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81 Æí
Çö´ë ¹®¸íÀÇ ¹ßÀü
81:0.1 (900.1) Ä®¸®°¡½ºÆ¼¾Æ¿Í ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¿¡¼ ¿¹»óÇß´ø, ¼¼»ó °³¼± °èȹÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇÔÀ¸·Î »ý±ä º¯µ¿°ú
»ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, Àΰ£ÀÇ Áøº¸¿Í Á¾Á·ÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» Àç´Â ´«±ÝÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§ ÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ ±âº» À¯±âüÀÇ ÁøÈ´Â Á¾Á·µéÀ» °è¼Ó ¾ÕÀ¸·Î
³ª¾Æ°¡°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁøÈ´Â ´ÊÃâ ¼ö À־ ¸ØÃâ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
81:0.2 (900.2) º¸¶ó ÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ
¿µÇâÀº, °èȹÇß´ø °Íº¸´Ù ¼ö°¡ Àû±â´Â Ç߾ ¹®¸íÀÇ Áøº¸¸¦ ³º¾Ò°í, ÀÌ ¿µÇâÀº ¾Æ´ã ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ¿¡, Àηù°¡ °ÅÀÇ
1¹é¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È, ÀÌÀüÀÇ Á¸Àç Àüü¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼ Áøº¸Çß´ø °Íº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ÄÇ´Ù.
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Paper 81
Development of Modern Civilization
81:0.1 Regardless of the ups and downs of the miscarriage of
the plans for world betterment projected in the missions of
Caligastia and Adam, the basic organic evolution of the human
species continued to carry the races forward in the scale of
human progress and racial development. Evolution can be delayed
but it cannot be stopped.
81:0.2 The influence of the violet race, though in numbers smaller
than had been planned, produced an advance in civilization which,
since the days of Adam, has far exceeded the progress of mankind
throughout its entire previous existence of almost a million
years.
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1.
¹®¸íÀÇ ¿ä¶÷
81:1.1 (900.3) ¾Æ´ã ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ·Î
¾à 3¸¸ 5õ ³â µ¿¾È, ¹®¸íÀÇ ¿ä¶÷Àº ¼³² ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ³ªÀÏ ° À¯¿ªÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î, Á¶±Ý ºÏÂÊ¿¡
¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ ºÏºÎ¸¦ °¡·ÎÁö¸£°í, ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾Æ¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼ Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀ¸·Î °è¼Ó »¸¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±âÈÄ´Â ±× ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¹®¸íÀ»
¼¼¿ì´Â µ¥ °áÁ¤Àû ¿äÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù.
81:1.2 (900.4) ¾Æ´ã Á·¼ÓÀÇ
Ãʱâ À̵¿À» ±×Ä¡°Ô ÇÑ °ÍÀº ºÏ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í ¼ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø Å« ±âÈÄ ¹× ÁöÁúÇÐÀû º¯È¿´À¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀº È®´ëµÈ
ÁöÁßÇØ·Î ±×µéÀ» À¯·´ ¹æÇâ¿¡¼ ¸·°í, À̹ÎÀÇ ¹°°áÀ» ºÏÂʰú µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î, Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀ¸·Î, »©µ¹·È´Ù. À°Áö°¡ ¿Ã¶ó¿À°í
±×¿¡ µû¶ó ±âÈÄÀÇ º¯È°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±×Ä¥ ¶§°¡ µÇ¾î, ±â¿øÀü ¾à 15,000³â¿¡, µ¿ÂÊ¿¡´Â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ »ê¸ÆÀ¸·Î,
¼ÂÊ¿¡´Â À¯·´¿¡¼ È®´ëµÇ´Â ½£À¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °¤Çô ÀÖ´ø ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÇ ¹®ÈÀû È¿¼Ò¿Í »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ºñÃàÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí,
¹®¸íÀº ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¸·´Ù¸¥ °ñ¸ñ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö Á¤Ã¼µÇ¾ú´Ù.
81:1.3 (900.5) ±âÈÄÀÇ
ÁøÈ´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ, À¯¶ó½Ã¾Æ »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý »ç³ÉÀ»
¹ö¸®°í ´õ Áøº¸µÈ µ¿¹° ±â¸£±â¿Í ³ó»ç Á÷Á¾À» °¡Áö¶ó°í °¿äÇÑ´Ù. ÁøÈ´Â ´À¸±±î ½ÍÁö¸¸, ¹«¼·°Ô È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
81:1.4 (900.6) ÃʱâÀÇ
³ó»ç²ÛµéÀÌ ³ë¿¹µéÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ ³Î¸® ÀÌ¿ëÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡, ³óºÎ´Â ¿¹Àü¿¡ »ç³É²Û°ú ¸ñÀÚ ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ¾÷½Å¿©±èÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¿À·£
¼¼¿ù µ¿¾È ¶¥À» °æÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº õÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÈëÀ» ¸¸Áö´Â ÀÏÀº ÀúÁÖ¶ó´Â °³³äÀÌ »ý°å´Âµ¥, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á
ÈëÀ¸·Î ¼ö°íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç Ãູ °¡¿îµ¥ À¸¶äÀÌ´Ù. Ä«Àΰú ¾Æº§ÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡µµ ¸ñÃà »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÙÄ¡´Â °ÍÀº ³ó»ê¹°À»
µå¸®´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀÌ ¿©°å´Ù.
81:1.5 (900.7) »ç¶÷Àº
º¸Åë »ç³É²ÛÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¸ñÀÚÀÇ ½Ã±â¸¦ °ÅÃļ ¹Ù²î¾î ³ó»ç²ÛÀ¸·Î ÁøÈÇßÀ¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Èµå Á·¼Ó »çÀÌ¿¡ Âü¸»À̾úÁö¸¸,
±×º¸´Ù ´õ ÈçÇϰÔ, ±âÈÄÀÇ Çʿ信 µû¸¥ ÁøÈÀû °¿ä°¡ ºÎÁ· Àüü¸¦ »ç³É²ÛÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼º°øÀû ³óºÎ·Î ¹Ù·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡µµ·Ï
¸¸µé°ï Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç³É¿¡¼ ³ó»ç·Î ¹Ù·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡´Â ÀÌ Çö»óÀº, º¸¶ó ÇÍÁÙ°ú ³ôÀº Á¤µµ·Î Á¾Á·ÀÌ È¥ÇÕµÈ Áö¿ª¿¡¼¸¸
ÀϾ´Ù.
81:1.6 (901.1) ÁøÈ ¹ÎÁ·µé(ƯÈ÷
Áß±¹ÀÎ)Àº, ¾î¼´Ù°¡ ÃàÃàÇÏ°Ô µÈ ¾¾³ª Á×Àº ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹«´ý¿¡ µÐ ¾¾°¡ ½ÏÆ®´Â °ÍÀ» ÁöÄѺ½À¸·Î, ¾¾¸¦
½É°í ³óÀÛ¹° Àç¹èÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ü´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼³² ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ µÎ·ç, ±â¸§Áø ° ¹Ù´Ú°ú ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ Æò¾ß¸¦ µû¶ó¼,
¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀº ¼±Á¶·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹°·Á¹ÞÀº °³·®µÈ ³ó¾÷ ±â¼úÀ» ¾²°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±× ¼±Á¶´Â µÑ° µ¿»êÀÇ Å׵θ® ¾È¿¡¼ ³ó¾÷°ú
ä¼Ò °¡²Ù±â¸¦ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ Á÷¾÷À¸·Î »ï¾Ò´Ù.
81:1.7 (901.2) ¸îõ ³â
µ¿¾È ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ÀÚ¼ÕµéÀº, ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾ÆÀÇ À§ÂÊ °æ°è¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °íÁö Àü¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃļ, µ¿»ê¿¡¼ °³·®ÇÑ ¹Ð°ú º¸¸®¸¦ ½É¾ú´Ù.
¾Æ´ã°ú ¾Æ´ã¼ÕÀÇ ÀÚ¼ÕµéÀº ¿©±â¼ ¸¸³ª¼ ¹«¿ªÇϰí, »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¯¿´´Ù.
81:1.8 (901.3) »ýȰ Á¶°ÇÀÌ
ÀÌ·¸°Ô °Á¦·Î º¯ÈµÈ °ÍÀº ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº ºñÀ²ÀÇ Àηù·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ½Ä»ýȰ °ü½À¿¡¼ Àâ½ÄÀ» Çϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í
¹Ð¤ý½Ò¤ýä¼Ò·Î µÈ ½Ä»ç(ãÝÞÀ)¿Í °¡ÃàÀÇ °í±â¸¦ ¼¯¾î ¸Ô´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ °í´ë ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ °Ç°°ú Ȱ·Â ¸é¿¡¼ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î
³ª¾Æ°¡´Â Å« °ÉÀ½À» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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1. The Cradle of Civilization
81:1.1 For about thirty-five thousand years
after the days of Adam, the cradle of civilization was in southwestern
Asia, extending from the Nile valley eastward and slightly to
the north across northern Arabia, through Mesopotamia, and on
into Turkestan. And climate was the decisive factor in the establishment
of civilization in that area.
81:1.2 It was the great climatic and geologic changes in northern
Africa and western Asia that terminated the early migrations
of the Adamites, barring them from Europe by the expanded Mediterranean
and diverting the stream of migration north and east into Turkestan.
By the time of the completion of these land elevations and associated
climatic changes, about 15,000 B.C., civilization had settled
down to a world-wide stalemate except for the cultural ferments
and biologic reserves of the Andites still confined by mountains
to the east in Asia and by the expanding forests in Europe to
the west.
81:1.3 Climatic evolution is now about to accomplish what all
other efforts had failed to do, that is, to compel Eurasian
man to abandon hunting for the more advanced callings of herding
and farming. Evolution may be slow, but it is terribly effective.
81:1.4 Since slaves were so generally employed by the earlier
agriculturists, the farmer was formerly looked down on by both
the hunter and the herder. For ages it was considered menial
to till the soil; wherefore the idea that soil toil is a curse,
whereas it is the greatest of all blessings. Even in the days
of Cain and Abel the sacrifices of the pastoral life were held
in greater esteem than the offerings of agriculture.
81:1.5 Man ordinarily evolved into a farmer from a hunter by
transition through the era of the herder, and this was also
true among the Andites, but more often the evolutionary coercion
of climatic necessity would cause whole tribes to pass directly
from hunters to successful farmers. But this phenomenon of passing
immediately from hunting to agriculture only occurred in those
regions where there was a high degree of race mixture with the
violet stock.
81:1.6 The evolutionary peoples (notably the Chinese) early
learned to plant seeds and to cultivate crops through observation
of the sprouting of seeds accidentally moistened or which had
been put in graves as food for the departed. But throughout
southwest Asia, along the fertile river bottoms and adjacent
plains, the Andites were carrying out the improved agricultural
techniques inherited from their ancestors, who had made farming
and gardening the chief pursuits within the boundaries of the
second garden.
81:1.7 For thousands of years the descendants of Adam had grown
wheat and barley, as improved in the Garden, throughout the
highlands of the upper border of Mesopotamia. The descendants
of Adam and Adamson here met, traded, and socially mingled.
81:1.8 It was these enforced changes in living conditions which
caused such a large proportion of the human race to become omnivorous
in dietetic practice. And the combination of the wheat, rice,
and vegetable diet with the flesh of the herds marked a great
forward step in the health and vigor of these ancient peoples.
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2.
¹®¸íÀÇ µµ±¸
81:2.1 (901.4) ¹®ÈÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀº ¹®¸íÀÇ
µµ±¸(Ô³Îý)°¡ ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ß¸¸À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Ã¶ó°¡¸é¼ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ µµ±¸´Â ±× µµ±¸°¡ ´õ ³ôÀº °úÁ¦¸¦
¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀηÂÀ» ÇØ¹æÇÏ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±× Çѵµ±îÁö È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
81:2.2 (901.5) »çȸÀû ¸é¿¡¼ ¹®È°¡ ½ÏÆ®°í Áøº¸°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ Çö´ëÀÇ Àå¸é¿¡¼ Áö±Ý »ç´Â ³ÊÈñ´Â,
»çȸ¿Í ¹®¸í¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© »ý°¢ÇÒ ¿©ºÐÀÇ °Ü¸¦ÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î Á¶±Ý Àִµ¥, ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¿¾ ¼±Á¶µéÀÌ ±íÀÌ µ¹ÀÌÄѺ¸°í »çȸÀûÀÎ
»ý°¢À» ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¹ÙÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿©°¡°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¶Ç´Â µµ¹«Áö ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» °£°úÇØ¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
81:2.3 (901.6) Àΰ£ÀÇ ¹®¸í¿¡¼ óÀ½ 4´ë Áøº¸´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°¾Ò´Ù:
81:2.4 (901.7) 1. ºÒÀ» ´Ù·ç±â.
