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7. ±³À° 8. ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¼ºÁú |
Á¦ 71 Æí
| Paper
71 Development of the State | |
71:0.1 (800.1)
±¹°¡´Â ¹®¸í¿¡¼ ÇϳªÀÇ À¯ÀÍÇÑ ÁøÈÀ̸ç, ±¹°¡´Â »çȸ°¡ ÀüÀïÀÇ È²Æó¿Í °íÅëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀº ¼øÀÌÀÍÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. ±¹Á¤(ÏÐïÙ)ÀÇ
±â¼úÁ¶Â÷ ´ÜÁö ½Î¿ì´Â ºÎÁ·°ú ³ª¶óµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¹«·ÂÀÇ °æÀïÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀÌ ÃàÀûµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| The state is
a useful evolution of civilization; it represents society's net
gain from the ravages and sufferings of war. Even statecraft is
merely the accumulated technique for adjusting the competitive contest
of force between the struggling tribes and nations. | |
71:0.2 (800.2)
Çö´ëÀÇ ±¹°¡´Â Áý´ÜÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á´Â ¿À·£ ÅõÀï¿¡¼ »ì¾Æ³²Àº Á¦µµÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¼öÇÑ ±Ç·ÂÀÌ °á±¹ ÀÌ°å°í, ±×°ÍÀº ½Ã¹ÎÀÌ
±¹°¡¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© Á×°í »ç´Â Àý´ëÀû Àǹ«¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù´Â µµ´öÀû ½ÅÈ¿Í ÇÔ²², »ç½Ç·Î ÀÖ´Â »ê¹°¡ª±¹°¡¡ª¸¦ ³º¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±¹°¡´Â
½Å¿¡°Ô¼ ±â¿øÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±¹°¡´Â ÀǵµÇÏ¿© ÃѸíÇÑ Àΰ£ ÇàÀ§·Î »ý°Ü³ªÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±¹°¡´Â ¼øÀüÈ÷ ÁøÈµÈ Á¦µµÀ̸ç,
ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀúÀý·Î »ý°å´Ù.
| The modern
state is the institution which survived in the long struggle for
group power. Superior power eventually prevailed, and it produced
a creature of fact-the state-together with the moral myth of the
absolute obligation of the citizen to live and die for the state.
But the state is not of divine genesis; it was not even produced
by volitionally intelligent human action; it is purely an evolutionary
institution and was wholly automatic in origin. |
1. The Embryonic State The state is a territorial social regulative organization, and the strongest, most efficient, and enduring state is composed of a single nation whose people have a common language, mores, and institutions. | ||
71:1.2 (800.4)
ÃʱâÀÇ ±¹°¡µéÀº ÀÛ¾Ò°í, ¸ðµÎ Á¤º¹À¸·Î »ý±ä °á°ú¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ±¹°¡µéÀº ÀÚ¿øÇÏ´Â °áÇÕÀ¸·Î »ý°Ü³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Á¤º¹ÇÏ´Â À¯¸ñ¹ÎµéÀÌ
¸¹Àº ±¹°¡¸¦ ¼¼¿ü°í, À̵éÀº ÆòÈ·Î¿î ¸ñÀÚ³ª Á¤ÂøÇÑ ³óºÎµé À§¿¡ ¿Í¶ô µ¤Ãļ ±×µéÀ» ¹«Â°í ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé°ï Çß´Ù.
Á¤º¹ÀÇ °á°ú·Î »ý±ä ±×·¯ÇÑ ±¹°¡µéÀº, °Á¦·Î ¿©·¯ ÃþÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù. °è±ÞÀÌ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇß°í, °è±Þ ÅõÀïÀº ´Ã Áø ÀÚ¸¦
µµÅ½ÃÄ×´Ù.
| The early states
were small and were all the result of conquest. They did not originate
in voluntary associations. Many were founded by conquering nomads,
who would swoop down on peaceful herders or settled agriculturists
to overpower and enslave them. Such states, resulting from conquest,
were, perforce, stratified; classes were inevitable, and class struggles
have ever been selective. | |
71:1.3 (800.5)
¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« È«ÀÎÀÇ ºÏÂÊ ºÎÁ·µéÀº ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ±¹°¡ »óÅ¿¡ °áÄÚ µµ´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´À½¼ÇÑ ºÎÁ· ¿¬¸Í, ¾ÆÁÖ ¿ø½ÃÀû ±¹°¡
ÇüŸ¦ Áö³ª¼ ¹ßÀüÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ °¡Àå °¡±î¿î Á¢±ÙÀº ÀÌ·ÎÄõÀÌ ¿¬¹æÀ̾úÀ¸³ª, ÀÌ ¿©¼¸ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ Áý´ÜÀº °áÄÚ Á¦´ë·Î
±¹°¡·Î¼ È°µ¿ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø°í, Çö´ëÀÇ ±¹°¡ »ýÈ°¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¾î¶² ÇʼöÀÎ °ÍµéÀÌ ºüÁ³±â ¶§¹®¿¡ »ì¾Æ³²Áö ¸øÇß´Ù:
| The northern
tribes of the American red men never attained real statehood. They
never progressed beyond a loose confederation of tribes, a very
primitive form of state. Their nearest approach was the Iroquois
federation, but this group of six nations never quite functioned
as a state and failed to survive because of the absence of certain
essentials to modern national life, such as: | |
71:1.4 (800.6)
1. »çÀ¯ Àç»êÀÇ È¹µæ°ú »ó¼Ó.
