÇ°í ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼Ò¼ö(á³â¦)°¡ ´ëü·Î ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» ´Ù½º·Á ¿Ô´Ù.
5. Effectiveness of material resources. Much depends on the wisdom displayed in the utilization of natural resources, scientific knowledge, capital goods, and human potentials. The chief factor in early civilization was the force exerted by wise social masters; primitive man had civilization literally thrust upon him by his superior contemporaries. Well-organized and superior minorities have largely ruled this world.
81:6.15 (908.4) ÈûÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ÈûÀº ¹«¾ùÀÌ Áö±Ý Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ¿ª»ç¿¡¼­ ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Â°¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ´Â °Ü¿ì ¿äÁò¿¡¾ß Èû°ú Á¤ÀÇ(ïáëù)ÀÇ À±¸®¸¦ ±â²¨ÀÌ ³íÀÇÇÏ·Á´Â Á¡±îÁö »çȸ°¡ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù.
Might does not make right, but might does make what is and what has been in history. Only recently has Urantia reached that point where society is willing to debate the ethics of might and right.
81:6.16 (908.5) 6. ¾ð¾îÀÇ È¿À²¼º. ¹®¸íÀÇ º¸±ÞÀº ¾ð¾î°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â¸¦ ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »ì¾Æ ÀÖ°í ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â ¾ð¾î´Â ¹®¸íÈ­µÈ »ý°¢°ú °èȹÀÇ ÆØâÀ» º¸ÀåÇÑ´Ù. Ãʱ⠽ÃÀý¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ Áøº¸´Â ¾ð¾î¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯, ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â »ý°¢ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ¼ö¿ùÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé±â À§Çؼ­, ¾ð¾îÀÇ °è¼ÓµÈ ¹ßÀüÀÌ Å©°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
6. Effectiveness of language. The spread of civilization must wait upon language. Live and growing languages insure the expansion of civilized thinking and planning. During the early ages import!ant advances were made in language. Today, there is great need for further linguistic development to facilitate the expression! of evolving thought.
81:6.17 (908.6) ¾ð¾î´Â Áý´ÜÀÇ ±³Á¦·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁøÈ­Çß°í, °¢ Áö¿ª Áý´ÜÀº Àǻ縦 ¼ÒÅëÇÏ´Â ÀÚüÀÇ Ã¼°è¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾ð¾î´Â ¼ÕÁþ¤ýǥ¡, ¿ÜÄ¡´Â ¼Ò¸®¿Í Èä³»³»´Â ¼Ò¸®, ¾ï¾ç, ±×¸®°í ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ¾ËÆĺªÀ» ¼Ò¸®³»´Â µ¥ ºÙ´Â ¾Ç¼¾Æ®¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ¼ºÀåÇß´Ù. ¾ð¾î´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ °¡Áø °¡Àå Å©°í °¡Àå ¾µ¸ð ÀÖ´Â, »ý°¢¿¡ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¿¬ÀåÀÌÁö¸¸, ¾ð¾î´Â »çȸ Áý´ÜµéÀÌ ¾ó¸¶Å­ ¿©°¡¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¶§±îÁö °áÄÚ ¹ø¼ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¸»À» °¡Áö°í ³ë´Â ¼ºÇâÀº »õ·Î¿î ³¹¸»¡ª¼Ó¾î¡ª¸¦ °³¹ßÇÑ´Ù. ´ë´Ù¼ö°¡ ±× ¼Ó¾î¸¦ äÅÃÇϸé, °ü½ÀÀº ±× ¼Ó¾î°¡ ¾ð¾î°¡ µÇ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ÇÑ °¡Á· Áý´Ü¿¡¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¡°¾Æ±â ¸»Åõ¡±¿¡ ºüÁö´Â °ÍÀº Áö¹æ »çÅõ¸®ÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
Language evolved out of group associations, each local group developing its own system of word exchange. Language grew up through gestures, signs, cries, imitative sounds, intonation, and accent to the vocalization of subsequent alphabets. Language is man's greatest and most serviceable thinking tool, but it never flourished until social groups acquired some leisure. The tendency to play with language develops new words-slang. If the majority adopt the slang, then usage constitutes it language. The origin of dialects is illustrated by the indulgence in "baby talk" in a family group.
81:6.18 (908.7) ¾ð¾î°¡ ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº ÆòÈ­¸¦ ¿¬Àå½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥ Ç×»ó Å« À庮À̾ú´Ù. Áö¹æ »çÅõ¸®¸¦ Á¤º¹ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ· Àüü¿¡, ÇÑ ´ë·ú¿¡¼­, ¶Ç´Â Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ ÇÑ ¹®È­¸¦ º¸±ÞÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ¾Õ¼­¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. º¸ÆíÀû ¾ð¾î´Â ÆòÈ­¸¦ ÃËÁøÇÏ°í ¹®È­¸¦ º¸ÀåÇϸç ÇູÀ» ÁõÁøÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¾ð¾î°¡ ¸î °³·Î ÁÙ¾îµé ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ, ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â ¹®È­ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ ÀÌ ¾ð¾îµéÀ» Åë´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¼¼°èÀÇ ÆòÈ­(øÁûú)¿Í ¹ø¿µÀ» ÀÌ·èÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¸·°­ÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù.