81:2.5 (901.8) 2. µ¿¹° ±æµéÀ̱â.
81:2.6 (901.9) 3. Æ÷·Î¸¦ ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µç °Í.
81:2.7 (901.10) 4. »çÀ¯(Þçêó) Àç»ê.
81:2.8 (901.11) ºÒÀº óÀ½À¸·Î Å« ¹ß°ßÀ̾ú°í ±Ã±Ø¿¡ °úÇÐ ¼¼°è¿¡ À̸£´Â ¹®À» ¿¾úÁö¸¸, ÀÌ Á¡¿¡¼
¿ø½ÃÀο¡°Ô °ÅÀÇ °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ º¸Åë Çö»óÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
81:2.9 (901.12) ¾îµð¿¡¼ ºÒÀÌ ¿Ô´Â°¡ Áú¹®À» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ¾Èµ·°ú ºÎ½Ëµ¹ÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ À̾߱â´Â, ¾î¶²
ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺¶ó´Â ÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ºÒÀ» Çϴ÷κÎÅÍ ÈÉÃÆ´Â°¡ ÇÏ´Â Àü¼³·Î °ð ´ëüµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¾³¯ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¸ö¼Ò
ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ¹üÀ§ ¹Ù±ùÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿¬ Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÃÊÀÚ¿¬Àû ¼³¸íÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ¾Ö½è´Ù. ¸¹Àº Çö´ëÀεµ °è¼Ó ÀÌ·¸°Ô
ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¥¹Ù ÀÚ¿¬ Çö»óÀ» ºñÀÎ°Ý Çö»óÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀÌ °É·È°í, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Âü
¿øÀÎÀ» ã´Â ¼ÖÁ÷Çϰí Á¤Á÷ÇÏ°í µÎ·Á¿ò ¾ø´Â ¿¬±¸°¡ Çö´ë °úÇÐÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù: ±×·± ¿¬±¸°¡ Á¡¼ºÇÐÀ» õ¹®ÇÐÀ¸·Î, ¿¬±Ý¼úÀ»
ÈÇÐÀ¸·Î, ¸¶¼úÀ» ÀǼú(ì¢âú)·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù.
81:2.10 (901.13) ±â°è°¡ »ý±â±â Àü ½Ã´ë¿¡, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½º½º·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÏÀ» ÇØ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ
¹æ¹ýÀº µ¿¹°ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ̾ú´Ù. µ¿¹°À» ±æµéÀÎ °ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¿¬ÀåÀ» Áã¾î ÁÖ¾ú°í, µ¿¹°À» ¿µ¸®ÇϰÔ
»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³ó¾÷°ú ¼ö¼ÛÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±æÀ» ÁغñÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¿¹°ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ, »ç¶÷Àº ¿ø½Ã »óÅ·κÎÅÍ ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ¹®¸í
¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¥ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
81:2.11 (902.1) ±æµéÀ̱⿡ °¡Àå Àû´çÇÑ µ¿¹°ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼, ƯÈ÷ Áß¾Ó Áö¿ª¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ¼³²
Áö¿ª¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ¾î°¼ ¼¼°èÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î´À ºÎºÐº¸´Ù ±× À§Ä¡¿¡¼ ¹®¸íÀÌ ´õ »¡¸® Áøº¸Çߴ°¡
ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¿´´Ù. ÀÌ µ¿¹° Áß¿¡ ´Ù¼ö´Â µÎ ¹øÀ̳ª ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±æµéÀÎ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¾Èµå Á·¼Ó ½Ã´ë¿¡ ±× µ¿¹°À»
´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹ø ±æµé¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °³´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·¡ ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡, ûÀÎÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ µÚ·Î ´Ã »ç³É²Û°ú ÇÔ²² ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
81:2.12 (902.2) Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀÇ ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀº ¸»À» ³Î¸® ±æµéÀΠù ¹ÎÁ·À̾ú°í, À̰ÍÀÌ ¾î°¼ ±×µéÀÇ
¹®È°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö¹èÇߴ°¡ ÇÏ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù. ±â¿øÀü 5000³âÀÌ µÇÀÚ, ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾Æ¤ýÅõ¸£Å°½ºÅº¤ýÁß±¹ÀÇ
³óºÎµéÀº ¾ç¤ý¿°¼Ò¤ý¼Ò¤ý³«Å¸, ¸»¤ý°¡±Ý¤ýÄÚ³¢¸®¸¦ ±â¸£±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº Ȳ¼Ò¤ý³«Å¸¤ý¸»¤ý¾ßÅ©¸¦ Áü ½Æ´Â Áü½ÂÀ¸·Î
ÀÌ¿ëÇß´Ù. ¹Ù·Î »ç¶÷Àº ÇѶ§ ÁüÀ» ºÎ¸®´Â Áü½ÂÀ̾ú´Ù. ûÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ ¾î´À ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ´Â ÇѶ§ ±×ÀÇ Áü²Û °Å·ùÁö¿¡ 10¸¸
¸íÀ» °Å´À¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
81:2.13 (902.3) ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ¿Í ÅäÁö¸¦ »çÀ¯(Þçêó)ÇÏ´Â Á¦µµ´Â ³ó¾÷°ú ÇÔ²² ¿Ô´Ù. ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ´Â ÁÖÀÎÀÇ
»ýȰ ¼öÁØÀ» ³ô¿© ÁÖ¾ú°í, »çȸÀÇ ¹®È¸¦ ´©¸± ¿©°¡¸¦ ´õ ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
81:2.14 (902.4) ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº ÀÚ¿¬¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â ³ë¿¹ÀÌÁö¸¸, °úÇÐ ¹®¸íÀº õõÈ÷ Àηù¿¡°Ô ´Ã¾î³ª´Â ÀÚÀ¯¸¦
ºÎ¿©Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿¹°¤ýºÒ¤ý¹Ù¶÷¤ý¹°¤ýÀü±â, ±×¸®°í ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¿¡³ÊÁö ±Ù¿øÀ» ÅëÇØ¼, »ç¶÷Àº ½¯»õ¾øÀÌ
¼ö°íÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÇØ¹æÇß°í, ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ °è¼Ó ÇØ¹æÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±â°è¸¦ dzºÎÇÏ°Ô ¹ß¸íÇÔÀ¸·Î »ý±â´Â ÀϽÃÀû
¾î·Á¿ò°ú »ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, ±×·¯ÇÑ ±â°è ¹ß¸íÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò°Ô µÇ´Â ±Ã±ØÀÇ À̵æÀº Ãø·®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ´Â
»õ·Ó°í ´õ ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ý°¢Çϰí, °èȹÇϰí, »ó»óÇÒ ¿©°¡¸¦ °¡Áú ¶§±îÁö, ¹®¸íÀº ¼¼¿öÁö±â´ÂÄ¿³ç, °áÄÚ ¹ø¿µÇÒ
¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
81:2.15 (902.5) »ç¶÷Àº ¸ÕÀú Àº½Åó¸¦ ´ÜÁö ÃëÇϰí, ¹ÙÀ§ ¼±¹Ý ¹Ø¿¡ »ì°Å³ª µ¿±¼¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇß´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡
³ª¹«¿Í µ¹ °°Àº õ¿¬ Àç·á¸¦ °¡Á· ¿ò¸·À» Áþ´Â µ¥ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ÁýÀ» Áþ´Â âÁ¶ ´Ü°è¿¡ µé¾î°¬°í,
º®µ¹°ú ±âŸ °ÇÃà ÀÚÀç ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù.
81:2.16 (902.6) Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅº °íÁöÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀº Çö´ë¿¡ °¡±î¿î Á¾Á·µé Áß¿¡¼ óÀ½À¸·Î ³ª¹«·Î ÁýÀ» Áö¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ ÁýµéÀº ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡ °³Ã´ÇÏ¿© Á¤ÁÖÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Ãʱ⿡ ÁöÀº Å볪¹« Áý°ú ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¸£Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Æò¾ß¿¡ µÎ·ç,
Àΰ£ÀÇ °Åó´Â º®µ¹·Î Áö¾úÀ¸¸ç, ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ±¸¿î º®µ¹À» ½è´Ù.
81:2.17 (902.7) °°¡¿¡ »ì´ø ÀÌÀüÀÇ Á¾Á·µéÀº ¶¥¿¡, µ¿±×¶ó¹Ì ¾È¿¡ ³ôÀº Àå´ëµéÀ» ¼¼¿ö¼ ¿ò¸·À»
Áö¾ú´Ù. ²À´ë±âµéÀ» Çѵ¥ ¸ð¾Æ¼, ¿ò¸·À» À§ÇÑ »À´ë¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú°í, À̰ÍÀ» °¡·ÎÁö¸£´Â °¥´ë·Î ¿«¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÛǰ Àüü°¡
¾þ¾îÁø Å« ±¤ÁÖ¸® °°¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ ÀÌ ±¸Á¶¹°¿¡ ÁøÈë Ä¥À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°í, À̰ÍÀº ÇÞºû¿¡ ¸»¸° ´ÙÀ½, ¾ÆÁÖ
¾µ¸ð ÀÖ´Â °Åó, ºñ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ °ßµð´Â °Åó°¡ µÇ°ï Çß´Ù.
81:2.18 (902.8) ÀÌ ÃʱâÀÇ ¿ò¸·À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ³ªÁß¿¡ ¿Â°® Á¾·ùÀÇ ±¤ÁÖ¸®¸¦ Â¥´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ µû·Î »ý°Ü³µ´Ù.
ÇÑ Áý´Ü »çÀÌ¿¡¼, µµ±â(Ô¶Ðï)¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â »ý°¢Àº ÀÌ Àå´ë ƲÀ» Á¥Àº ÁøÈëÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¸£´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ÁöÄѺ¸´Â µ¥¼ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù.
±¸¿ö¼ µµ±â¸¦ ´Ü´ÜÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¹ýÀº ÁøÈëÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¸¥ ÀÌ ¿ø½Ã ¿ò¸· Áß Çϳª°¡ ¾î¼´Ù°¡ Ÿ´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù.
¿¾ ½ÃÀýÀÇ ¿©·¯ ±â¼úÀº Ãʱ⠹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ ÀÏ»ó »ýȰ¿¡ µû¸£´Â ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡¼ »ý±â´Â ÀûÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. Àû¾îµµ À̰ÍÀÌ,
¾Æ´ãÀÌ ¿Ã ¶§±îÁö, Àηù°¡ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ¹ß°ÉÀ½¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© °ÅÀÇ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î Âü¸»À̾ú´Ù.
81:2.19 (903.1) ¾à 50¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ¿µÁÖÀÇ Âü¸ðÁøÀÌ µµ±â¸¦ óÀ½À¸·Î ¼Ò°³ÇßÁö¸¸, ÁøÈë ±×¸©À» ¸¸µå´Â
°ÍÀº 15¸¸ ³âÀÌ ³Ñµµ·Ï ½ÇÁö·Î ±×ÃÆ´Ù. ¿À·ÎÁö ±× ¸¸(ؽ)ÀÇ[1] ¹Ù´å°¡¿¡, ¼ö¸Þ¸£ ÀÌÀüÀÇ ³ò Á·¼ÓÀÌ °è¼ÓÇØ¼
ÁøÈë ±×¸©À» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. µµ±â¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ±â¼úÀº ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡ ºÎȰµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀÇ ÀüÆÄ´Â ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, ¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ,
Áß¾Ó ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ »ç¸· Áö¿ªÀÌ »¸´Â °Í°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀϾ°í, °³·®µÈ ±â¼úÀÌ ¿¬´Þ¾Æ ÆÄµµ¸¦ ÀÌ·ç¾î ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾Æ·ÎºÎÅÍ
¹Ù±ùÀ¸·Î µ¿¹Ý±¸¿¡ ÆÛÁ³´Ù.
81:2.20 (903.2) ÀÌ ¾Èµå ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¹®¸íÀ» ±×µéÀÇ µµ±â³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¼úÀÇ ´Ü°è·Î ¹Ýµå½Ã ÃßÀûÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù.
Àΰ£ÀÌ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ¼øÁ¶·Î¿î °úÁ¤Àº ´Þ¶ó¸¶½Ã¾Æ¿Í ¿¡µ§, ÀÌ µÎ üÁ¦·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¾öû³ª°Ô ±î´Ù·Î¿öÁ³´Ù. ÈÄÀÏÀÇ Èº´°ú
µµ±¸°¡ ´õ ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¾Èµå ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ ¿¹Àü¿¡ ¸¸µç ÀÛǰº¸´Ù ¸øÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ÈçÈ÷ »ý±ä´Ù.