71:1.5 (800.7) 2. µµ½Ã¤ý³ó¾÷¤ý»ê¾÷. 71:1.6 (800.8) 3. À¯¿ëÇÑ ±æµéÀÎ µ¿¹°. | 1.Acquirement
and inheritance of private property. 2. Cities plus agriculture and industry. 3. Helpful domestic animals. | |
71:1.7 (800.9)
4. ½Ç¿ëÀû °¡Á· Á¶Á÷. ÀÌ È«ÀεéÀº ¸ð°è °¡Á·°ú Á¶Ä« »ó¼ÓÀ» °í¼öÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| 4. Practical
family organization. These red men clung to the mother-family and
nephew inheritance. | |
71:1.8 (800.10)
5. ºÐ¸íÇÑ ¿µÅä.
71:1.9 (800.11) 6. °·ÂÇÑ ÇàÁ¤ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®. 71:1.10 (800.12) 7. Æ÷·ÎÀÇ ³ë¿¹È¡ªÆ÷·Î¸¦ ¾çÀÚ¤ý¾ç³à·Î »ïµçÁö ÇлìÇß´Ù. | 5. Definite
territory. 6. A strong executive head. 7. Enslavement of captives-they either adopted or massacred them. | |
71:1.11 (800.13)
8. °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Á¤º¹.
| 8. Decisive
conquests. | |
71:1.12 (800.14) È«ÀεéÀº ³Ê¹« ¹ÎÁÖÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÁÁÀº Á¤ºÎ¸¦ °¡Á³Áö¸¸ ±× Á¤ºÎ´Â ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¶§ À̸£°Ô, ´õ Áøº¸µÈ ¹éÀÎÀÇ ¹®¸í¿¡ ºÎ´ÚÄ¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é, °á±¹ ±¹°¡¸¦ ÁøȽÃÄ×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹éÀÎÀº ±×¸®½ºÀΰú ·Î¸¶ÀÎÀÇ Á¤ºÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» µû¸£°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. | The red men
were too democratic; they had a good government, but it failed.
Eventually they would have evolved a state had they not prematurely
encountered the more advanced civilization of the white man, who
was pursuing the governmental methods of the Greeks and the Romans. | |
71:1.13 (801.1)
¼º°øÀûÀÎ ·Î¸¶ ±¹°¡´Â ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ¾ú´Ù:
| The successful
Roman state was based on: | |
71:1.14 (801.2)
1. ºÎ°è °¡Á·.
71:1.15 (801.3) 2. ³ó¾÷, ±×¸®°í µ¿¹° ±æµéÀ̱â. 71:1.16 (801.4) 3. Àα¸ÀÇ ÁýÁß¡ªµµ½Ã. 71:1.17 (801.5) 4. »çÀ¯ Àç»ê°ú ÅäÁö. 71:1.18 (801.6) 5. ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ¡ª½Ã¹ÎÀÇ ¿©·¯ °è±Þ. 71:1.19 (801.7) 6. ¾àÇÏ°í µÚ¶³¾îÁø ¹ÎÁ·µéÀ» Á¤º¹ÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã Á¶Á÷ÇÑ °Í. | 1. The father-family.
2. Agriculture and the domestication of animals. 3. Condensation of population-cities. 4. Private property and land. 5. Slavery-classes of citizenship. 6. Conquest and reorganization of weak and backward peoples. | |
71:1.20 (801.8)
7. ±æ°ú ºÐ¸íÇÑ ¿µÅä.
71:1.21 (801.9) 8. Ä£È÷ ´Ù½º¸®´Â °·ÂÇÑ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ. | 7. Definite
territory with roads. 8. Personal and strong rulers. | |
71:1.22 (801.10)
·Î¸¶ ¹®¸í¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å« ¾àÁ¡ÀÌÀÚ ±× Á¦±¹ÀÌ ±Ã±Ø¿¡ ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ°Ô µÈ ÇÑ °¡Áö ¿äÀÎÀº, 21»ì¿¡ ³²ÀÚ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ÇعæÇÏ°í ¹«Á¶°Ç
¿©ÀÚ¾ÆÀ̸¦ Ç®¾î³õÀº Á¶Ä¡, ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°í ÁøÃëÀûÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢µÈ Á¶Ä¡¿´´Âµ¥, ¿©ÀÚ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °í¸£´Â ³²ÀÚ¿Í °áÈ¥Çϰųª, ÁýÀ»
³ª°¡¼ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼ ºÎµµ´öÇÏ°Ô µÉ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »çȸ¿¡ ³¢Ä£ ÇؾÇÀº ÀÌ °³Çõ ÀÚü¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±× Á¶Ä¡¸¦ °©ÀÚ±â
³Î¸® äÅÃÇÑ ±× ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ¸ê¸ÁÀº ÇÑ ±¹°¡°¡ ³Ê¹« »¡¸® È®ÀåÇÏ°í, ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ Ÿ¶ôÇßÀ» ¶§
¹«¾ùÀ» ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
| The great weakness
in Roman civilization, and a factor in the ultimate collapse of
the empire, was the supposed liberal and advanced provision for
the emancipation of the boy at twenty-one and the unconditional
release of the girl so that she was at liberty to marry a man of
her own choosing or to go abroad in the land to become immoral.