Language differences have ever been the great barrier to the extension of peace. The conquest of dialects must precede the spread of a culture throughout a race, over a continent, or to a whole world. A universal language promotes peace, insures culture, and augments happiness. Even when the tongues of a world are reduced to a few, the mastery of these by the leading cultural peoples mightily influences the achievement of world-wide peace and prosperity.
81:6.19 (908.8) ±¹Á¦¾îÀÇ °³¹ßÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ Áøº¸°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø¾ú¾îµµ, ±¹Á¦ »ó¾÷ ±³·ùÀÇ È®¸³Àº ¸¹Àº ¾÷ÀûÀ» ½×¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ð¾î¤ý¹«¿ª¤ý¿¹¼ú¤ý°úÇÐ, °æÀï ³îÀÌ, ¶Ç´Â Á¾±³¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ´Â°¡¿¡ »ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, ÀÌ ¸ðµç ±¹Á¦ °ü°è°¡ À°¼ºµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
While very little progress has been made on Urantia toward developing an international language, much has been accomplished by the establishment of international commercial exchange. And all these international relations should be fostered, whether they involve language, trade, art, science, competitive play, or religion.
81:6.20 (909.1) 7. ±â°è ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ È¿À²¼º. ¹®¸íÀÇ Áøº¸´Â ¿¬Àå, ±â°è ¹× ºÐ¹è °æ·ÎÀÇ ¹ß´Þ°ú ¼ÒÀ¯¿Í Á÷Á¢ °ü°èµÈ´Ù. °³·®µÈ ¿¬Àå, Á¤±³ÇÏ°í È¿À² ÀÖ´Â ±â°èµéÀº Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¹®¸íÀÇ ¹«´ë¿¡¼­ ¼­·Î ´ÙÅõ´Â Áý´ÜµéÀÇ »ýÁ¸À» Á¿ìÇÑ´Ù.
7. Effectiveness of mechanical devices. The progress of civilization is directly related to the development and possession of tools, machines, and channels of distribution. Improved tools, ingenious and efficient machines, determine the survival of contending groups in the arena of advancing civilization.
81:6.21 (909.2) Ãʱ⠽ÃÀý¿¡ ¶¥À» °¡´Â µ¥ Àû¿ëµÈ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ̾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷À» ¾²Áö ¾Ê°í Ȳ¼Ò·Î ´ë½ÅÇÑ °ÍÀº, »ç¶÷À» ÀÏÀÚ¸®¿¡¼­ ³»ÂѾұ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¿À·¡ °É¸° ½Î¿òÀ̾ú´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ±â°è°¡ »ç¶÷À» ´ëüÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß°í, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ßÀüÀº ¸ðÁ¶¸® »çȸÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ Á÷Á¢ À̹ÙÁöÇߴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ´õ °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â °úÁ¦¸¦ ¼ºÃëÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ» ÇعæÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
In the early days the only energy applied to land cultivation was man power. It was a long struggle to substitute oxen for men since this threw men out of employment. Latterly, machines have begun to displace men, and every such advance is directly contributory to the progress of society because it liberates man power for the accomplishment of more valuable tasks.
81:6.22 (909.3) ÁöÇý·Ó°Ô »ç¿ëÇϸé, °úÇÐÀº »ç¶÷À» »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ÇعæÇÏ´Â Å« ¼ö´ÜÀÌ µÉÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ³ëµ¿À» Àý¾àÇÏ´Â »õ Á¾·ùÀÇ ±â°è°¡ ³Ê¹« »¡¸® ¹ß¸íµÇ´Â °á°ú·Î¼­ Å« Áý´ÜÀÌ °©ÀÚ±â ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ÀÒ°Ô µÇ¾î ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÁöÀû ¼öÁØÀÌ ³Ê¹« ³·¾Æ¼­ ±×·± °úµµ±â ¹®Á¦¿¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ÀûÀÀÇÏ´Â ÁöÇý·Î¿î ¹æ¹ý°ú °ÇÀüÇÒ ±â¼úÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ³ª¶ó¿¡°Ô¸¸, ±â°è ½Ã´ë°¡ Àç³­À¸·Î ÆǸíµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Science, guided by wisdom, may become man's great social liberator. A mechanical age can prove disastrous only to a nation whose intellectual level is too low to discover those wise methods and sound techniques for successfully adjusting to the transition difficulties arising from the sudden loss of employment by large numbers consequent upon the too rapid invention of new types of laborsaving machinery.