°¢ÁÖ[1] 81:2.19 ±×
¸¸(ؽ) : Æä¸£»þ ¸¸.
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2. The Tools of Civilization
81:2.1 The growth of culture is predicated
upon the development of the tools of civilization. And the tools
which man utilized in his ascent from savagery were effective
just to the extent that they released man power for the accomplishment
of higher tasks.
81:2.2 You who now live amid latter-day scenes of budding culture
and beginning progress in social affairs, who actually have
some little spare time in which to think about society and civilization,
must not overlook the fact that your early ancestors had little
or no leisure which could be devoted to thoughtful reflection
and social thinking.
81:2.3 The first four great advances in human civilization were:
81:2.4.1. The taming of fire.
81:2.5.2. The domestication of animals.
81:2.6.3. The enslavement of captives.
81:2.7.4. Private property.
81:2.8 While fire, the first great discovery, eventually unlocked
the doors of the scientific world, it was of little value in
this regard to primitive man. He refused to recognize natural
causes as explanations for commonplace phenomena.
81:2.9 When asked where fire came from, the simple story of
Andon and the flint was soon replaced by the legend of how some
Prometheus stole it from heaven. The ancients sought a supernatural
explanation for all natural phenomena not within the range of
their personal comprehension; and many moderns continue to do
this. The depersonalization of so-called natural phenomena has
required ages, and it is not yet completed. But the frank, honest,
and fearless search for true causes gave birth to modern science:
It turned astrology into astronomy, alchemy into chemistry,
and magic into medicine.
81:2.10 In the premachine age the only way in which man could
accomplish work without doing it himself was to use an animal.
Domestication of animals placed in his hands living tools, the
intelligent use of which prepared the way for both agriculture
and transportation. And without these animals man could not
have risen from his primitive estate to the levels of subsequent
civilization.
81:2.11 Most of the animals best suited to domestication were
found in Asia, especially in the central to southwest regions.
This was one reason why civilization progressed faster in that
locality than in other parts of the world. Many of these animals
had been twice before domesticated, and in the Andite age they
were retamed once again. But the dog had remained with the hunters
ever since being adopted by the blue man long, long before.
81:2.12 The Andites of Turkestan were the first peoples to extensively
domesticate the horse, and this is another reason why their
culture was for so long predominant. By 5000 B.C. the Mesopotamian,
Turkestan, and Chinese farmers had begun the raising of sheep,
goats, cows, camels, horses, fowls, and elephants. They employed
as beasts of burden the ox, camel, horse, and yak. Man was himself
at one time the beast of burden. One ruler of the blue race
once had one hundred thousand men in his colony of burden bearers.
81:2.13 The institutions of slavery and private ownership of
land came with agriculture. Slavery raised the master's standard
of living and provided more leisure for social culture.
81:2.14 The savage is a slave to nature, but scientific civilization
is slowly conferring increasing liberty on mankind. Through
animals, fire, wind, water, electricity, and other undiscovered
sources of energy, man has liberated, and will continue to liberate,
himself from the necessity for unremitting toil. Regardless
of the transient trouble produced by the prolific invention
of machinery, the ultimate benefits to be derived from such
mechanical inventions are inestimable. Civilization can never
flourish, much less be established, until man has leisure to
think, to plan, to imagine new and better ways of doing things.
81:2.15 Man first simply appropriated his shelter, lived under
ledges or dwelt in caves. Next he adapted such natural materials
as wood and stone to the creation of family huts. Lastly he
entered the creative stage of home building, learned to manufacture
brick and other building materials.
81:2.16 The peoples of the Turkestan highlands were the first
of the more modern races to build their homes of wood, houses
not at all unlike the early log cabins of the American pioneer
settlers. Throughout the plains human dwellings were made of
brick; later on, of burned bricks.
81:2.17 The older river races made their huts by setting tall
poles in the ground in a circle; the tops were then brought
together, making the skeleton frame for the hut, which was interlaced
with transverse reeds, the whole creation resembling a huge
inverted basket. This structure could then be daubed over with
clay and, after drying in the sun, would make a very serviceable
weatherproof habitation.
81:2.18 It was from these early huts that the subsequent idea
of all sorts of basket weaving independently originated. Among
one group the idea of making pottery arose from observing the
effects of smearing these pole frameworks with moist clay. The
practice of hardening pottery by baking was discovered when
one of these clay-covered primitive huts accidentally burned.
The arts of olden days were many times derived from the accidental
occurrences attendant upon the daily life of early peoples.
At least, this was almost wholly true of the evolutionary progress
of mankind up to the coming of Adam.
81:2.19 While pottery had been first introduced by the staff
of the Prince about one-half million years ago, the making of
clay vessels had practically ceased for over one hundred and
fifty thousand years. Only the gulf coast pre-Sumerian Nodites
continued to make clay vessels. The art of pottery making was
revived during Adam's time. The dissemination of this art was
simultaneous with the extension of the desert areas of Africa,
Arabia, and central Asia, and it spread in successive waves
of improving technique from Mesopotamia out over the Eastern
Hemisphere.
81:2.20 These civilizations of the Andite age cannot always
be traced by the stages of their pottery or other arts. The
smooth course of human evolution was tremendously complicated
by the regimes of both Dalamatia and Eden. It often occurs that
the later vases and implements are inferior to the earlier products
of the purer Andite peoples.
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3.
µµ½Ã¿Í Á¦Á¶¾÷°ú »ó¾÷
81:3.1 (903.3) Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀÇ ±â¸§Áö°í
ÈÍÈ÷ Æ®ÀÎ ÃÊ¿øÀÇ ¶¥, »ç³ÉÇÏ¸ç µ¿¹°ÀÌ Ç® ¶â´Â ¶¥ÀÌ ±âÈÄ·Î ¸»¶ó¹ö¸° °ÍÀº ±â¿øÀü 12,000³â ¹«·Æ¿¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©,
±× Áö¿ªÀÇ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý »õ·Î¿î ÇüÅÂÀÇ »ê¾÷°ú Åõ¹ÚÇÑ Á¦Á¶¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϵµ·Ï °¿äÇÏ¿´´Ù. ´õ·¯´Â ±æµéÀÎ °¡Ãà
¶¼¸¦ ±â¸£´Â ÀÏ·Î ¹ß±æÀ» µ¹·È°í, ´õ·¯´Â ³ó»ç²ÛÀÌ µÇ°Å³ª ¹°¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶ó´Â ¸ÔÀ»°Å¸®¸¦ ¸ðÀ¸´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ µÇ¾úÁö¸¸,
¾Èµå Á·¼Ó¿¡¼ »ó±Þ ºÎ·ùÀÇ ÁöÀû Á¸ÀçµéÀº »ó¾÷°ú Á¦Á¶¾÷À» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. Àüü ºÎÁ·(Ý»ðé)ÀÌ ÇÑ °¡Áö »ê¾÷ÀÇ °³¹ß¿¡
¸ôµÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °ü½ÀÀÌ µÇ±âµµ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ªÀÏ ° À¯¿ªÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÈùµÎ Äí½Ã±îÁö, ±×¸®°í °£Áö½º °À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ È²ÇÏ¿¡
À̸£±â±îÁö, ¿ì¼öÇÑ ºÎÁ·µéÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ »ç¾÷Àº ¶¥À» °æÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, »ó¾÷Àº ºÎ¾÷ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
81:3.2 (903.4) ¹«¿ª,
±×¸®°í ¿øÀÚÀ縦 ¿©·¯ °¡Áö »óǰÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â ÃʱâÀÇ ¾ó¸¶Å ÆòÈ·Î¿î °øµ¿Ã¼¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ Á÷Á¢
µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, ÀÌ °øµ¿Ã¼µéÀº ¹®È¿Í ¹®¸íÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» ÆÛ¶ß¸®´Â µ¥ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù. ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¼¼°è ¹«¿ª ½Ã´ë°¡
¿À±â Àü¿¡, »çȸÀÇ °øµ¿Ã¼´Â ºÎÁ· ´ÜÀ§¿´´Ù¡ªÈ®´ëµÈ °¡Á· Áý´ÜÀ̾ú´Ù. ¹«¿ª(Ùõæ¶)Àº ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ Àΰ£µéÀÌ ¼·Î
Ä£±³Çϵµ·Ï À̲ø¾ú°í, ÀÌó·³ ¹®ÈÀÇ ´õ ºü¸¥ ±³·ù¿¡ À̹ÙÁöÇÏ¿´´Ù.
81:3.3 (903.5) ¾à 1¸¸
2õ ³â Àü¿¡, µ¶¸³µÈ µµ½ÃÀÇ ½Ã´ë°¡ ¹à¾Æ¿À°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿ø½Ã ¹«¿ª°ú Á¦Á¶¾÷À» ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ µµ½ÃµéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã, ³ó»ç¸¦
Áþ°í °¡ÃàÀ» ±â¸£´Â Áö´ë¿¡ µÑ·¯½Î¿© ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »ýȰ ¼öÁØÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁüÀ¸·Î »ê¾÷ÀÌ ÃËÁøµÈ °ÍÀÌ Âü¸»ÀÌÁö¸¸, ³ÊÈñ´Â
¿¾³¯ÀÇ µµ½Ã »ýȰÀÇ ¼¼·ÃµÈ Á¤µµ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¹«·± ¿ÀÇØ¸¦ °¡Á®¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ÃʱâÀÇ Á¾Á·µéÀº Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ±ò²ûÇϰųª
±ú²ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, º¸ÅëÀÇ ¿ø½Ã °øµ¿Ã¼´Â ´ÜÁö Èë°ú ¾²·¹±â°¡ ½×ÀÎ °á°ú·Î¼, 25³â¸¶´Ù 30¿¡¼ 60¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅͰ¡
³ô¾ÆÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ ¿À·¡ µÈ µµ½Ãµé °¡¿îµ¥ ¾î¶² °ÍÀº ±ÁÁö ¾ÊÀº ÁøÈë ¿ÀµÎ¸·ÀÌ ¿À·¡ °¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ µÑ·¹ÀÇ ¶¥º¸´Ù
¾ÆÁÖ »¡¸® ³ô¾ÆÁ³°í, ¿¾³¯ÀÇ ÆóÇã ¹Ù·Î À§¿¡ »õ ÁÖ°Å(ñ¬ËÜ)¸¦ Áþ´Â °ÍÀÌ Ç³½ÀÀ̾ú´Ù.
81:3.4 (903.6) ±Ý¼ÓÀÌ
³Î¸® ¾²ÀÌ°Ô µÈ °ÍÀº ÀÌ ÃʱâÀÇ »ê¾÷ ¹× »ó¾÷ µµ½Ã ½Ã´ëÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ̾ú´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅº¿¡¼ ±â¿øÀü 9000³â
ÀüÀ¸·Î °Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°¡´Â ûµ¿±â ¹®È¸¦ ÀÌ¹Ì ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´°í, ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀº ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ö¤ý±Ý¤ý±¸¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÏÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀ» ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ü´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´õ Áøº¸µÈ ¹®¸íÀÇ Á߽ɵé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡¼´Â Á¶°ÇÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ´Þ¶ú´Ù. ¼®±â ½Ã´ë,
ûµ¿±â ½Ã´ë, ö±â ½Ã´ë¿Í °°Àº ¾Æ¹«·± ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ½Ã±â°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¸ðµÎ ¼¼ ½Ã±â°¡ ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù.