The harm to society consisted not in these reforms themselves but
rather in the sudden and extensive manner of their adoption. The
collapse of Rome indicates what may be expected when a state undergoes
too rapid extension associated with internal degeneration. | |
71:1.23 (801.11)
ÃʱâÀÇ ±¹°¡´Â ¿µÅäÀÇ °á¼ÓÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© Ç÷ÅëÀÇ À¯´ë°¡ ÁÙ¾îµé¾î °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, ±×·¯ÇÑ ºÎÁ· ¿¬¸ÍÀº Á¤º¹À¸·Î º¸Åë °ß°íÇÏ°Ô
µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸ðµç ÇÏÂúÀº ÅõÀï°ú Áý´ÜÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ´Â ÅëÄ¡±ÇÀÌ Âü ±¹°¡ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌÁö¸¸, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¸¹Àº °è±Þ°ú Ä«½ºÆ®°¡ ¿¾
½ÃÀýÀÇ ¾¾Á·°ú ºÎÁ·µéÀÇ ÀÜÀç·Î¼ ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ±¹°¡ Á¶Á÷¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³, ¿µÅ並 °¡Áø Å« ±¹°¡µéÀº, °°Àº ÇÍÁÙÀ»
°¡Áø ±×º¸´Ù ÀÛÀº ÀÌ ¾¾Á· Áý´Üµé°ú ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¾²¶ó¸° ÅõÀïÀ» °Þ¾ú°í, ºÎÁ· Á¤ºÎ´Â °¡Á·°ú ±¹°¡ ±ÇÇÑ »çÀÌ¿¡ °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â
°úµµ±âÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ÆǸíµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ¸¹Àº ¾¾Á·ÀÌ ¹«¿ª°ú ±âŸ »ê¾÷ Á¶ÇÕÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù.
| The embryonic
state was made possible by the decline of the blood bond in favor
of the territorial, and such tribal federations were usually firmly
cemented by conquest. While a sovereignty that transcends all minor
struggles and group differences is the characteristic of the true
state, still, many classes and castes persist in the later state
organizations as remnants of the clans and tribes of former days.
The later and larger territorial states had a long and bitter struggle
with these smaller consanguineous clan groups, the tribal government
proving a valuable transition from family to state authority. During
later times many clans grew out of trades and other industrial associations. | |
71:1.24 (801.12)
±¹°¡ÀÇ ÅëÇÕ¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº À¯·´¿¡¼ Áß¼¼ÀÇ ºÀ°ÇÁÖÀÇó·³, ÅëÄ¡ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ±¹°¡ ÀÌÀüÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ÈÄÅðÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ÀÌ
¾îµÎ¿î ½Ã´ë¿¡, ¿µÅ並 °¡Áø ±¹°¡µéÀº ¸ê¸ÁÇß°í, ÀÛÀº ¼º(àò) Áý´ÜÀ¸·Î µÇµ¹¾Æ°¡´Â ÀÏÀÌ »ý°åÀ¸¸ç, ¾¾Á·°ú ºÎÁ· ´Ü°èÀÇ
¹ßÀüÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ºñ½ÁÇÑ Áر¹°¡µéÀÌ Áö±Ýµµ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿Í ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌµé ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÁøÈ¿¡¼ ÈÄÅð´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
´Ù¼ö°¡ ¹Ì·¡ ±¹°¡ÀÇ Ãʱâ ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ´Ù.
| Failure of
state integration results in retrogression to prestate conditions
of governmental techniques, such as the feudalism of the European
Middle Ages. During these dark ages the territorial state collapsed,
and there was a reversion to the small castle groups, the reappearance
of the clan and tribal stages of development. Similar semistates
even now exist in Asia and Africa, but not all of them are evolutionary
reversions; many are the embryonic nucleuses of states of the future. |
2. The Evolution of Representative Government Democracy, while an ideal, is a product of civilization, not of evolution. Go slowly! select carefully! for the dangers of democracy are: | ||
71:2.2 (801.14) 1. Æò¹üÀÇ Âù¹Ì. | 1. Glorification
of mediocrity. 2. Choice of base and ignorant rulers. 3. Failure to recognize the basic facts of social evolution. | |
71:2.5 (801.17)
4. º¸Åë ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀÌ ±³À°¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í °ÔÀ¸¸¥ ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â À§Çè.
| 4. Danger of
universal suffrage in the hands of uneducated and indolent majorities.