81:6.23 (909.4) 8. ȶºÒ Áå ÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÎÇ°. »çȸÀÇ À¯»êÀº »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý, ¸ÕÀú ÀÖ¾ú°í ¹®È­¿Í Áö½ÄÀÇ ÃÑÇÕ¿¡ ¹«¾ùÀÌ¶óµµ À̹ÙÁöÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾î±ú À§¿¡ ¼³ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ¹®È­ÀÇ È¶ºÒÀ» ´ÙÀ½ ¼¼´ë¿¡ ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ´Â ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡¼­ °¡Á¤Àº ´Ã ±âÃÊ Á¦µµ°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³îÀÌ¿Í »çȸ »ýÈ°ÀÌ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿À¸ç, ¸¶Áö¸·ÀÌÁö¸¸, º¹ÀâÇÏ°í »ó´çÈ÷ Á¶Á÷µÈ »çȸ¿¡¼­ ¶È°°ÀÌ ÇʼöÀÎ Çб³°¡ µÚµû¸¥´Ù.
8. Character of torchbearers. Social inheritance enables man to stand on the shoulders of all who have preceded him, and who have contributed aught to the sum of culture and knowledge. In this work of passing on the cultural torch to the next generation, the home will ever be the basic institution. The play and social life comes next, with the school last but equally indispensable in a complex and highly organized society.
81:6.24 (909.5) °ïÃæÀº ÀÏ»ýÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ±³À°¹Þ°í Àåºñ¸¦ °®Ãá ä·Î ž´Ù¡ªÁ¤¸»·Î ¾ÆÁÖ Á¼°í ¼øÀüÈ÷ º»´ÉÀû Á¸ÀçÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ¾Æ±â´Â ±³À° ¾øÀÌ Å¾´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ »ç¶÷Àº ¾î¸° ¼¼´ë¸¦ ±³À°ÇÏ´Â ÈƷÿ¡ °í»ß¸¦ ÁçÀ¸·Î, ¹®¸íÀÌ ÁøÈ­ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À» Å©°Ô ¼öÁ¤ÇÒ ÈûÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù.
Insects are born fully educated and equipped for life¡ªindeed, a very narrow and purely instinctive existence. The human baby is born without an education; therefore man possesses the power, by controlling the educational training of the younger generation, greatly to modify the evolutionary course of civilization.
81:6.25 (909.6) ¹®¸íÀÇ ÁõÁø°ú ¹®È­ÀÇ ÀüÁø¿¡ À̹ÙÁöÇÏ´Â 20¼¼±â ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀº, ¼¼°è ¿©ÇàÀÇ µÎµå·¯Áø Áõ°¡¿Í Åë½Å ¹æ¹ýÀÇ Àü·Ê ¾ø´ø °³¼±ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±³À°ÀÇ °³¼±Àº È®´ëµÇ´Â »çȸ ±¸Á¶¿Í ¹ß°ÉÀ½À» ¸ÂÃßÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. À±¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çö´ëÀÇ ÀÌÇصµ ´õ ¼øÀüÈ÷ ÁöÀûÀÌ°í °úÇÐÀûÀÎ ³ë¼±À» µû¸¥ ¼ºÀå¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î ¹ßÀüÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í Çö´ë ¹®¸íÀº ¿µÀû ¹ßÀü°ú °¡Á¤ Á¦µµÀÇ º¸È£ ¸é¿¡¼­ °ÉÀ½À» ¸ØÃá »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
The greatest twentieth-century influences contributing to the furtherance of civilization and the advancement of culture are the marked increase in world travel and the unparalleled improvements in methods of communication. But the improvement in education has not kept pace with the expanding social structure; neither has the modern appreciation of ethics developed in correspondence with growth along more purely intellectual and scientific lines. And modern civilization is at a standstill in spiritual development and the safeguarding of the home institution.
81:6.26 (909.7) 9. Á¾Á·ÀÇ ÀÌ»ó. ÇÑ ¼¼´ëÀÇ ÀÌ»ó(×âßÌ)Àº ¹Ù·Î µÚÀÕ´Â Èļ¼¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿î¸íÀÇ °æ·Î¸¦ °³Ã´ÇÑ´Ù. »çȸ¿¡¼­ ȶºÒÀ» Áå ÀÚµéÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀº ¹®¸íÀÌ ÀüÁøÇϴ°¡ ÈÄÅðÇϴ°¡¸¦ Á¿ìÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ ¼¼´ëÀÇ °¡Á¤¤ý±³È¸¤ýÇб³´Â µÚÀÕ´Â ¼¼´ëÀÇ ÀΰÝÀÇ °æÇâÀ» ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ÇÑ Á¾Á·À̳ª ³ª¶ó°¡ µµ´öÀû¤ý¿µÀûÀ¸·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ÈûÀº ±× ¹®¸í¿¡¼­ ¹®È­ÀÇ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ´ëü·Î °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
9. The racial ideals. The ideals of one generation carve out the channels of destiny for immediate posterity. The quality of the social torchbearers will determine whether civilization goes forward or backward. The homes, churches, and schools of one generation predetermine the character trend of the succeeding generation. The moral and spiritual momentum of a race or a nation largely determines the cultural velocity of that civilization.