81:3.5 (904.1) ±ÝÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ
óÀ½À¸·Î ã¾Æ´Ù´Ñ ±Ý¼ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. ±ÝÀº ÀÛ¾÷Çϱ⠽¬¿ü°í, óÀ½¿¡´Â Àå½ÄǰÀ¸·Î¸¸ ¾²¿´´Ù. ±¸¸®°¡ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª,
ÁÖ¼®(ñ¹à¸)°ú ¼¯¾î¼ ´õ ´Ü´ÜÇÑ Ã»µ¿À» ¸¸µé±â±îÁö ³Î¸® ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀÇ ¾Æ´ã¼Õ Á·¼Ó °¡¿îµ¥ ÇÑ
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ±¸¸®¿Í ÁÖ¼®À» ¼¯¾î¼ ûµ¿ ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇߴµ¥, ±×µéÀÇ °íÁö¿¡ ±¸¸® ±¤»êÀÌ ¸¶Ä§ ÁÖ¼® ¸ÅÀå ¿·¿¡
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
81:3.6 (904.2) Åõ¹ÚÇÑ
Á¦Á¶¾÷°ú Ãʱ⠻ê¾÷ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ªÀÚ, »ó¾÷Àº ¹®È¸¦ °¡Áø ¹®¸íÀÇ º¸±Þ¿¡ À绡¸® °¡Àå À¯·ÂÇÑ ¿µÇâÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. À°Áö¿Í
¹Ù´Ù¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ¹«¿ªÀÇ ±æÀÌ ¿¸° °ÍÀº ¹®¸íÀÌ ¼¯ÀÌ°Ô ÇÒ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿©Çà, ±×¸®°í ¹®ÈÀÇ È¥ÇÕÀ» Å©°Ô ¼ö¿ùÇϰÔ
¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±â¿øÀü 5000³âÀÌ µÇÀÚ ¹®¸íÈµÈ ¶¥°ú ¹Ý¹®¸íÈµÈ ¶¥¿¡ µÎ·ç, ¸»ÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ÈÄÀÏÀÇ
Á¾Á·µéÀº ±æµéÀÎ ¸» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ 4·ûÂ÷¿Í 2·û ÀüÂ÷(îúó³)¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù Àü¿¡ ¹ÙÄû°¡
¾²¿´Áö¸¸, ÀÌÁ¦ ±×·¸°Ô Àåºñ¸¦ °®Ãá Â÷·®ÀÌ »ó¾÷°ú ÀüÀï, µÎ ±ºµ¥¼ º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.
81:3.7 (904.3) ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â
¹«¿ª»ó°ú ¶°µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â ŽÇè°¡´Â ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ÇÕÄ£ °Íº¸´Ù À¯»ç(êóÞÈ) ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¹®¸íÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ±â¿©Çß´Ù.
±º»çÀû Á¤º¹¤ý½Ä¹ÎÈ, ±×¸®°í ÈÄÀÏÀÇ Á¾±³µéÀÌ Á¶ÀåÇÑ ¼±±³ »ç¾÷µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¹®È º¸±Þ¿¡ ¿äÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰͵éÀº
¸ðµÎ ¹«¿ª °ü°è¿¡ 2Â÷ÀûÀ̾ú°í, ¹«¿ª °ü°è´Â »ê¾÷¿¡¼ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú°ú °úÇÐÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ´Ã °¡¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù.
81:3.8 (904.4) ¾Æ´ãÀÇ
ÇÍÁÙÀÌ Àΰ£ Á¾Á·¿¡ ÁÖÀÔµÈ °ÍÀº ¹®¸íÀÇ °ÉÀ½À» ºü¸£°Ô ÇßÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ðÇè°ú ŽÇèÀÇ ¼ºÇâÀ» Å©°Ô ÀÚ±ØÇß°í,
±× °á°ú·Î ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÇ »¡¸® ¹ø½ÄÇϴ ȥÇ÷ ÈļÕÀÌ À¯¶ó½Ã¾Æ¿Í ºÏ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» À̳» Â÷ÁöÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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3. Cities, Manufacture, and Commerce
81:3.1 The climatic destruction of the rich,
open grassland hunting and grazing grounds of Turkestan, beginning
about 12,000 B.C., compelled the men of those regions to resort
to new forms of industry and crude manufacturing. Some turned
to the cultivation of domesticated flocks, others became agriculturists
or collectors of water-borne food, but the higher type of Andite
intellects chose to engage in trade and manufacture. It even
became the custom for entire tribes to dedicate themselves to
the development of a single industry. From the valley of the
Nile to the Hindu Kush and from the Ganges to the Yellow River,
the chief business of the superior tribes became the cultivation
of the soil, with commerce as a side line.
81:3.2 The increase in trade and in the manufacture of raw materials
into various articles of commerce was directly instrumental
in producing those early and semipeaceful communities which
were so influential in spreading the culture and the arts of
civilization. Before the era of extensive world trade, social
communities were tribal¡ªexpanded family groups. Trade brought
into fellowship different sorts of human beings, thus contributing
to a more speedy cross-fertilization of culture.
81:3.3 About twelve thousand years ago the era of the independent
cities was dawning. And these primitive trading and manufacturing
cities were always surrounded by zones of agriculture and cattle
raising. While it is true that industry was promoted by the
elevation of the standards of living, you should have no misconception
regarding the refinements of early urban life. The early races
were not overly neat and clean, and the average primitive community
rose from one to two feet every twenty-five years as the result
of the mere accumulation of dirt and trash. Certain of these
olden cities also rose above the surrounding ground very quickly
because their unbaked mud huts were short-lived, and it was
the custom to build new dwellings directly on top of the ruins
of the old.
81:3.4 The widespread use of metals was a feature of this era
of the early industrial and trading cities. You have already
found a bronze culture in Turkestan dating before 9000 B.C.,
and the Andites early learned to work in iron, gold, and copper,
as well. But conditions were very different away from the more
advanced centers of civilization. There were no distinct periods,
such as the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages; all three existed
at the same time in different localities.
81:3.5 Gold was the first metal to be sought by man; it was
easy to work and, at first, was used only as an ornament. Copper
was next employed but not extensively until it was admixed with
tin to make the harder bronze. The discovery of mixing copper
and tin to make bronze was made by one of the Adamsonites of
Turkestan whose highland copper mine happened to be located
alongside a tin deposit.
81:3.6 With the appearance of crude manufacture and beginning
industry, commerce quickly became the most potent influence
in the spread of cultural civilization. The opening up of the
trade channels by land and by sea greatly facilitated travel
and the mixing of cultures as well as the blending of civilizations.
By 5000 B.C. the horse was in general use throughout civilized
and semicivilized lands. These later races not only had the
domesticated horse but also various sorts of wagons and chariots.
Ages before, the wheel had been used, but now vehicles so equipped
became universally employed both in commerce and war.
81:3.7 The traveling trader and the roving explorer did more
to advance historic civilization than all other influences combined.
Military conquests, colonization, and missionary enterprises
fostered by the later religions were also factors in the spread
of culture; but these were all secondary to the trading relations,
which were ever accelerated by the rapidly developing arts and
sciences of industry.
81:3.8 Infusion of the Adamic stock into the human races not
only quickened the pace of civilization, but it also greatly
stimulated their proclivities toward adventure and exploration
to the end that most of Eurasia and northern Africa was presently
occupied by the rapidly multiplying mixed descendants of the
Andites.
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4.
¼¯ÀÎ Á¾Á·
81:4.1 (904.5) ¹à¾Æ¿À´Â À¯»ç ½Ã´ë¿Í
Á¢ÃËÀÌ »ý±è¿¡ µû¶ó¼, À¯¶ó½Ã¾Æ Àüü, ºÏ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, ÅÂÆò¾ç ±ºµµ(ÏØÓö)¿¡ ÀηùÀÇ º¹ÇÕ Á¾Á·µéÀÌ ÆÛÁ³´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯
ÀÌ Á¾Á·µéÀº À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö ±âº» Àΰ£ Ç÷ÅëÀÌ ¼¯ÀÌ°í ´Ù½Ã ¼¯ÀÎ °á°ú·Î »ý°Ü³µ´Ù.
81:4.2 (904.6) À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ
Á¾Á·µéÀº °¢ÀÚ ¾î¶² ±¸º°µÇ´Â ½ÅüÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À¸·Î È®ÀεǾú´Ù. ¾Æ´ã Á·¼Ó°ú ³ò Á·¼ÓÀº ¾ó±¼ÀÌ ±æ¾ú°í, ¾Èµ· Á·¼ÓÀº
¾ó±¼ÀÌ ³Ð¾ú´Ù. »ê±ã Á¾Á·µéÀº Áß°£ ¾ó±¼À̾ú°í, ȲÀΰú ûÀÎÀº ³ÐÀû ¾ó±¼ÀÎ ÆíÀ̾ú´Ù. ûÀÎ Á¾Á·µéÀº, ¾Èµ·
Á·¼ÓÀÇ ÇÍÁÙ°ú ¼¯¿´À» ¶§, ¶Ñ·ÇÀÌ ³ÐÀû ¾ó±¼ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 2Â÷ »ê±ãµéÀº Áß°£¿¡¼ ±ä ÆíÀÇ ¾ó±¼À̾ú´Ù.
81:4.3 (904.7) ÀÌ µÎ°³°ñ
±Ô°ÝÀÌ Á¾Á·ÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» ÇØµ¶(ú°ÔÁ)ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¾µ¸ð°¡ À־, ÅëÆ²¾î¼ »À´ë°¡ ÈξÀ ´õ ¹ÏÀ» ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ Á¾Á·µéÀÇ
Ãʱ⠹ßÀü¿¡´Â ÃÖÃÊ¿¡ ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö ¶Ñ·ÇÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ »À ±¸Á¶°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù:
81:4.4 (904.8) 1. ¾Èµ·
ºÎ·ù, À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ ÅäÂø¹Î.
81:4.5 (904.9) 2. 1Â÷
»ê±ã, È«ÀΤýȲÀΤýûÀÎ.
81:4.6 (904.10) 3.
2Â÷ »ê±ã, ÁÖȲÀΤý³ì»öÀΤý³²»öÀÎ.
81:4.7 (904.11) 4.
³ò Á·¼Ó, °ð ´Þ¶ó¸¶½Ã¾Æ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÈļÕ.
81:4.8 (904.12) 5.
¾Æ´ã Á·¼Ó, º¸¶ó ÀÎÁ¾.
81:4.9 (904.13) ÀÌ 5´ë
Á¾Á· Áý´ÜÀÌ ³Î¸® ¼·Î ¼¯ÀÓ¿¡ µû¶ó¼, °è¼ÓµÈ È¥ÇÕÀº »ê±ã À¯ÀüÀÇ ¿ì¼º(éÐàõ) ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾Èµ· ºÎ·ù¸¦ °¡¸®´Â °æÇâÀÌ
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶óÇÁÀΰú ¿¡½ºÅ°¸ðÀÎÀº ¾Èµ· Á¾Á·°ú »ê±ã ûÀÎ Á¾Á·ÀÌ È¥ÇÕµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ »À ±¸Á¶´Â ÅäÂø ¾Èµ· ºÎ·ù¸¦
°£Á÷ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ °¡±õ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ´ã Á·¼Ó°ú ³ò Á·¼ÓÀº ´Ù¸¥ Á¾Á·µé°ú ¾ÆÁÖ ¼¯¿©¼, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀϹÝÈµÈ ÄÚÄ«¼½º
°è±ÞÀ¸·Î¸¸ ŽÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
81:4.10 (905.1) µû¶ó¼,
´ëü·Î, Áö³ 2¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È¿¡ ½×ÀÎ, »ç¶÷ÀÇ À¯¹°À» ÆÄÇìħ¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Á¾·ù¸¦ ¶È¶ÈÈ÷ ±¸ºÐÇϱⰡ
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ »À ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¿¬±¸´Â Àηù°¡ ÀÌÁ¦ ´ë·« ¼¼ µî±ÞÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ½À» µå·¯³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù:
81:4.11 (905.2) 1.
ÄÚÄ«¼½º ÀÎÁ¾¡ª³ò°ú ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ÇÍÁÙÀÌ ¾Èµå Á·¼Ó°ú È¥ÇյǾú´Âµ¥, 1Â÷¿Í (¾ó¸¶Å) 2Â÷ »ê±ã°ú È¥ÇÕµÊÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í
¾Èµ· Á·¼Ó°ú »ó´çÈ÷ ±³¹èÇÔÀ¸·Î ´õ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼¾çÀÇ ¹éÀÎ Á¾Á·µéÀº, ¾ó¸¶ÅÀÇ ÀεµÀÎ ¹× Åõ¶õÀÎ Á¾Á·µé°ú ÇÔ²²,
ÀÌ Áý´Ü¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸ºÐ¿¡¼ ÅëÀϵǴ ¿ä¼Ò´Â ¸¹µç Àûµç ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
81:4.12 (905.3) 2.