| |
71:2.6 (801.18)
5. ¿©·Ð¿¡ ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ´Â °Í. ´ë´Ù¼ö°¡ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¿ÇÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù.
| 5. Slavery
to public opinion; the majority is not always right. | |
71:2.7 (802.1)
¿©·Ð(æ«Öå), ÀϹÝÀû ÀÇ°ßÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª »çȸ°¡ óÁö°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¸±â´Â Çصµ, ¿©·ÐÀº °ªÁö´Ï, ¿©·ÐÀÌ »çȸÀÇ Áøȸ¦
´õµð°Ô ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹®¸íÀ» º¸Á¸Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·ÐÀ» ±³À°ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹®¸íÀ» °¡¼ÓÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°í ÂüµÈ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
¹«·ÂÀº Àá½Ã Æí¸®ÇÒ »ÓÀÌ°í, ÃѾËÀÌ ÅõÇ¥¿¡°Ô ±æÀ» ¾çº¸ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ¹®ÈÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀº °¥¼ö·Ï ´õ »¡¶óÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·Ð,
µµ´ö °ü½ÀÀº »çȸÀÇ ÁøÈ¿Í ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡ ±âº»Àû¤ý±Ùº»Àû ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÌÁö¸¸, ±¹°¡¿¡ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖÀ¸·Á¸é ¿©·ÐÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀº Æø·ÂÀ»
¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
| Public opinion,
common opinion, has always delayed society; nevertheless, it is
valuable, for, while retarding social evolution, it does preserve
civilization. Education of public opinion is the only safe and true
method of accelerating civilization; force is only a temporary expedient,
and cultural growth will increasingly accelerate as bullets give
way to ballots. Public opinion, the mores, is the basic and elemental
energy in social evolution and state development, but to be of state
value it must be nonviolent in expression. | |
71:2.8 (802.2)
»çȸÀÇ Áøº¸¸¦ Àç´Â ôµµ´Â, Æø·ÂÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» ÅëÇؼ, ¿©·ÐÀÌ °³ÀÎÀÇ Çൿ°ú ±¹°¡ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦¸¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
Á¤µµ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ¿©·ÐÀÌ °³ÀÎ ¼±°Å±ÇÀÇ ÈûÀ» °®Ãß¾úÀ» ¶§ Á¤¸»·Î ¹®¸íÈµÈ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ´Ù°¡¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ¼±°Å°¡
»ç¹°À» ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹Ù¸£°Ô °áÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»Áö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀº ³ª»Û ÀÏÁ¶Â÷µµ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. ÁøÈ´Â ´Ü¼û¿¡
ÃÖ»ó±ÞÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÀ» ³ºÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ºñ±³°¡ µÇ°í Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ½Ç¿ëÀû Á¶Á¤À» ³º´Â´Ù.
| The measure
of the advance of society is directly determined by the degree to
which public opinion can control personal behavior and state regulation
through nonviolent expression. The really civilized government had
arrived when public opinion was clothed with the powers of personal
franchise. Popular elections may not always decide things rightly,
but they represent the right way even to do a wrong thing. Evolution
does not at once produce superlative perfection but rather comparative
and advancing practical adjustment. | |
71:2.9 (802.3)
½Ç¿ëÀûÀÌ°í È¿°ú ÀÖ´Â ÇüÅÂÀÇ ´ëÀÇ Á¤Ä¡°¡ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¿ °ÉÀ½ ¶Ç´Â ´Ü°è°¡ Àִµ¥, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
| There are ten
steps, or stages, to the evolution of a practical and efficient
form of representative government, and these are: | |
71:2.10 (802.4)
1. »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯. ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ, ³ó³ë(ÒÜÒ¿), ±×¸®°í ¿Â°® ÇüÅÂÀÇ Àΰ£ÀÇ ±¸¼ÓÀº »ç¶óÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
| 1. Freedom
of the person. Slavery, serfdom, and all forms of human bondage
must disappear. | |
71:2.11 (802.5)
2. Áö¼ºÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯. ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ¹ÎÁ·ÀÌ ±³À°¡ª¿µ¸®ÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÁöÇý·Ó°Ô °èȹÇϵµ·Ï °¡¸£Ä§¡ªÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ÀÚÀ¯´Â º¸Åë,
À¯ÀÍÇϱ⺸´Ù ÇØ·Ó´Ù.