81:6.27 (909.8) ÀÌ»óÀº »çȸÀû È帧ÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀ» ³ôÀδÙ. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² È帧µµ, ¾Ð·ÂÀ̳ª ¹æÇâÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¹«½¼ ±â¼úÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±× ±Ù¿øº¸´Ù Á¶±Ýµµ ´õ ³ôÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°¡Áö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹®È­°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®¸íÀÇ °¡Àå ¹°ÁúÀû ¸éÀ» ÃßÁøÇÏ´Â ÈûÁ¶Â÷ »çȸÀÇ ¼ºÃë Áß¿¡¼­ ¹°Áú ¼ºÇâÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀº °÷¿¡ °ÅÇÑ´Ù. Áö´ÉÀº ¹®¸íÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ°í, ÁöÇý´Â À̸¦ ÁöÈÖÇÒÁö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ¿µÀû ÀÌ»óÀ» ã´Â °ÍÀº ÇÑ ´Þ¼º ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½ ¼öÁرîÁö Àΰ£ÀÇ ¹®È­¸¦ Á¤¸»·Î ³ôÀÌ°í ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÌ´Ù.
Ideals elevate the source of the social stream. And no stream will rise any higher than its source no matter what technique of pressure or directional control may be employed. The driving power of even the most material aspects of a cultural civilization is resident in the least material of society's achievements. Intelligence may control the mechanism of civilization, wisdom may direct it, but spiritual idealism is the energy which really uplifts and advances human culture from one level of attainment to another.
81:6.28 (910.1) óÀ½¿¡, ÀλýÀº Á¸ÀçÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ½Î¿òÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀλýÀº ÀÌÁ¦ »ýÈ° ¼öÁØÀ» ³ôÀ̱â À§ÇÑ ½Î¿òÀ̸ç, ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â »ý°¢ÀÇ ÁúÀ» ³ôÀÌ´Â ½Î¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ¿ä, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¶¥¿¡¼­ Àΰ£ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ñÇ¥ÀÌ´Ù.
At first life was a struggle for existence; now, for a standard of living; next it will be for quality of thinking, the coming earthly goal of human existence.
81:6.29 (910.2) 10. Àü¹®°¡ÀÇ Á¶Á¤. Ãʱ⿡ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ºÐ¾÷À¸·Î, ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ±×¿¡ µû¶ó Àü¹®È­ÇÑ °á°ú·Î ¹®¸íÀº ¾öû³ª°Ô Áøº¸µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹®¸íÀº ÀÌÁ¦ Àü¹®°¡µéÀ» È¿°ú ÀÖ°Ô Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. »çȸ°¡ È®´ëµÊ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­, ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àü¹®°¡µéÀ» ÇÔ²² ¸ðÀ¸´Â ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹ß°ßÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
10. Co-ordination of specialists. Civilization has been enormously advanced by the early division of labor and by its later corollary of specialization. Civilization is now dependent on the effective co-ordination of specialists. As society expands, some method of drawing together the various specialists must be found.
81:6.30 (910.3) »çȸ¤ý¿¹¼ú¤ý±â¼ú¤ý»ê¾÷ÀÇ Àü¹®°¡´Â ÁÙ°ð ´Ã¾î³ª°í, ±â¼ú°ú ¼÷´Þ ¸é¿¡¼­ ³ª¾ÆÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ´É·ÂÀÌ ´Ù¾çÈ­µÇ°í Á÷¾÷ÀÌ »óÀÌÇÑ °ÍÀº, Á¶Á¤ÇÏ°í Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â È¿°úÀû ¼ö´ÜÀÌ °³¹ßµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±Ã±Ø¿¡ Àΰ£ »çȸ¸¦ ¾àÈ­½ÃÅ°°í ¹«³ÊÁö°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ Ã¢ÀǼº°ú Àü¹®È­ ´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áø Áö´ÉÀº, ¹ß¸íÀÌ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ¼ºÀåÇÏ°í ¹®È­ ÆØâÀÇ °ÉÀ½ÀÌ »¡¶óÁüÀ¸·Î »ý±â´Â ¸ðµç ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ°í Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â Àû´çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °í¾ÈÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î À¯´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Social, artistic, technical, and industrial specialists will continue to multiply and increase in skill and dexterity. And this diversification of ability and dissimilarity of employment will eventually weaken and disintegrate human society if effective means of co-ordination and co-operation are not developed. But the intelligence which is capable of such inventiveness and such specialization should be wholly competent to devise adequate methods of control and adjustment for all problems resulting from the rapid growth of invention and the accelerated pace of cultural expansion.