¸ù°í ÀÎÁ¾¡ª1Â÷ »ê±ã ºÎ·ùÀ̸ç, ÃÖÃÊÀÇ È«Àΰú ȲÀΰú ûÀÎ Á¾Á·À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. Áß±¹Àΰú ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« Àεð¾ÈÀÌ ÀÌ
¹«¸®¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. À¯·´¿¡¼ ¸ù°í ÀÎÁ¾ ºÎ·ù´Â 2Â÷ »ê±ã°ú ¾Èµ· Á·¼Ó°ú È¥ÇÕµÊÀ¸·Î ¼öÁ¤µÇ°í, ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÇ ÁÖÀÔÀ¸·Î
´õ¿í ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸»·¹ÀÌ¿Í ±âŸ Àεµ³×½Ã¾Æ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ ÀÌ ºÐ·ù¿¡ µé¾î°£´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀº ³ôÀº ºñÀ²ÀÇ 2Â÷ »ê±ã
ÇǸ¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù.
81:4.13 (905.4) 3.
Èæ»ö ÀÎÁ¾¡ª2Â÷ »ê±ã Á¾·ù´Â ÃÖÃÊ¿¡ ÁÖȲ¤ý³ì»ö¤ý³²»ö Á¾Á·µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇß´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÈæÀÎÀÌ °¡Àå Àß ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ºÎ·ùÀ̸ç,
¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í Àεµ¿Í Àεµ³×½Ã¾Æ µµÃ³¿¡, 2Â÷ »ê±ã Á¾Á·µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷Àº ¾îµð¿¡³ª ¹ß°ßµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
81:4.14 (905.5) Áß±¹
ºÏºÎ¿¡´Â ÄÚÄ«¼½º Á¾·ù¿Í ¸ù°í Á¾·ù°¡ ¾ó¸¶Å ¼¯¿´´Ù. ·¹¹ÝÆ®¿¡¼´Â ÄÚÄ«¼½º¿Í Èæ»ö ÀÎÁ¾ÀÌ ¼·Î ¼¯¿´´Ù. Àεµ¿¡¼´Â,
³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼Ã³·³, ¸ðµÎ ¼¼ Á¾·ù°¡ ´ëÇ¥µÈ´Ù. »ì¾Æ³²Àº ¼¼ ºÎ·ùÀÇ °ñ°Ý Ư¡Àº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Áö¼ÓÇϸç, ¿À´Ã³¯ Àΰ£
Á¾Á·µéÀÇ Èı⠼±Á¶¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
¡ãTop
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4. The Mixed Races
81:4.1 As contact is made with the dawn
of historic times, all of Eurasia, northern Africa, and the
Pacific Islands is overspread with the composite races of mankind.
And these races of today have resulted from a blending and reblending
of the five basic human stocks of Urantia.
81:4.2 Each of the Urantia races was identified by certain distinguishing
physical characteristics. The Adamites and Nodites were long-headed;
the Andonites were broad-headed. The Sangik races were medium-headed,
with the yellow and blue men tending to broad-headedness. The
blue races, when mixed with the Andonite stock, were decidedly
broad-headed. The secondary Sangiks were medium- to long-headed.
81:4.3 Although these skull dimensions are serviceable in deciphering
racial origins, the skeleton as a whole is far more dependable.
In the early development of the Urantia races there were originally
five distinct types of skeletal structure:
81:4.4.1. Andonic, Urantia aborigines.
81:4.5.2. Primary Sangik, red, yellow, and blue.
81:4.6.3. Secondary Sangik, orange, green, and indigo.
81:4.7.4. Nodites, descendants of the Dalamatians.
81:4.8.5. Adamites, the violet race.
81:4.9 As these five great racial groups extensively intermingled,
continual mixture tended to obscure the Andonite type by Sangik
hereditary dominance. The Lapps and the Eskimos are blends of
Andonite and Sangik-blue races. Their skeletal structures come
the nearest to preserving the aboriginal Andonic type. But the
Adamites and the Nodites have become so admixed with the other
races that they can be detected only as a generalized Caucasoid
order.
81:4.10 In general, therefore, as the human remains of the last
twenty thousand years are unearthed, it will be impossible clearly
to distinguish the five original types. Study of such skeletal
structures will disclose that mankind is now divided into approximately
three classes:
81:4.11.1. The Caucasoid-the Andite blend of the Nodite and
Adamic stocks, further modified by primary and (some) secondary
Sangik admixture and by considerable Andonic crossing. The Occidental
white races, together with some Indian and Turanian peoples,
are included in this group. The unifying factor in this division
is the greater or lesser proportion of Andite inheritance.
81:4.12.2. The Mongoloid-the primary Sangik type, including
the original red, yellow, and blue races. The Chinese and Amerinds
belong to this group. In Europe the Mongoloid type has been
modified by secondary Sangik and Andonic mixture; still more
by Andite infusion. The Malayan and other Indonesian peoples
are included in this classification, though they contain a high
percentage of secondary Sangik blood.
81:4.13.3. The Negroid-the secondary Sangik type, which originally
included the orange, green, and indigo races. This is the type
best illustrated by the Negro, and it will be found through
Africa, India, and Indonesia wherever the secondary Sangik races
located.
81:4.14 In North China there is a certain blending of Caucasoid
and Mongoloid types; in the Levant the Caucasoid and Negroid
have intermingled; in India, as in South America, all three
types are represented. And the skeletal characteristics of the
three surviving types still persist and help to identify the
later ancestry of present-day human races.
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5.
¹®È°¡ ÀÖ´Â »çȸ
81:5.1 (905.6) »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ÁøÈ¿Í ¹®È°¡
ÀÖ´Â ¹®¸íÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã »ó°üµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾î´À ½Ã´ë¶óµµ À¯±âüÀÇ ÁøÈ´Â ¹®È°¡ ÅðÆóÇÏ´Â ÇѰ¡¿îµ¥¼µµ ¹æÇعÞÁö
¾Ê°í ÁøÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿À·£ ±â°£ÀÇ Àΰ£ ¿ª»ç¸¦ Á¶»çÇßÀ» ¶§, °á±¹Àº ÁøÈ¿Í ¹®È°¡ ¿øÀΰú °á°ú·Î¼
°ü°èµÊÀ» °üÂûÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁøÈ´Â ¹®È°¡ ¾øÀ̵µ ÁøÇàµÉÁö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ¹®È°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®¸íÀº ¸ÕÀú Á¾Á·ÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â
Àû´çÇÑ ¹è°æÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¹ø¿µÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾Æ´ã°ú À̺ê´Â Àΰ£ »çȸ°¡ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ³¸¼± ¹®¸íÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» Çϳªµµ µé¿©¿ÀÁö
¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸³ª, ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ÇÇ´Â Á¾Á·µéÀÇ Å¸°í³ ´É·ÂÀ» È®´ëÇß°í, °æÁ¦°¡ ¹ßÀüÇÏ°í »ê¾÷ÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ±× °ÉÀ½À» °¡¼ÓÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¾Æ´ãÀ» ¼ö¿©ÇÑ °ÍÀº Á¾Á·µéÀÇ µÎ³ú·ÂÀ» °³¼±ÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ÁøÈ °úÁ¤À» Å©°Ô ÀçÃËÇÏ¿´´Ù.
81:5.2 (905.7) ³ó»ç¸¦
Áþ°í, µ¿¹°À» ±æµéÀ̰í, °ÇÃàÀ» °³·®ÇÔÀ¸·Î Àηù´Â »ì±â À§ÇÑ ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ÅõÀïÀ» Â÷Ãû ÇÇÇß°í, »ç´Â °úÁ¤À»
¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î Áñ°Ì°Ô ¸¸µå´Â°¡ ãÀ¸·Á°í µÚÀû°Å¸®±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ÀÚ²Ù ³ô¾ÆÁö´Â, ¹°ÁúÀû Æí¾ÈÀÇ ¼öÁØ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ·Á´Â
¼ö°íÀÇ ½ÃÃÊ¿´´Ù. Á¦Á¶¾÷°ú »ê¾÷À» ÅëÇØ¼, »ç¶÷Àº ÇÊ»ç »ýȰ¿¡¼ Äè¶ôÀÇ ¼ººÐÀ» Â÷Ãû Ű¿ì°í ÀÖ´Ù.
81:5.3 (906.1) ±×·¯³ª
¹®ÈÀû »çȸ´Â ³¯¶§ºÎÅÍ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ °øÂ¥·Î ȸ¿ø ÀÚ°ÝÀ» °¡Áö°í ¿ÂÀüÈ÷ ÆòµîÇÑ ¹°·Á¹ÞÀº Ư±ÇÀ» Áִ Ŭ·´, Å©°í
ÀÚ¼±Çϴ Ŭ·´ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±× »çȸ´Â ³ô°í ´Ã Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â, Áö»óÀÇ Àϲ۵éÀÇ µ¿¾÷ Á¶ÇÕÀ̸ç, ¼¼»óÀ» Èļ¼¿¡
Àڽİú ¼ÕÀÚµéÀÌ »ì°í Áøº¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´õ ÁÁÀº °÷À¸·Î ¸¸µé·Á°í ¾Ö¾²´Â ±ÍÁ· Àϲ۸¸ ±× °è¿·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδÙ. ÀÌ
¹®¸í Á¶ÇÕÀº ºñ½Ñ °¡ÀÔºñ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ³»°í, ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°í ¼¼Âù ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ºÎ°úÇϸç, Âù¼ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚ¿Í µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â
´©±¸³ª ¹«°Å¿î ¹úÀ» ³»¸®°í, ÇÑÆí °øÅëµÈ À§Çè°ú Á¾Á·ÀÇ À§Çù¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ´õ ¾ÈÀüÇØÁø °ÍÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí, °³ÀÎÀÇ ¹æÁ¾À̳ª
Ư±ÇÀ» °ÅÀÇ ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
81:5.4 (906.2) »çȸÀû
°ü°è´Â »ýÁ¸À» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ º¸ÇèÀ̸ç, »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ º¸ÇèÀÌ À̷οòÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº Àڱ⸦
Èñ»ýÇÏ°í °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ´ÜÃàÇÏ´Â º¸Çè·á¸¦ ±â²¨ÀÌ ³»¸ç, »çȸ´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô Áý´ÜÀ¸·Î ´õ º¸È£¹Þ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ªÀ¸·Î
±× ±¸¼º¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸Çè·á¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ³½´Ù. Àß¶ó ¸»Çϸé, ¿À´Ã³¯ »çȸÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â ½ÃÇà Âø¿À·Î »ý±ä º¸Çè °èȹÀ̸ç,
À̰ÍÀº ÀηùÀÇ Ãʱâ üÇèÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â, ²ûÂïÇÏ°í ¹Ý»çȸÀû Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¾î´À Á¤µµ º¸ÀåÇϰí
º¸È£Çϵµ·Ï °í¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
81:5.5 (906.3) ÀÌó·³
»çȸ´Â Á¦µµ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯, ÀÚº»°ú ¹ß¸íÀ» ÅëÇØ¼ °æÁ¦Àû ÀÚÀ¯, ¹®È¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼ »çȸÀû ÇØ¹æ, °æÂûÀÇ
±ÔÁ¦¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼ Æø·ÂÀ» ´çÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ È®º¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¼·Î Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â °èȹÀÌ´Ù.
81:5.6 (906.4) ÈûÀÌ Á¤ÀÇ(ïáëù)¸¦
³ºÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, ÈûÀº µÚÀÕ´Â °¢ ¼¼´ë°¡ °øÅëÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÁýÇàÇÑ´Ù. Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ÀÓ¹«´Â ±Ç¸®¸¦ ±Ô¸íÇϰí,
°è±ÞÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ Á¤´çÇÏ°í °øÆòÇÏ°Ô ±ÔÁ¦Çϸç, ¹ýÀÇ ÅëÄ¡ ¹Ø¿¡¼ ±âȸÀÇ ÆòµîÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸ðµç ±Ç¸®´Â
»çȸÀû ÀÓ¹«¿Í °áÇյǾî ÀÖ´Ù. Áý´ÜÀÇ Æ¯±ÇÀº º¸Çè ÀÛ¿ëÀ̸ç, À̰ÍÀº Áý´Ü¿¡°Ô ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â Èû°Ü¿î º¸Çè·á Àü¾×À»
³¾ °ÍÀ» ¾î±è¾øÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. °³ÀÎÀÇ ±Ç¸® »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áý´ÜÀÇ ±Ç¸®´Â, ¼º(àõ) ¹ö¸©ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, º¸È£Çؾß
ÇÑ´Ù.
81:5.7 (906.5) Áý´ÜÀÇ
±ÔÁ¦¿¡ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â ÀÚÀ¯´Â »çȸÀÇ ÁøÈ¿¡¼ Á¤´çÇÑ ¸ñÇ¥ÀÌ´Ù. Á¦ÇÑ ¾ø´Â ÀÚÀ¯´Â ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÏ°í °æ¼ÖÇÑ Àΰ£ Áö¼ºµéÀÌ
Áö¾î³½ ÇêµÇ°í ȯ»ó °°Àº ²ÞÀÌ´Ù.