| 2. Freedom
of the mind. Unless a free people are educated-taught to think intelligently
and plan wisely-freedom usually does more harm than good. | |
71:2.12 (802.6)
3. ¹ý´ë·Î ´Ù½º¸®´Â °Í. ¿À·ÎÁö Àΰ£ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿Í º¯´öÀ», Àΰ¡µÈ ±âº»¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ¼¼¿öÁø ¹ý·ÉÀ¸·Î °¥¾ÆÄ¡¿ï ¶§
»ç¶÷Àº ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ´©¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
| 3. The reign
of law. Liberty can be enjoyed only when the will and whims of human
rulers are replaced by legislative enactments in accordance with
accepted fundamental law. | |
71:2.13 (802.7)
4. ¾ð·ÐÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯. ´ëÀÇ(ÓÛì¡) Á¤Ä¡´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿¸Á°ú ÀÇ°ßÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¿Â°® ÇüÅÂÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ¾øÀÌ´Â »ý°¢ÇÒ
¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
| 4. Freedom
of speech. Representative government is unthinkable without freedom
of all forms of expression for human aspirations and opinions. | |
71:2.14 (802.8)
5. Àç»êÀÇ ¾ÈÀü. ¾î¶² ÇüÅ·Π°³ÀÎÀÇ Àç»êÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ±ÇÇÑÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖÁö ¸øÇϸé, ¾î¶² Á¤ºÎµµ ¿À·¡ °ßµô ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
»ç¶÷Àº ±×ÀÇ °³ÀÎ Àç»êÀ» ¾²°í, ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ°í, ÁÖ°í, ÆÈ°í, ºô·Á ÁÖ°í, ¹°·ÁÁÙ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ½Í¾îÇÑ´Ù.
| 5. Security
of property. No government can long endure if it fails to provide
for the right to enjoy personal property in some form. Man craves
the right to use, control, bestow, sell, lease, and bequeath his
personal property. | |
71:2.15 (802.9)
6. ź¿øÇÒ ±Ç¸®. ´ëÀÇ Á¤Ä¡´Â ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÌ ¸»ÇÒ ±Ç¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ź¿øÇϴ Ư±ÇÀº ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ½Ã¹Î±Ç¿¡ º»·¡ºÎÅÍ
ÀÖ´Ù.
| 6. The right
of petition. Representative government assumes the right of citizens
to be heard. The privilege of petition is inherent in free citizenship.
| |
71:2.16 (802.10)
7. ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ±Ç¸®. ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº ¸»À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³Ë³ËÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ź¿øÇÏ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀº Á¤ºÎ¸¦ ½ÇÁ¦·Î °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â µ¥±îÁö ³ª¾Æ°¡¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù.
| 7. The right
to rule. It is not enough to be heard; the power of petition must
progress to the actual management of the government. | |
71:2.17 (802.11)
8. º¸Åë ¼±°Å±Ç. ´ëÀÇ Á¤Ä¡´Â ÃѸíÇÏ°í À¯´ÉÇÑ º¸Åë ¼±°Å±ÇÀÚ¸¦ ÀüÁ¦ Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀº Á¤ºÎ¸¦
±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ÀÚÀÇ µÊµÊÀÌ¿Í ÀÎÇ°¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ´Ã °áÁ¤µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹®¸íÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀº ³²³à¿¡°Ô º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ³²¾Æ
ÀÖÁö¸¸, È¿°ú ÀÖ°Ô °íÃÄÁö°í, ´Ù½Ã ºÐ·ùµÇ°í, ´Þ¸® ±¸º°µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| 8. Universal
suffrage. Representative government presupposes an intelligent,
efficient, and universal electorate. The character of such a government
will ever be determined by the character and caliber of those who
compose it. As civilization progresses, suffrage, while remaining
universal for both sexes, will be effectively modified, regrouped,
and otherwise differentiated. | |
71:2.18 (802.12)
9. °øº¹(ÍëÜÒ)ÀÇ ÅëÁ¦. ½Ã¹ÎÀÌ °ø¹«¿ø°ú °øº¹À» ¾È³»ÇÏ°í ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ÁöÇý·Î¿î ±â¹ýÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°í ¾²Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ¾î¶² ±¹°¡
Á¤ºÎµµ ¾µ¸ð ÀÖ°í È¿°úÀûÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
| 9. Control
of public servants. No civil government will be serviceable and
effective unless the citizenry possess and use wise techniques of
guiding and controlling officeholders and public servants. | |
71:2.19 (802.13)
10. ÃѸíÇÏ°í ÈƷùÞÀº ´ëÇ¥. ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ°¡ »ì¾Æ³²´Â °ÍÀº ´ëÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ÀÇ ¼º°ø¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±â¼ú ÈÆ·ÃÀ»
¹Þ°í, ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î À¯´ÉÇÏ°í, »çȸ¿¡ Ã漺Çϸç, µµ´öÀûÀ¸·Î °ÇÀüÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¸¸ °øÁ÷¿¡ ¼±ÃâÇÏ´Â °ü½À¿¡ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¿À·ÎÁö