81:6.31 (910.4) 11. ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ã´Â ¹æÃ¥. »çȸÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½ ½Ã´ë´Â, Ç×»ó ´Ã¾î³ª°í È®´ëµÇ´Â Àü¹®È­¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ´õ ³´°Ô, ´õ È¿°ú ÀÖ´Â Çùµ¿°ú Á¶Á¤¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÌ ´õ¿í ´Ù¾çÈ­µÊ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­, °³ÀÎÀ» Àû´çÇÑ ÀÏÀÚ¸®·Î ÁöµµÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ±â¼úÀÌ °í¾ÈµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¹®¸íÈ­µÈ ¹ÎÁ·µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­, ±â°è´Â ½Ç¾÷(ã÷åö)À» ³º´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. °æÁ¦ÀÇ º¹À⼺, ±×¸®°í »ê¾÷ ¹× Á÷¾÷ÀÇ Àü¹®È­°¡ ²ÙÁØÈ÷ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÏÀÚ¸® ã¾ÆÁÖ´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´õ¿í ¾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù.
11. Place-finding devices. The next age of social development will be embodied in a better and more effective co-operation and co-ordination of ever-increasing and expanding specialization. And as labor more and more diversifies, some technique for directing individuals to suitable employment must be devised. Machinery is not the only cause for unemployment among the civilized peoples of Urantia. Economic complexity and the steady increase of industrial and professional specialism add to the problems of labor placement.
81:6.32 (910.5) »ç¶÷À» ÀÏÇϵµ·Ï ÈÆ·ÃÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸À¸·Î ³Ë³ËÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. º¹ÀâÇÑ »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ã´Â È¿°úÀû ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »ý°è¸¦ ÀÕ´Â »ó´çÈ÷ Ư¼öÈ­µÈ ±â¼úÀ» ½Ã¹Î¿¡°Ô ÈƷýÃÅ°±â Àü¿¡, Àü¹®È­µÈ ÀÏ¿¡¼­ Àá½Ã ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ÀÒ¾úÀ» ¶§ ÀÌ¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ º¸Åë ³ëµ¿¤ý»ó¾÷, ¶Ç´Â Á÷Á¾¿¡¼­ ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¹®¸íµµ Å« ½Ç¾÷ÀÚ °è±ÞÀ» ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö´Ï°í¼­ »ì¾Æ³²À» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ª¸é, ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ½Ã¹ÎÁ¶Â÷ °ø°ø(ÍëÍì) ±Ý°í·ÎºÎÅÍ Áö¿øÀ» ¹ÞÀ½À¸·Î ºñ¶Ô¾îÁö°í »ç±â(ÞÍѨ)¸¦ ÀÒ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î º£Çª´Â ÀÚ¼±Á¶Â÷, ÆÈ´Ù¸®°¡ ¸ÖÂÄÇÑ ½Ã¹Î¿¡°Ô ¿À·¡ º£Ç®¾úÀ» ¶§ Çص¶ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
It is not enough to train men for work; in a complex society there must also be provided efficient methods of place finding. Before training citizens in the highly specialized techniques of earning a living, they should be trained in one or more methods of commonplace labor, trades or callings which could be utilized when they were transiently unemployed in their specialized work. No civilization can survive the long-time harboring of large classes of unemployed. In time, even the best of citizens will become distorted and demoralized by accepting support from the public treasury. Even private charity becomes pernicious when long extended to able-bodied citizens.
81:6.33 (910.6) °íµµ·Î Àü¹®È­µÈ ±×·± »çȸ´Â ¿¾ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ ¿À·¡ µÈ °øµ¿Ã¼ ¹× ºÀ°ÇÀû °ü½ÀÀ» ´Þ°©°Ô ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº º¸Åë ¼­ºñ½º°¡ ¼ö±àÇÒ ¸¸ÇÏ°Ô, ÀÌ·Ó°Ô »çȸȭµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ Âü¸»ÀÌÁö¸¸, ÃѸíÇÏ°Ô Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ±â¼ú·Î, »ó´çÈ÷ ÈÆ·Ã¹Þ°í ±Øµµ·Î Àü¹®È­µÈ Àΰ£µéÀ» ÃÖ¼±À¸·Î °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Çö´ëÈ­µÈ Á¶Á¤°ú ¿ìÈ£Àû ±ÔÁ¦´Â, ´õ ³°Àº ¿ø½Ã °ø»êÁÖÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ̳ª ¹«·Â(ÙëÕô)¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ°í µ¶Àç·Î ±ÔÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ±â±¸º¸´Ù ´õ ¿À·¡ °¡´Â Çùµ¿À» ³ºÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Such a highly specialized society will not take kindly to the ancient communal and feudal practices of olden peoples. True, many common services can be acceptably and profitably socialized, but highly trained and ultraspecialized human beings can best be managed by some technique of intelligent co-operation. Modernized co-ordination and fraternal regulation will be productive of longer-lived co-operation than will the older and more primitive methods of communism or dictatorial regulative institutions based on force.