¡ãTop
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5. Cultural Society
81:5.1 Biologic evolution and cultural civilization
are not necessarily correlated; organic evolution in any age
may proceed unhindered in the very midst of cultural decadence.
But when lengthy periods of human history are surveyed, it will
be observed that eventually evolution and culture become related
as cause and effect. Evolution may advance in the absence of
culture, but cultural civilization does not flourish without
an adequate background of antecedent racial progression. Adam
and Eve introduced no art of civilization foreign to the progress
of human society, but the Adamic blood did augment the inherent
ability of the races and did accelerate the pace of economic
development and industrial progression. Adam's bestowal improved
the brain power of the races, thereby greatly hastening the
processes of natural evolution.
81:5.2 Through agriculture, animal domestication, and improved
architecture, mankind gradually escaped the worst of the incessant
struggle to live and began to cast about to find wherewith to
sweeten the process of living; and this was the beginning of
the striving for higher and ever higher standards of material
comfort. Through manufacture and industry man is gradually augmenting
the pleasure content of mortal life.
81:5.3 But cultural society is no great and beneficent club
of inherited privilege into which all men are born with free
membership and entire equality. Rather is it an exalted and
ever-advancing guild of earth workers, admitting to its ranks
only the nobility of those toilers who strive to make the world
a better place in which their children and their children's
children may live and advance in subsequent ages. And this guild
of civilization exacts costly admission fees, imposes strict
and rigorous disciplines, visits heavy penalties on all dissenters
and nonconformists, while it confers few personal licenses or
privileges except those of enhanced security against common
dangers and racial perils.
81:5.4 Social association is a form of survival insurance which
human beings have learned is profitable; therefore are most
individuals willing to pay those premiums of self-sacrifice
and personal-liberty curtailment which society exacts from its
members in return for this enhanced group protection. In short,
the present-day social mechanism is a trial-and-error insurance
plan designed to afford some degree of assurance and protection
against a return to the terrible and antisocial conditions which
characterized the early experiences of the human race.
81:5.5 Society thus becomes a co-operative scheme for securing
civil freedom through institutions, economic freedom through
capital and invention, social liberty through culture, and freedom
from violence through police regulation.
81:5.6 Might does not make right, but it does enforce the commonly
recognized rights of each succeeding generation. The prime mission
of government is the definition of the right, the just and fair
regulation of class differences, and the enforcement of equality
of opportunity under the rules of law. Every human right is
associated with a social duty; group privilege is an insurance
mechanism which unfailingly demands the full payment of the
exacting premiums of group service. And group rights, as well
as those of the individual, must be protected, including the
regulation of the sex propensity.
81:5.7 Liberty subject to group regulation is the legitimate
goal of social evolution. Liberty without restrictions is the
vain and fanciful dream of unstable and flighty human minds.
|
6. ¹®¸íÀÇ À¯Áö
81:6.1 (906.6) »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ÁøÈ´Â ´Ã
¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¬Áö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ¹®ÈÀû ÁøÈ´Â À¯ÇÁ¶óÅ×½º ° À¯¿ªÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÄµµ¸¦ Áö¾î ³ª°¬À¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÆÄµµ´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ
Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ¼ø¼ö Ç÷ÅëÀ» °¡Áø ¾Æ´ã ÈÄ¼Õ Àüü°¡ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿Í À¯·´ÀÇ ¹®¸íÀ» °ÈÇÏ·Á°í ¸¶Ä§³» ¶°³ª°¥ ¶§±îÁö,
¿¬´Þ¾Æ ¾àȵǾú´Ù. Á¾Á·µéÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼¯ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ±×µéÀÇ ¹®¸íÀº »ó´çÇÑ Á¤µµ±îÁö ¼¯¿´´Ù. ¹®È°¡ õõÈ÷
¼¼°è¿¡ µÎ·ç ÆÛÁ³´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¹®¸íÀº À¯ÁöµÇ°í ¾çÀ°(å×ëÀ)µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ ¹®ÈÀÇ »õ ±Ù¿øÀÌ Çϳªµµ
Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¹®¸íÀÌ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ´À¸° °ÉÀ½¿¡ Ȱ·ÂÀ» ÁÖ°í À̸¦ ÀÚ±ØÇÒ ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÌ ÀüÇô ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
81:6.2 (906.7) Áö±Ý À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ÁøÈÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¹®¸íÀº ´ÙÀ½ ¿äÀο¡¼ »ý°Ü³µ°í, ¶Ç ±× ¿äÀο¡ ´Þ·Á
ÀÖ´Ù:
81:6.3 (906.8) 1. ÀÚ¿¬ »óȲ. ¹°Áú ¹®¸íÀÇ ¼ºÁú°ú ¹üÀ§´Â ´ëü·Î ¼Ò¿ëµÇ´Â ÀÚ¿¬ ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ µû¶ó °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù.
±âÈĤý³¯¾¾, ±×¸®°í ¼ö¸¹Àº ¹°¸®Àû Á¶°ÇÀº ¹®ÈÀÇ ÁøÈ¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¿äÀÎÀÌ´Ù.
81:6.4 (907.1) ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀÇ ½Ã´ë°¡ ¿·ÈÀ» ¶§, ¿Â ¼¼°è¿¡ ±¤È°ÇÏ°í ºñ¿ÁÇϰí Ź Æ®ÀÎ »ç³É Áö¿ªÀÌ
¿ÀÁ÷ µÎ ±ºµ¥ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Çϳª´Â ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, °Å±â¿¡´Â ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀÌ ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â
Åõ¸£Å°½ºÅºÀÇ ºÏÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±× ÀϺδ ¾Èµ· ȲÀÎÀÌ Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù. ¼³² ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¹®È°¡ ÁøÈÇÑ °áÁ¤Àû
¿äÀÎÀº Á¾Á·°ú ±âÈÄ¿´´Ù. ¾Èµå Á·¼ÓÀº À§´ëÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·À̾úÀ¸³ª, ±×µé ¹®¸íÀÇ °úÁ¤¿¡ °áÁ¤Àû ¿äÀÎÀº À̶õ¤ýÅõ¸£Å°½ºÅº¤ý½ÅÀåÀÌ
´õ¿í °ÇÁ¶ÇØÁø °ÍÀ̾ú°í, À̰ÍÀÌ ÀÚ²Ù ¸Þ¸»¶ó °¡´Â ±×µéÀÇ ¶¥¿¡¼ »ý°è¸¦ ÀÕ´Â »õ·Ó°í Áøº¸µÈ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹ß¸íÇϰí
äÅÃÇϵµ·Ï °¿äÇß´Ù.
81:6.5 (907.2) ¿©·¯ ´ë·úÀÇ ÁöÇü, ±×¸®°í ´Þ¸® ¶¥ÀÌ ¹èÄ¡µÈ »óȲÀº Æòȳª ÀüÀïÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ Å©°Ô
¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ »ç¶÷ Áß¿¡ ±Ø¼Ò¼ö°¡, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ Á¾Á·µéÀÌ ´©·Á ¿Ô´ø °Í °°ÀÌ °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© ¹æÇعÞÁö
¾Ê°í ¹ßÀüÇÒ À¯¸®ÇÑ ±âȸ¸¦ ´©·È´Ù¡ª±×µéÀº ³ÐÀº ´ë¾ç(ÓÞåÇ) ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÁö·Î »ç¹æ¿¡¼ º¸È£¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
81:6.6 (907.3) 2. ÀÚº»Àç. ¹®È´Â °áÄÚ ºó°ïÇÑ Á¶°Ç ¹Ø¿¡¼ ¹ß´ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿©°¡´Â ¹®¸íÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡
ÇʼöÀÌ´Ù. µµ´öÀû¤ý¿µÀû °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÎǰÀº ¹°ÁúÀû ºÎ(Ý£)°¡ ¾ø´Â °¡¿îµ¥ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¹®È¸¦ °¡Áø
¹®¸íÀº ¿À·ÎÁö, Æ÷ºÎ¿Í ´õºÒ¾î ¿©°¡¸¦ Çã¶ôÇÏ´Â ¹°ÁúÀû ¹ø¿µÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Á¶°Ç¿¡¼¸¸ »ý±ä´Ù.
81:6.7 (907.4) ¿ø½Ã ½Ã´ëÀÇ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼, ÀλýÀº ½É°¢Çϰí ÁøÁöÇÑ ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í Àηù°¡ °Ç°¿¡
ÁÁÀº ¿´ë ±âÈĸ¦ ÇâÇÏ¿© Ç×»ó ¶°´Ù´Ï´Â ¼ºÇâÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀº ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ÅõÀï°ú ±×ħ ¾ø´Â ¼ö°í¸¦ ÇÇÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ µûµíÇÑ °ÅÁÖ Áö´ë´Â ±Ø½ÉÇÑ »ýÁ¸ ÅõÀïÀ» ¹þ¾î³ª ¾ó¸¶Å ÇѼû µ¹¸®°Ô ÇßÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¸°Ô Æí¾ÈÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÑ Á¾Á·°ú
ºÎÁ·µéÀº ÇǶ¡ Èê·Á ¹úÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿©°¡¸¦ ¹®¸íÀÇ Áøº¸¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ µå¹°¾ú´Ù. ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ½á¼ ¼ö°íÇÔÀ¸·Î
³ë·ÂÀ» ÁÙÀ̰í, ³ëµ¿ Àϼö(ìíâ¦)¸¦ ÁÙÀÓÀ¸·Î ¶¥À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý°è¸¦ ¾ò´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ì°í, ±×ó·³ Àß ¹ú¾îµéÀ̰í À¯ÀÍÇÑ
¿©°¡¸¦ ´©¸± ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø Á¾Á·µéÀÇ »ý°¢°ú °èȹÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, º¯ÇÔ¾øÀÌ »çȸÀÇ Áøº¸°¡ »ý°å´Ù.
81:6.8 (907.5) 3. °úÇÐ Áö½Ä. ¹®¸íÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀû ¸éÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã °úÇÐÀû ÀÚ·á°¡ ½×À̱⸦ ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Ȱ°ú È»ìÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í µ¿·ÂÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿¹°À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ µÚ¿¡, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷°ú ¹°ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ¹è¿ì±â±îÁö ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀÌ
°É·ÈÀ¸¸ç, Áõ±â(ñúѨ)¿Í Àü±âÀÇ ÀÌ¿ëÀÌ µÚµû¶ú´Ù. Á÷¹° Â¥±â¿Í µµ±â, µ¿¹° ±æµéÀ̱â, ±Ý¼Ó °¡°ø µÚ¿¡´Â, ±ÛÀ»
¾²°í ÀμâÇÏ´Â ½Ã´ë°¡ µû¶ú´Ù.
81:6.9 (907.6) Áö½ÄÀº ÈûÀÌ´Ù. ¹ß¸íÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼¼°èÀû ±Ô¸ð·Î ¹®ÈÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀÌ °¡¼ÓµÇ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ¾Õ¼
°£´Ù. °úÇаú ¹ß¸íÀº ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ Àμâ±â·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸¾Ò°í, ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¹®È Ȱµ¿°ú ¹ß¸í Ȱµ¿ÀÇ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀº
¹®È°¡ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¾öû³ª°Ô ºü¸£°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
81:6.10 (907.7) °úÇÐÀº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¼öÇÐÀ̶ó´Â »õ ¾ð¾îÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡¸ç, ¾ö¹ÐÇÑ ¼±À» µû¶ó¼ »ç¶÷ÀÇ
»ý°¢À» ÈÆ·Ã½ÃŲ´Ù. °úÇÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¿À·ù¸¦ ¾ø¾ÚÀ¸·Î öÇÐÀ» ¾ÈÁ¤½Ã۸ç, ÇÑÆí ¹Ì½ÅÀ» ¾ø¾ÚÀ¸·Î Á¾±³¸¦ ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
81:6.11 (907.8) 4. Àΰ£ ÀÚ¿ø. ³ëµ¿·ÂÀº ¹®¸íÀ» ÆÛ¶ß¸®´Â µ¥ ÇʼöÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ Á¶°ÇÀÌ °°´Ù¸é,
¼ö°¡ ¸¹Àº ¹ÎÁ·Àº ¼ö°¡ ÀûÀº Á¾Á·À» Áö¹èÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Àα¸¸¦ ¾î´À ¼±±îÁö ´ÃÀÌÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀÌ
¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ½ÇÇöµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·Áö¸¸, °è¼ÓµÈ ¼ºÀåÀÌ ÀÚ»ìÀÌ µÇ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ Àα¸ Áõ°¡ÀÇ ÇѰ谡 ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤»ó Àα¸ ¹ÐµµÀÇ[2]
ÀûÁ¤ ¼öÁØÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼ Àα¸°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »ýȰ ¼öÁØÀÇ Ç϶ôÀ» ÃÊ·¡Çϰųª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é Æòȷοî ħÅõ³ª ±º»çÀû Á¤º¹,
°ð °Á¦ Á¡·ÉÀ¸·Î ¿µÅäÀÇ °æ°è°¡ Áï½Ã È®ÀåµÊÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
81:6.12 (908.1) ³ÊÈñ´Â ¶§¶§·Î ÀüÀïÀÇ ÂüÈ¿¡ Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¹ÞÁö¸¸, »çȸ¿Í µµ´öÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â ÃæºÐÇÑ ±âȸ¸¦
¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ±â À§ÇÏ¿© Å« ¹«¸®ÀÇ ÇÊ»çÀÚ¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÔÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Ç༺¿¡¼ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ø½Ä°ú ´õºÒ¾î
°ð Àα¸ÀÇ °úÀ×À̶ó´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀϾÙ. »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ç´Â ¼¼°èµéÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ÀÛ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ´Â Æò±ÕÀ̸ç, ¾Æ¸¶
Å©±â°¡ Á» ÀÛ´Ù. ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ Àα¸°¡ ÀûÁ¤ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼ ¾ÈÁ¤µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¹®È¸¦ Çâ»ó½Ã۰í ÀüÀïÀ» ¸·´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¼ºÀåÀ»
±×Ä¥ ¶§¸¦ ¾Æ´Â ³ª¶ó´Â Çö¸íÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÌ´Ù.