±×·± Áغñ°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ±¹¹ÎÀÇ Á¤ºÎ, ±¹¹ÎÀÌ ´Ù½º¸®´Â Á¤ºÎ, ±¹¹ÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¤ºÎ°¡ º¸Á¸µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
| 10. Intelligent
and trained representation. The survival of democracy is dependent
on successful representative government; and that is conditioned
upon the practice of electing to public offices only those individuals
who are technically trained, intellectually competent, socially
loyal, and morally fit. Only by such provisions can government of
the people, by the people, and for the people be preserved. |
71:3.1 (803.1) ÇÑ Á¤ºÎÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ ¶Ç´Â ÇàÁ¤ÀÇ ÇüÅ´Â, ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ °Í¡ªÀÚÀ¯¤ý¾ÈÀü¤ý±³À° ¹× »çȸÀû Á¶Á¤¡ªÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇØ Áشٸé, °ÅÀÇ Á߿伺ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¾î¶² ±¹°¡Àΰ¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±¹°¡°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» Çϴ°¡°¡ »çȸÀÇ ÁøÈ °úÁ¤À» Á¿ìÇÑ´Ù. ±¹¹ÎÀÌ »ÌÀº ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ ¿¹°¡ µÇ´Ù½ÃÇÇ, °á±¹Àº ¾î¶² ±¹°¡µµ ±¹¹ÎÀÇ µµ´öÀû °¡Ä¡ ±âÁØÀ» ¶Ù¾î³ÑÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¹«Áö¿Í À̱â½ÉÀº °¡Àå ³ôÀº Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¤ºÎ¶óµµ ²À ¹«³ÊÁö°Ô ¸¸µé °ÍÀÌ´Ù. | 3. The Ideals of Statehood The political or administrative form of a government is of little consequence provided it affords the essentials of civil progress-liberty, security, education, and social co-ordination. It is not what a state is but what it does that determines the course of social evolution. And after all, no state can transcend the moral values of its citizenry as exemplified in their chosen leaders. Ignorance and selfishness will insure the downfall of even the highest type of government. | |
71:3.2 (803.2)
¸Å¿ì À¯°¨À¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ÀÚ±â Áß½ÉÁÖÀÇ´Â »çȸ°¡ »ì¾Æ³²´Â µ¥ Çʼö¿´´Ù. ¼±ÅÃµÈ ¹é¼ºÀ̶ó´Â ½ÅÁ¶´Â Çö´ë¿¡
À̸£±â±îÁö °è¼Ó, ºÎÁ·ÀÇ °á¼Ó°ú ±¹°¡ °Ç¼³¿¡ À¸¶ä°¡´Â ¿ä¼Ò¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿Â°® Á¾·ùÀÇ ºÒ°ü¿ë(Üôΰé»)À» ¾ø¾Ù ¶§±îÁö,
¾î¶² ³ª¶óµµ ÀÌ»óÀû È°µ¿ ¼öÁØ¿¡ À̸¦ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í °úÇФý»ó¾÷¤ý³îÀ̤ýÁ¾±³¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°ü¿ëÀ» ¹°¸®Ä¡´Â µ¥
ÃÖ¼±ÀÌ´Ù.
| Much as it
is to be regretted, national egotism has been essential to social
survival. The chosen people doctrine has been a prime factor in
tribal welding and nation building right on down to modern times.
But no state can attain ideal levels of functioning until every
form of intolerance is mastered; it is everlastingly inimical to
human progress. And intolerance is best combated by the co-ordination
of science, commerce, play, and religion. | |
71:3.3 (803.3) ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ±¹°¡´Â °·ÂÇÏ°í Á¶ÈµÇ¾î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ¼¼ °¡Áö ÃßÁø·ÂÀÇ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹Þ°í¼ È°µ¿ÇÑ´Ù: | 3 The ideal
state functions under the impulse of three mighty and co-ordinated
drives: | |
71:3.4 (803.4)
1. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇüÁ¦ÀÓÀ» ±ú´Ý°í »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î Ãæ½ÇÇÏ´Â °Í.
| 1. Love loyalty
derived from the realization of human brotherhood. | |
71:3.5 (803.5)
2. ÁöÇý·Î¿î ÀÌ»ó¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ, ÃѸíÇÑ ¾Ö±¹½É.
| 2. Intelligent
patriotism based on wise ideals. | |
71:3.6 (803.6)
3. Ç༺ÀÇ »ç½Ç¤ýÇÊ¿ä¤ý¸ñÇ¥·Î Ç®ÀÌÇÑ ¿ìÁÖÀû ÅëÂû·Â.
| 3. Cosmic insight
interpreted in terms of planetary facts, needs, and goals. | |
71:3.7 (803.7)
ÀÌ»óÀû ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹ýÀº °¡Áö ¼ö°¡ ¸¹Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±× ¹ýÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â ±Ý±â ½Ã´ë¸¦ Áö³ª¼, ÀÚÁ¦°¡ Çâ»óµÇ´Â °á°ú·Î¼
°³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ½Ã´ë·Î ³Ñ¾î°¬´Ù. ³ôÀº ¼öÁØ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¹°¡´Â ±¹¹Î¿¡°Ô ÀÏÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ÇÒ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±â°è ½Ã´ë·Î Áøº¸ÇÏ¿© °íµÈ ÀϷκÎÅÍ ÇعæµÇ¾î ¾ò´Â ´Ã¾î³ ¿©°¡¸¦ À¯ÀÍÇÏ°í °í»óÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ¿ëÇϵµ·Ï À¯µµÇÑ´Ù. ¿©°¡´Â ¹°°ÇÀ»
¼ÒºñÇÒ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ý»ê¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
| The laws of
the ideal state are few in number, and they have passed out of the
negativistic taboo age into the era of the positive progress of
individual liberty consequent upon enhanced self-control. The exalted
state not only compels its citizens to work but also entices them
into profitable and uplifting utilization of the increasing leisure
which results from toil liberation by the advancing machine age.