81:6.34 (910.7) 12. ±â²¨ÀÌ Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â Á¤½Å. Àΰ£ »çȸÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ ÇϳªÀÇ Å« Àå¾Ö¹°Àº Å©°í »çȸȭµÈ Àΰ£ Áý´Ü, ±×¸®°í ±×º¸´Ù ÀÛ°í ¹Ý´ë »ý°¢À» °¡Áø ´Üü, Áï ¹Ý»çȸÀû »ý°¢À» °¡Áø °³º° Àΰ£Àº ¸»ÇÒ °Íµµ ¾ø°í, ÀηùÀÇ ¹Ý»çȸÀû ´Üü, ÀÌ µÑÀÇ ÀÌÀÍ°ú º¹Áö »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ »ý±â´Â ½Î¿òÀÌ´Ù.
12. The willingness to co-operate. One of the great hindrances to the progress of human society is the conflict between the interests and welfare of the larger, more socialized human groups and of the smaller, contrary-minded asocial associations of mankind, not to mention antisocially-minded single individuals.
81:6.35 (910.8) ±³À° ¹æ¹ý°ú Á¾±³Àû ÀÌ»óÀÌ, ³ôÀº Á¾·ùÀÇ ÃѸíÇÑ ¾Ö±¹½É°ú ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çå½ÅÀ» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ¾î¶² ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹®¸íµµ ¿À·¡ °¡Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ºÎ·ùÀÇ ÃѸíÇÑ ¾Ö±¹½É°ú ¹®È­Àû ´Ü°áÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é, ¸ðµç ±¹°¡°¡ Áö¹æÀû ÁúÅõ¿Í Áö¿ªÀÇ ÀÚü À̱ÇÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼­, ¹«³ÊÁö´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
No national civilization long endures unless its educational methods and religious ideals inspire a high type of intelligent patriotism and national devotion. Without this sort of intelligent patriotism and cultural solidarity, all nations tend to disintegrate as a result of provincial jealousies and local self-interests.
81:6.36 (911.1) ¼¼°èÀû ¹®¸íÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÆòÈ­¿Í Ä£±³ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÔ²² »ç´Â°¡¸¦ ¹è¿ì´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. È¿°úÀû Á¶Á¤ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ, »ê¾÷ ¹®¸íÀº Áö³ªÄ£ Àü¹®È­ÀÇ À§Çè, Áï ´ÜÁ¶·Î¿ò°ú ÆíÇù, ±×¸®°í ºÒ½Å°ú ÁúÅõ¸¦ ±â¸£´Â ¼ºÇâÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© À§ÅÂ·Ó°Ô µÈ´Ù.
The maintenance of world-wide civilization is dependent on human beings learning how to live together in peace and fraternity. Without effective co-ordination, industrial civilization is jeopardized by the dangers of ultraspecialization: monotony, narrowness, and the tendency to breed distrust and jealousy.
81:6.37 (911.2) 13. È¿°úÀûÀÌ°í ÁöÇý·Î¿î ÁöµµÃþ. ¹®¸í¿¡´Â ¸¹Àº °Í, Çã´ÙÇÑ °ÍÀÌ, ¿­½ÉÈ÷ È¿°ú ÀÖ°Ô ÁüÀ» ²ø¾î´ç±â´Â Á¤½Å¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. Å« ÁüÀ» µå´Â µ¥ ¿­ »ç¶÷Àº, ÇÔ²²¡ª¸ðµÎ°¡ °°Àº ¼ø°£¿¡¡ªµéÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ÇÑ »ç¶÷º¸´Ù ³ªÀ» °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ´Üü ÀÛ¾÷¡ª»çȸÀû Çùµ¿¡ªÀº ÁöµµÃþ¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. Áö³­³¯°ú ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¹®È­Àû ¹®¸íÀº, ½Ã¹ÎÀÌ ÁöÇý·Î¿î ÁøÃëÀû ÁöµµÀÚµé°ú ¿µ¸®ÇÏ°Ô Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´õ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ÁøÈ­Çϱâ±îÁö, ¹®¸íÀº ÁöÇý·Ó°í È°·Â ÀÖ´Â ÁöµµÃþ¿¡ °è¼Ó ÀÇÁ¸ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
13. Effective and wise leadership. In civilization much, very much, depends on an enthusiastic and effective load-pulling spirit. Ten men are of little more value than one in lifting a great load unless they lift together-all at the same moment. And such teamwork-social co-operation-is dependent on leadership. The cultural civilizations of the past and the present have been based upon the intelligent co-operation of the citizenry with wise and progressive leaders; and until man evolves to higher levels, civilization will continue to be dependent on wise and vigorous leadership.