81:6.13 (908.2) ±×·¯³ª ÁöÇÏ ÀÚ¿øÀÌ °¡Àå dzºÎÇÑ ´ë·ú°ú °¡Àå ¾Õ¼± ±â°è Àåºñ°¡ À־ ±× ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ
Áö´ÉÀÌ ¼èÅðÇÑ´Ù¸é, °ÅÀÇ Áøº¸ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áö½ÄÀº ±³À°À¸·Î ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÁöÇý´Â ÂüµÈ ¹®È¿¡ ÇʼöÀ̸ç,
¿À·ÎÁö °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ¼, ³¯ ¶§ºÎÅÍ ÃѸíÇÑ ³²³àµéÀÌ ÁöÇý¸¦ È®º¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·Àº üÇèÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ï
¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÂüÀ¸·Î ÁöÇý·Ó°Ô µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
81:6.14 (908.3) 5. ¹°Áú ÀÚ¿øÀÇ È¿À²¼º. ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬ ÀÚ¿ø, °úÇÐ Áö½Ä, ÀÚº»Àç, Àΰ£ÀÇ
ÀáÀ缺À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶Å ÁöÇý¸¦ º¸À̴°¡¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. Ãʱ⠹®¸í¿¡¼ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀº »çȸÀÇ ÁöÇý·Î¿î
±ºÁÖ°¡ Çà»çÇÏ´Â ¼¼·ÂÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº °°Àº ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¿ì¼öÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±ÛÀÚ ±×´ë·Î ±×¿¡°Ô ¶°¸Ã±ä ¹®¸íÀ» °¡Á³´Ù.
Àß Á¶Á÷µÇ°í ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼Ò¼ö(á³â¦)°¡ ´ëü·Î ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» ´Ù½º·Á ¿Ô´Ù.
81:6.15 (908.4) ÈûÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» Á¤´çÈÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ÈûÀº ¹«¾ùÀÌ Áö±Ý Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ¿ª»ç¿¡¼ ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ
ÀÖ¾ú´Â°¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ´Â °Ü¿ì ¿äÁò¿¡¾ß Èû°ú Á¤ÀÇ(ïáëù)ÀÇ À±¸®¸¦ ±â²¨ÀÌ ³íÀÇÇÏ·Á´Â Á¡±îÁö »çȸ°¡ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù.
81:6.16 (908.5) 6. ¾ð¾îÀÇ È¿À²¼º. ¹®¸íÀÇ º¸±ÞÀº ¾ð¾î°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â¸¦ ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »ì¾Æ ÀÖ°í
¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â ¾ð¾î´Â ¹®¸íÈµÈ »ý°¢°ú °èȹÀÇ ÆØÃ¢À» º¸ÀåÇÑ´Ù. Ãʱ⠽ÃÀý¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ Áøº¸´Â ¾ð¾î¿¡¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯,
¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â »ý°¢ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ¼ö¿ùÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé±â À§Çؼ, ¾ð¾îÀÇ °è¼ÓµÈ ¹ßÀüÀÌ Å©°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
81:6.17 (908.6) ¾ð¾î´Â Áý´ÜÀÇ ±³Á¦·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁøÈÇß°í, °¢ Áö¿ª Áý´ÜÀº Àǻ縦 ¼ÒÅëÇÏ´Â ÀÚüÀÇ Ã¼°è¸¦
°³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾ð¾î´Â ¼ÕÁþ¤ýǥ¡, ¿ÜÄ¡´Â ¼Ò¸®¿Í Èä³»³»´Â ¼Ò¸®, ¾ï¾ç, ±×¸®°í ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ¾ËÆÄºªÀ» ¼Ò¸®³»´Â µ¥ ºÙ´Â
¾Ç¼¾Æ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼ ¼ºÀåÇß´Ù. ¾ð¾î´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ °¡Áø °¡Àå Å©°í °¡Àå ¾µ¸ð ÀÖ´Â, »ý°¢¿¡ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¿¬ÀåÀÌÁö¸¸, ¾ð¾î´Â
»çȸ Áý´ÜµéÀÌ ¾ó¸¶Å ¿©°¡¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¶§±îÁö °áÄÚ ¹ø¼ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¸»À» °¡Áö°í ³ë´Â ¼ºÇâÀº »õ·Î¿î ³¹¸»¡ª¼Ó¾î¡ª¸¦
°³¹ßÇÑ´Ù. ´ë´Ù¼ö°¡ ±× ¼Ó¾î¸¦ äÅÃÇϸé, °ü½ÀÀº ±× ¼Ó¾î°¡ ¾ð¾î°¡ µÇ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ÇÑ °¡Á· Áý´Ü¿¡¼ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
¡°¾Æ±â ¸»Åõ¡±¿¡ ºüÁö´Â °ÍÀº Áö¹æ »çÅõ¸®ÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
81:6.18 (908.7) ¾ð¾î°¡ ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº Æòȸ¦ ¿¬Àå½ÃŰ´Â µ¥ Ç×»ó Å« À庮À̾ú´Ù. Áö¹æ »çÅõ¸®¸¦ Á¤º¹ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀº ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ· Àüü¿¡, ÇÑ ´ë·ú¿¡¼, ¶Ç´Â Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ ÇÑ ¹®È¸¦ º¸±ÞÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ¾Õ¼¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. º¸ÆíÀû ¾ð¾î´Â
Æòȸ¦ ÃËÁøÇÏ°í ¹®È¸¦ º¸ÀåÇϸç ÇູÀ» ÁõÁøÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¾ð¾î°¡ ¸î °³·Î ÁÙ¾îµé ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ, ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â ¹®È
¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ ÀÌ ¾ð¾îµéÀ» Åë´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¼¼°èÀÇ ÆòÈ(øÁûú)¿Í ¹ø¿µÀ» ÀÌ·èÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¸·°ÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù.
81:6.19 (908.8) ±¹Á¦¾îÀÇ °³¹ßÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ Áøº¸°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø¾ú¾îµµ, ±¹Á¦ »ó¾÷ ±³·ùÀÇ È®¸³Àº
¸¹Àº ¾÷ÀûÀ» ½×¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ð¾î¤ý¹«¿ª¤ý¿¹¼ú¤ý°úÇÐ, °æÀï ³îÀÌ, ¶Ç´Â Á¾±³¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ´Â°¡¿¡ »ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, ÀÌ ¸ðµç
±¹Á¦ °ü°è°¡ À°¼ºµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
81:6.20 (909.1) 7. ±â°è ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ È¿À²¼º. ¹®¸íÀÇ Áøº¸´Â ¿¬Àå, ±â°è ¹× ºÐ¹è °æ·ÎÀÇ ¹ß´Þ°ú ¼ÒÀ¯¿Í
Á÷Á¢ °ü°èµÈ´Ù. °³·®µÈ ¿¬Àå, Á¤±³Çϰí È¿À² ÀÖ´Â ±â°èµéÀº Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¹®¸íÀÇ ¹«´ë¿¡¼ ¼·Î ´ÙÅõ´Â Áý´ÜµéÀÇ »ýÁ¸À»
Á¿ìÇÑ´Ù.
81:6.21 (909.2) Ãʱ⠽ÃÀý¿¡ ¶¥À» °¡´Â µ¥ Àû¿ëµÈ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ̾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷À» ¾²Áö ¾Ê°í
Ȳ¼Ò·Î ´ë½ÅÇÑ °ÍÀº, »ç¶÷À» ÀÏÀÚ¸®¿¡¼ ³»ÂѾұ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¿À·¡ °É¸° ½Î¿òÀ̾ú´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ±â°è°¡ »ç¶÷À» ´ëüÇϱâ
½ÃÀÛÇß°í, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ßÀüÀº ¸ðÁ¶¸® »çȸÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ Á÷Á¢ À̹ÙÁöÇߴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ´õ °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â °úÁ¦¸¦ ¼ºÃëÇϱâ
À§ÇÏ¿© ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ» ÇØ¹æÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
81:6.22 (909.3) ÁöÇý·Ó°Ô »ç¿ëÇϸé, °úÇÐÀº »ç¶÷À» »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ¹æÇÏ´Â Å« ¼ö´ÜÀÌ µÉÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
³ëµ¿À» Àý¾àÇÏ´Â »õ Á¾·ùÀÇ ±â°è°¡ ³Ê¹« »¡¸® ¹ß¸íµÇ´Â °á°ú·Î¼ Å« Áý´ÜÀÌ °©ÀÚ±â ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ÀÒ°Ô µÇ¾î ¹®Á¦°¡
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81:6.45 (912.2) [³×¹Ùµ·ÀÇ ÇÑ Ãµ»çÀåÀÌ ÈÄ¿øÇÏ¿´´Ù.]
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6. The Maintenance of Civilization
81:6.1 While biologic evolution has proceeded
ever upward, much of cultural evolution went out from the Euphrates
valley in waves, which successively weakened as time passed
until finally the whole of the pure-line Adamic posterity had
gone forth to enrich the civilizations of Asia and Europe. The
races did not fully blend, but their civilizations did to a
considerable extent mix. Culture did slowly spread throughout
the world. And this civilization must be maintained and fostered,
for there exist today no new sources of culture, no Andites
to invigorate and stimulate the slow progress of the evolution
of civilization.
81:6.2 The civilization which is now evolving on Urantia grew
out of, and is predicated on, the following factors:
81:6.3. 1. Natural circumstances. The nature and extent of a
material civilization is in large measure determined by the
natural resources available. Climate, weather, and numerous
physical conditions are factors in the evolution of culture.
81:6.4 At the opening of the Andite era there were only two
extensive and fertile open hunting areas in all the world. One
was in North America and was overspread by the Amerinds; the
other was to the north of Turkestan and was partly occupied
by an Andonic-yellow race. The decisive factors in the evolution
of a superior culture in southwestern Asia were race and climate.
The Andites were a great people, but the crucial factor in determining
the course of their civilization was the increasing aridity
of Iran, Turkestan, and Sinkiang, which forced them to invent
and adopt new and advanced methods of wresting a livelihood
from their decreasingly fertile lands.
81:6.5 The configuration of continents and other land-arrangement
situations are very influential in determining peace or war.
Very few Urantians have ever had such a favorable opportunity
for continuous and unmolested development as has been enjoyed
by the peoples of North America-protected on practically all
sides by vast oceans.
81:6.6. 2. Capital goods. Culture is never developed under conditions
of poverty; leisure is essential to the progress of civilization.
Individual character of moral and spiritual value may be acquired
in the absence of material wealth, but a cultural civilization
is only derived from those conditions of material prosperity
which foster leisure combined with ambition.
81:6.7 During primitive times life on Urantia was a serious
and sober business. And it was to escape this incessant struggle
and interminable toil that mankind constantly tended to drift
toward the salubrious climate of the tropics. While these warmer
zones of habitation afforded some remission from the intense
struggle for existence, the races and tribes who thus sought
ease seldom utilized their unearned leisure for the advancement
of civilization. Social progress has invariably come from the
thoughts and plans of those races that have, by their intelligent
toil, learned how to wrest a living from the land with lessened
effort and shortened days of labor and thus have been able to
enjoy a well-earned and profitable margin of leisure.