Leisure must produce as well as consume. | |
71:3.8 (803.8)
¾î¶² »çȸµµ, °ÔÀ¸¸§À» Çã¿ëÇϰųª ºó°ïÀ» ¹¬ÀÎÇÒ ¶§ ±×´ÙÁö ¸¹ÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °áÇÔÀÌ ÀÖ°í ÅðÈµÈ ÇÍÁÙÀ»
¾Æ³¦¾øÀÌ Áö¿øÇÏ°í, ¾Æ¹« Á¦ÇÑ ¾øÀÌ ¹ø½ÄÇϵµ·Ï Çã¶ôÇϸé, °áÄÚ ºó°ï°ú ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ¾ø¾Ù ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
| No society
has progressed very far when it permits idleness or tolerates poverty.
But poverty and dependence can never be eliminated if the defective
and degenerate stocks are freely supported and permitted to reproduce
without restraint. | |
71:3.9 (803.9)
µµ´öÀûÀÎ »çȸ´Â ±× ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ÀÚÁ¸½ÉÀ» º¸Á¸ÇÏ°í ¸ðµç Á¤»óÀûÀÎ °³Àο¡°Ô ÀھƸ¦ ½ÇÇöÇÏ´Â Àû´çÇÑ ±âȸ¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·Î
»ï¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ »çȸÀû ¼ºÃë °èȹÀº °¡Àå ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ ¹®È¸¦ °¡Áø »çȸ¸¦ ³ºÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀ¸·Î ±ÔÁ¦ÇÏ´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ
°¨µ¶À¸·Î »çȸÀÇ ÁøÈ°¡ ÃËÁøµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. °¡Àå Àû°Ô ´Ù½º¸®°í, °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡°¡ Á¦ÀÏ ÁÁ´Ù.
| A moral society
should aim to preserve the self-respect of its citizenry and afford
every normal individual adequate opportunity for self-realization.
Such a plan of social achievement would yield a cultural society
of the highest order. Social evolution should be encouraged by governmental
supervision which exercises a minimum of regulative control. That
state is best which co-ordinates most while governing least. | |
71:3.10 (803.10)
ÀÌ»óÀû ±¹°¡´Â ÁøÈ·Î, ½Ã¹Î ÀǽÄ, °ð »çȸ¿¡ ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â Àǹ«¿Í Ư±ÇÀÇ ÀνÄÀÌ, õõÈ÷ ¼ºÀåÇÔÀ¸·Î ¼ºÃëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
óÀ½¿¡´Â, À̱Ç(××Ïí) ¿îµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ÇàÁ¤ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ÁÀ¾Æ¼, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÁüÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÓ¹«·Î¼ ¸ÃÁö¸¸, ³ªÁß¿¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
±×·¯ÇÑ Á÷Ã¥À» ÇϳªÀÇ Æ¯±ÇÀ¸·Î¼, °¡Àå Å« ¸í¿¹·Î¼ Ãß±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¼öÁØ¿¡ ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ, ¹®¸íÀÇ ÁöÀ§´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀ»
ÀÚûÇؼ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ±¹¹ÎÀÇ µÊµÊÀÌ°¡ Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
| The ideals
of statehood must be attained by evolution, by the slow growth of
civic consciousness, the recognition of the obligation and privilege
of social service. At first men assume the burdens of government
as a duty, following the end of the administration of political
spoilsmen, but later on they seek such ministry as a privilege,
as the greatest honor. The status of any level of civilization is
faithfully portrayed by the caliber of its citizens who volunteer
to accept the responsibilities of statehood. | |
71:3.11 (803.11)
±¹¹ÎÀÇ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ °æÁ¦ ¹× »ó¾÷ ´Üü¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ÂüµÈ ¿¬¹æ¿¡¼´Â Àü¹®°¡°¡ µµ½Ã¿Í Áö¹æÀ» ´Ù½º¸®´Â »ç¹«¸¦
¿î¿µÇÏ°í °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
| In a real commonwealth
the business of governing cities and provinces is conducted by experts
and is managed just as are all other forms of economic and commercial
associations of people. | |
71:3.12 (803.12)
Áøº¸µÈ ±¹°¡¿¡¼, Á¤Ä¡Àû ºÀ»ç´Â ±¹¹ÎÀÇ °¡Àå ³ôÀº Çå½ÅÀ¸·Î Æò°¡µÈ´Ù. °¡Àå ÁöÇý·Ó°í °í±ÍÇÑ ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ °¡Àå Å« Æ÷ºÎ´Â
½Ã¹ÎÀÇ ÀÎÁ¤À» ¾ò°í, Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¸Ã±â´Â ¾î¶² ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¼±ÃâµÇ°Å³ª ÀÓ¸íµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤ºÎ´Â ºÀ»ç¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ³ôÀº
¸í¿¹¸¦ °ø¹«¿øÀ̳ª »çȸ¿¡ ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼ö¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¸í¿¹´Â Â÷·Ê´ë·Î öÇÐÀÚ¤ý±³À°ÀÚ¤ý°úÇÐÀÚ¤ý»ê¾÷°¡¤ý±ºÀο¡°Ô ¼ö¿©µÈ´Ù.