81:6.38 (911.3) ³ôÀº ¹®¸íÀº ¹°ÁúÀû ºÎ(Ý£), ÁöÀû À§´ëÇÔ, µµ´öÀû °¡Ä¡, »çȸÀû ÀçÄ¡, ¿ìÁÖ ÅëÂû·Â, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» Çö¸íÇÏ°Ô »ó°ü½ÃÅ´À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Å¾´Ù.
High civilizations are born of the sagacious correlation of material wealth, intellectual greatness, moral worth, social cleverness, and cosmic insight.
81:6.39 (911.4) 14. »çȸÀÇ º¯È­. »çȸ´Â ½ÅÀÌ ÁØ Á¦µµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. »çȸ´Â Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î ÁøÈ­ÇÏ´Â Çö»óÀÌ´Ù. ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ ±× ½Ã´ëÀÇ °úÇÐÀÇ ¹ßÀü°ú ¹ß°ÉÀ½À» ¸ÂÃß´Â µ¥ ÇʼöÀÎ »çȸ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ ´õµð°Ô ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¶§, ÀüÁøÇÏ´Â ¹®¸íÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ´Ê¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °Í ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿À·¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¸À¸·Î »ç¹°À» ¾÷½Å¿©°Ü¼­´Â ¾È µÇ¸ç, ÇÑ °³³äÀ» ´Ù¸¸ Áø±âÇÏ°í »õ·Ó´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¹«Á¶°Ç äÅÃÇؼ­µµ ¾È µÈ´Ù.
14. Social changes. S ociety is not a divine institution; it is a phenomenon of progressive evolution; and advancing civilization is always delayed when its leaders are slow in making those changes in the social organization which are essential to keeping pace with the scientific developments of the age. For all that, things must not be despised just because they are old, neither should an idea be unconditionally embraced just because it is novel and new.
81:6.40 (911.5) »ç¶÷Àº »çȸÀÇ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °¡Áö°í ½ÇÇèÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹®È­ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðÇèÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã, »çȸ ÁøÈ­ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ Åë´ÞÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÇ ÅëÁ¦¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °³ÇõÀÚµéÀº °í·ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â »çȸ ½ÇÇèÀ̳ª °æÁ¦ ½ÇÇèÀÇ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ½ÇÁö·Î üÇèÀ» °¡Áø ÀÚµéÀÇ ÁöÇý¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÂüÁ¶ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² Å« »çȸÀÇ º¯È­³ª °æÁ¦ÀÇ º¯È­µµ °©Àڱ⠽õµÇؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ¿Â°® Á¾·ùÀÇ Àΰ£Àû Á¶Á¤¡ª¹°¸®Àû¤ý»çȸÀû, ¶Ç´Â °æÁ¦Àû Á¶Á¤¡ª¿¡´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÇʼöÀÌ´Ù. ¿À·ÎÁö µµ´öÀû¤ý¿µÀû Á¶Á¤ÀÌ ¼ø°£¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ°í, À̰͵éÁ¶Â÷ ±× ¹°ÁúÀû¤ý»çȸÀû ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ ½Ã°£ÀÇ È帧ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¹®¸íÀÌ ÇÑ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡´Â Áß´ëÇÑ ½Ã±â¿¡, ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ÀÌ»ó(ìµßÌ)Àº ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ÁöÁö¿Í È®½ÅÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
Man should be unafraid to experiment with the mechanisms of society. But always should these adventures in cultural adjustment be controlled by those who are fully conversant with the history of social evolution; and always should these innovators be counseled by the wisdom of those who have had practical experience in the domains of contemplated social or economic experiment. No great social or economic change should be attempted suddenly. Time is essential to all types of human adjustment-physical, social, or economic. Only moral and spiritual adjustments can be made on the spur of the moment, and even these require the passing of time for the full outworking of their material and social repercussions. The ideals of the race are the chief support and assurance during the critical times when civilization is in transit from one level to another.