81:6.8, 3. Scientific knowledge. The material aspects of civilization
must always await the accumulation of scientific data. It was
a long time after the discovery of the bow and arrow and the
utilization of animals for power purposes before man learned
how to harness wind and water, to be followed by the employment
of steam and electricity. But slowly the tools of civilization
improved. Weaving, pottery, the domestication of animals, and
metalworking were followed by an age of writing and printing.
81:6.9 Knowledge is power. Invention always precedes the acceleration
of cultural development on a world-wide scale. Science and invention
benefited most of all from the printing press, and the interaction
of all these cultural and inventive activities has enormously
accelerated the rate of cultural advancement.
81:6.10 Science teaches man to speak the new language of mathematics
and trains his thoughts along lines of exacting precision. And
science also stabilizes philosophy through the elimination of
error, while it purifies religion by the destruction of superstition.
81:6.11. 4. Human resources. Man power is indispensable to the
spread of civilization. All things equal, a numerous people
will dominate the civilization of a smaller race. Hence failure
to increase in numbers up to a certain point prevents the full
realization of national destiny, but there comes a point in
population increase where further growth is suicidal. Multiplication
of numbers beyond the optimum of the normal man-land ratio means
either a lowering of the standards of living or an immediate
expansion of territorial boundaries by peaceful penetration
or by military conquest, forcible occupation.
81:6.12 You are sometimes shocked at the ravages of war, but
you should recognize the necessity for producing large numbers
of mortals so as to afford ample opportunity for social and
moral development; with such planetary fertility there soon
occurs the serious problem of overpopulation. Most of the inhabited
worlds are small. Urantia is average, perhaps a trifle undersized.
The optimum stabilization of national population enhances culture
and prevents war. And it is a wise nation which knows when to
cease growing.
81:6.13 But the continent richest in natural deposits and the
most advanced mechanical equipment will make little progress
if the intelligence of its people is on the decline. Knowledge
can be had by education, but wisdom, which is indispensable
to true culture, can be secured only through experience and
by men and women who are innately intelligent. Such a people
are able to learn from experience; they may become truly wise.
81:6.14. 5. Effectiveness of material resources. Much depends
on the wisdom displayed in the utilization of natural resources,
scientific knowledge, capital goods, and human potentials. The
chief factor in early civilization was the force exerted by
wise social masters; primitive man had civilization literally
thrust upon him by his superior contemporaries. Well-organized
and superior minorities have largely ruled this world.
81:6.15 Might does not make right, but might does make what
is and what has been in history. Only recently has Urantia reached
that point where society is willing to debate the ethics of
might and right.
81:6.16. 6. Effectiveness of language. The spread of civilization
must wait upon language. Live and growing languages insure the
expansion of civilized thinking and planning. During the early
ages import!ant advances were made in language. Today, there
is great need for further linguistic development to facilitate
the expression! of evolving thought.
81:6.17 Language evolved out of group associations, each local
group developing its own system of word exchange. Language grew
up through gestures, signs, cries, imitative sounds, intonation,
and accent to the vocalization of subsequent alphabets. Language
is man's greatest and most serviceable thinking tool, but it
never flourished until social groups acquired some leisure.
The tendency to play with language develops new words-slang.
If the majority adopt the slang, then usage constitutes it language.
The origin of dialects is illustrated by the indulgence in "
baby talk " in a family group.
81:6.18 Language differences have ever been the great barrier
to the extension of peace. The conquest of dialects must precede
the spread of a culture throughout a race, over a continent,
or to a whole world. A universal language promotes peace, insures
culture, and augments happiness. Even when the tongues of a
world are reduced to a few, the mastery of these by the leading
cultural peoples mightily influences the achievement of world-wide
peace and prosperity.
81:6.19 While very little progress has been made on Urantia
toward developing an international language, much has been accomplished
by the establishment of international commercial exchange. And
all these international relations should be fostered, whether
they involve language, trade, art, science, competitive play,
or religion.
81:6.20 7. Effectiveness of mechanical devices. The progress
of civilization is directly related to the development and possession
of tools, machines, and channels of distribution. Improved tools,
ingenious and efficient machines, determine the survival of
contending groups in the arena of advancing civilization.
81:6.21 In the early days the only energy applied to land cultivation
was man power. It was a long struggle to substitute oxen for
men since this threw men out of employment. Latterly, machines
have begun to displace men, and every such advance is directly
contributory to the progress of society because it liberates
man power for the accomplishment of more valuable tasks.
81:6.22 Science, guided by wisdom, may become man's great social
liberator. A mechanical age can prove disastrous only to a nation
whose intellectual level is too low to discover those wise methods
and sound techniques for successfully adjusting to the transition
difficulties arising from the sudden loss of employment by large
numbers consequent upon the too rapid invention of new types
of laborsaving machinery.
81:6.23 8. Character of torchbearers. Social inheritance enables
man to stand on the shoulders of all who have preceded him,
and who have contributed aught to the sum of culture and knowledge.
In this work of passing on the cultural torch to the next generation,
the home will ever be the basic institution. The play and social
life comes next, with the school last but equally indispensable
in a complex and highly organized society.
81:6.24 Insects are born fully educated and equipped for life¡ªindeed,
a very narrow and purely instinctive existence. The human baby
is born without an education; therefore man possesses the power,
by controlling the educational training of the younger generation,
greatly to modify the evolutionary course of civilization.
81:6.25 The greatest twentieth-century influences contributing
to the furtherance of civilization and the advancement of culture
are the marked increase in world travel and the unparalleled
improvements in methods of communication. But the improvement
in education has not kept pace with the expanding social structure;
neither has the modern appreciation of ethics developed in correspondence
with growth along more purely intellectual and scientific lines.
And modern civilization is at a standstill in spiritual development
and the safeguarding of the home institution.
81:6.26 9. The racial ideals. The ideals of one generation carve
out the channels of destiny for immediate posterity. The quality
of the social torchbearers will determine whether civilization
goes forward or backward. The homes, churches, and schools of
one generation predetermine the character trend of the succeeding
generation. The moral and spiritual momentum of a race or a
nation largely determines the cultural velocity of that civilization.
81:6.27 Ideals elevate the source of the social stream. And
no stream will rise any higher than its source no matter what
technique of pressure or directional control may be employed.
The driving power of even the most material aspects of a cultural
civilization is resident in the least material of society's
achievements. Intelligence may control the mechanism of civilization,
wisdom may direct it, but spiritual idealism is the energy which
really uplifts and advances human culture from one level of
attainment to another.
81:6.28 At first life was a struggle for existence; now, for
a standard of living; next it will be for quality of thinking,
the coming earthly goal of human existence.
81:6.29 10. Co-ordination of specialists. Civilization has been
enormously advanced by the early division of labor and by its
later corollary of specialization. Civilization is now dependent
on the effective co-ordination of specialists. As society expands,
some method of drawing together the various specialists must
be found.
81:6.30 Social, artistic, technical, and industrial specialists
will continue to multiply and increase in skill and dexterity.
And this diversification of ability and dissimilarity of employment
will eventually weaken and disintegrate human society if effective
means of co-ordination and co-operation are not developed. But
the intelligence which is capable of such inventiveness and
such specialization should be wholly competent to devise adequate
methods of control and adjustment for all problems resulting
from the rapid growth of invention and the accelerated pace
of cultural expansion.
81:6.31 11. Place-finding devices. The next age of social development
will be embodied in a better and more effective co-operation
and co-ordination of ever-increasing and expanding specialization.
And as labor more and more diversifies, some technique for directing
individuals to suitable employment must be devised. Machinery
is not the only cause for unemployment among the civilized peoples
of Urantia. Economic complexity and the steady increase of industrial
and professional specialism add to the problems of labor placement.
81:6.32 It is not enough to train men for work; in a complex
society there must also be provided efficient methods of place
finding. Before training citizens in the highly specialized
techniques of earning a living, they should be trained in one
or more methods of commonplace labor, trades or callings which
could be utilized when they were transiently unemployed in their
specialized work. No civilization can survive the long-time
harboring of large classes of unemployed. In time, even the
best of citizens will become distorted and demoralized by accepting
support from the public treasury. Even private charity becomes
pernicious when long extended to able-bodied citizens.
81:6.33 Such a highly specialized society will not take kindly
to the ancient communal and feudal practices of olden peoples.
True, many common services can be acceptably and profitably
socialized, but highly trained and ultraspecialized human beings
can best be managed by some technique of intelligent co-operation.
Modernized co-ordination and fraternal regulation will be productive
of longer-lived co-operation than will the older and more primitive
methods of communism or dictatorial regulative institutions
based on force.
81:6.34 12. The willingness to co-operate. One of the great
hindrances to the progress of human society is the conflict
between the interests and welfare of the larger, more socialized
human groups and of the smaller, contrary-minded asocial associations
of mankind, not to mention antisocially-minded single individuals.
81:6.35 No national civilization long endures unless its educational
methods and religious ideals inspire a high type of intelligent
patriotism and national devotion. Without this sort of intelligent
patriotism and cultural solidarity, all nations tend to disintegrate
as a result of provincial jealousies and local self-interests.
81:6.36 The maintenance of world-wide civilization is dependent
on human beings learning how to live together in peace and fraternity.
Without effective co-ordination, industrial civilization is
jeopardized by the dangers of ultraspecialization: monotony,
narrowness, and the tendency to breed distrust and jealousy.
81:6.37 13. Effective and wise leadership. In civilization much,
very much, depends on an enthusiastic and effective load-pulling
spirit. Ten men are of little more value than one in lifting
a great load unless they lift together-all at the same moment.
And such teamwork-social co-operation-is dependent on leadership.
The cultural civilizations of the past and the present have
been based upon the intelligent co-operation of the citizenry
with wise and progressive leaders; and until man evolves to
higher levels, civilization will continue to be dependent on
wise and vigorous leadership.
81:6.38 High civilizations are born of the sagacious correlation
of material wealth, intellectual greatness, moral worth, social
cleverness, and cosmic insight.
81:6.39 14. Social changes. S ociety is not a divine institution;
it is a phenomenon of progressive evolution; and advancing civilization
is always delayed when its leaders are slow in making those
changes in the social organization which are essential to keeping
pace with the scientific developments of the age. For all that,
things must not be despised just because they are old, neither
should an idea be unconditionally embraced just because it is
novel and new.
81:6.40 Man should be unafraid to experiment with the mechanisms
of society. But always should these adventures in cultural adjustment
be controlled by those who are fully conversant with the history
of social evolution; and always should these innovators be counseled
by the wisdom of those who have had practical experience in
the domains of contemplated social or economic experiment. No
great social or economic change should be attempted suddenly.
Time is essential to all types of human adjustment-physical,
social, or economic. Only moral and spiritual adjustments can
be made on the spur of the moment, and even these require the
passing of time for the full outworking of their material and
social repercussions. The ideals of the race are the chief support
and assurance during the critical times when civilization is
in transit from one level to another.
81:6.41 15. The prevention of transitional breakdown. Society
is the offspring of age upon age of trial and error; it is what
survived the selective adjustments and readjustments in the
successive stages of mankind's agelong rise from animal to human
levels of planetary status. The great danger to any civilization-at
any one moment-is the threat of breakdown during the time of
transition from the established methods of the past to those
new and better, but untried, procedures of the future.
81:6.42 Leadership is vital to progress. Wisdom, insight, and
foresight are indispensable to the endurance of nations. Civilization
is never really jeopardized until able leadership begins to
vanish. And the quantity of such wise leadership has never exceeded
one per cent of the population.
81:6.43 And it was by these rungs on the evolutionary ladder
that civilization climbed to that place where those mighty influences
could be initiated which have culminated in the rapidly expanding
culture of the twentieth century. And only by adherence to these
essentials can man hope to maintain his present-day civilizations
while providing for their continued development and certain
survival.
81:6.44 This is the gist of the long, long struggle of the peoples
of earth to establish civilization since the age of Adam. Present-day
culture is the net result of this strenuous evolution. Before
the discovery of printing, progress was relatively slow since
one generation could not so rapidly benefit from the achievements
of its predecessors. But now human society is plunging forward
under the force of the accumulated momentum of all the ages
through which civilization has struggled.
81:6.45 [Sponsored by an Archangel of Nebadon. ]
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