81:6.41 (911.6) 15. °úµµ±â ºØ±«ÀÇ ¿¹¹æ. »çȸ´Â ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ½ÃÇà Âø¿À·Î ¾òÀº »ê¹°ÀÌ´Ù. »çȸ´Â µ¿¹° ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ Ç༺ ÁöÀ§¸¦ °¡Áø Àΰ£ ¼öÁرîÁö Àηù°¡ ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ´Ü°è¸¦ ¿Ã¶ó°¨À¸·Î ¼±ÅÃÇؼ­ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ°í, °Åµì Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿© »ì¾Æ³²Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¹®¸í¿¡¼­µµ¡ª¾î´À ÇÑ ¼ø°£¿¡µµ¡ª°¡Àå Å« À§ÇèÀº °ú°ÅÀÇ Á¤ÂøµÈ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »õ·Ó°í ´õ ³´Áö¸¸ ½Ç½ÀÇØ º¸Áö ¾ÊÀº ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ °úÁ¤À¸·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡´Â ½Ã±â¿¡, ºØ±«µÇ´Â À§ÇùÀÌ´Ù.
15. The prevention of transitional breakdown. Society is the offspring of age upon age of trial and error; it is what survived the selective adjustments and readjustments in the successive stages of mankind's agelong rise from animal to human levels of planetary status. The great danger to any civilization-at any one moment-is the threat of breakdown during the time of transition from the established methods of the past to those new and better, but untried, procedures of the future.
81:6.42 (911.7) ÁöµµÃþÀº Áøº¸¸¦ Á¿ìÇÑ´Ù. ÁöÇý¤ýÅëÂû·Â¤ý¼±°ßÀº ±¹°¡°¡ Áö¼ÓÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇʼöÀÌ´Ù. À¯´ÉÇÑ ÁöµµÃþÀÌ ºñ·Î¼Ò »ç¶óÁú ¶§±îÁö ¹®¸íÀº °áÄÚ Á¤¸»·Î À§Å·ÓÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ÁöÇý·Î¿î ÁöµµÀÚÀÇ ¼ö´Â °áÄÚ Àα¸ÀÇ 1ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¸¦ ³ÑÀº ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.
Leadership is vital to progress. Wisdom, insight, and foresight are indispensable to the endurance of nations. Civilization is never really jeopardized until able leadership begins to vanish. And the quantity of such wise leadership has never exceeded one per cent of the population.
81:6.43 (911.8) ¹®¸íÀº ÁøÈ­ÀÇ »ç´Ù¸®¿¡¼­ ÀÌ °¡·Î´ë¸¦ µó°í, ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ÆØâÇÏ´Â 20¼¼±âÀÇ ¹®È­¸¦ ³ºÀº ÈûÂù ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ °³½ÃµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ¸®¿¡±îÁö ¿Ã¶ó°¬´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿À·ÎÁö ÀÌ ÇʼöÀÎ °Íµé¿¡ ÁýÂøÇÔÀ¸·Î, »ç¶÷Àº ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¹®¸íÀÌ °è¼Ó ¹ßÀüÇÏ°í È®½ÇÈ÷ »ì¾Æ³²µµ·Ï ¸¶·ÃÇϸ鼭, ±× ¹®¸íÀ» À¯ÁöÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ö ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
And it was by these rungs on the evolutionary ladder that civilization climbed to that place where those mighty influences could be initiated which have culminated in the rapidly expanding culture of the twentieth century. And only by adherence to these essentials can man hope to maintain his present-day civilizations while providing for their continued development and certain survival.
81:6.44 (912.1) ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´ã ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ·Î ¹®¸íÀ» ¼¼¿ì·Á°í ¼¼»óÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ °ÞÀº, ±æ°í ±ä ÅõÀïÀÇ ¿äÁ¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¹®È­´Â ÀÌ ¹÷Âù ÁøÈ­¿¡¼­ »ý±ä ÃÖÁ¾ÀÇ °á°úÀÌ´Ù. ÀμⰡ ¹ß°ßµÇ±â Àü¿¡´Â Áøº¸°¡ ºñ±³Àû ´À·È´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÇÑ ¼¼´ë°¡ ¾Õ ¼¼´ëµéÀÇ ¾÷ÀûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×·¸°Ô »¡¸® À̵æÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ Àΰ£ »çȸ´Â ¹®¸íÀÌ ÅõÀïÇØ ¿Â, Áö±Ý±îÁöÀÇ ¼¼¿ù µ¿¾È¿¡ ÃàÀûµÈ ¿©¼¼(æ®á§)ÀÇ ÈûÀ¸·Î, ¾ÕÀ¸·Î µ¹ÁøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
This is the gist of the long, long struggle of the peoples of earth to establish civilization since the age of Adam. Present-day culture is the net result of this strenuous evolution. Before the discovery of printing, progress was relatively slow since one generation could not so rapidly benefit from the achievements of its predecessors. But now human society is plunging forward under the force of the accumulated momentum of all the ages through which civilization has struggled.
81:6.45 (912.2) [³×¹Ùµ·ÀÇ ÇÑ Ãµ»çÀåÀÌ ÈÄ¿øÇÏ¿´´Ù.]
[Sponsored by an Archangel of Nebadon.]

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