ºÎ¸ð´Â ¾ÆµéµþÀÇ Å¹¿ù¼º¿¡ µû¶ó ¸¶¶¥È÷ »óÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ¼øÀüÈ÷ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ÁöµµÀÚ´Â ¿µÀû ±¹°¡ÀÇ ´ë»ç(ÓÞÞÅ)À̴ϱî, ÁøÂ¥
º¸»óÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
| In advanced
states, political service is esteemed as the highest devotion of
the citizenry. The greatest ambition of the wisest and noblest of
citizens is to gain civil recognition, to be elected or appointed
to some position of governmental trust, and such governments confer
their highest honors of recognition for service upon their civil
and social servants. Honors are next bestowed in the order named
upon philosophers, educators, scientists, industrialists, and militarists.
Parents are duly rewarded by the excellency of their children, and
purely religious leaders, being ambassadors of a spiritual kingdom,
receive their real rewards in another world. |
4. Progressive Civilization Economics, society, and government must evolve if they are to remain. Static conditions on an evolutionary world are indicative of decay; only those institutions which move forward with the evolutionary stream persist. | ||
71:4.2 (804.2)
È®´ëµÇ´Â ¹®¸íÀÇ ÁøÃëÀû °èȹÀº ´ÙÀ½À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù:
| The progressive
program of an expanding civilization embraces: | |
71:4.3 (804.3) 1. °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ º¸Á¸. | 1. Preservation of individual liberties. | |
71:4.15 (804.15)
¹®¸íÀÇ ¿¹¼ú¿¡¼ »ý±â´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áøº¸´Â ÇÊ»çÀÚÀÇ ³ë·Â¿¡¼ °¡Àå ³ôÀº, Àΰ£´ä°í ½Å´Ù¿î ¸ñÇ¥ÀÇ ½ÇÇöÀ¸·Î¡ª»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦ Á¤½ÅÀ»
»çȸ¿¡¼ ¼ºÃëÇÏ°í Çϳª´ÔÀ» ÀǽÄÇÏ´Â °³ÀÎÀû ÁöÀ§¿¡ À̸£µµ·Ï¡ª¹Ù·Î À̲ø¸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼Ò¸Á, Çϴÿ¡ °è½Å ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ
¶æÀ» ÇàÇÏ·Á´Â ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¼Ò¸Á¿¡¼ µå·¯³´Ù.
| And this progress
in the arts of civilization leads directly to the realization of
the highest human and divine goals of mortal endeavor-the social
achievement of the brotherhood of man and the personal status of
God-consciousness, which becomes revealed in the supreme desire
of every individual to do the will of the Father in heaven. | |
71:4.16 (804.16)
ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÇüÁ¦ Á¤½ÅÀÇ ÃâÇöÀº, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼·Î ±â»Ú°Ô ÁüÀ» Áö´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ »çȸ Áú¼°¡ µµÂøÇßÀ½À» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ±×µéÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î
Ȳ±Ý·üÀ» ½ÇõÇÏ°í ½Í¾î ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÌ»óÀû »çȸ´Â, Áø¸®¤ý¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ò¤ý¼±À» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ºÀ»ç¿¡ Çå½ÅÇÔÀ¸·Î ÁÖ·Î Àڱع޴Â
ÀÚ¸¦ ¾àÇÑ ÀÚ³ª ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ°¡ ºÎ´çÇÏ°í »ç¾ÇÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÀẹÇؼ ±â´Ù¸± ¶§´Â ½ÇÇöµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼´Â ¿ÀÁ÷
ÇÑ ±æÀÌ ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÌ´Ù: ¡°È²±Ý·üÀ» ÁöÅ°´Â »ç¶÷¡±Àº ±×µéÀÇ ÆòÈ·Î¿î ¼ºÁúÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϰųª Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¹®¸íÀÇ Æı«¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÒÁöµµ
¸ð¸£´Â µÚ¶³¾îÁø µ¿·á¿¡ ´ëÇ×Çؼ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹æ¾î¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϸé¼, ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌ»ó¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÁøÃëÀû »çȸ¸¦ ¼¼¿öµµ ÁÁ´Ù.
| The appearance
of genuine brotherhood signifies that a social order has arrived
in which all men delight in bearing one another's burdens; they
actually desire to practice the golden rule. But such an ideal society
cannot be realized when either the weak or the wicked lie in wait
to take unfair and unholy advantage of those who are chiefly actuated
by devotion to the service of truth, beauty, and goodness. In such
a situation only one course is practical: The " golden rulers
" may establish a progressive society in which they live according
to their ideals while maintaining an adequate defense against their
benighted fellows who might seek either to exploit their pacific
predilections or to destroy their advancing civilization. | |
71:4.17 (804.17)
°¢ ¼¼´ë¿¡ ÀÌ»óÁÖÀÇÀÚ°¡ ±×º¸´Ù ³·Àº ¼¿ÀÇ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ¸êÁ¾µÇµµ·Ï ¹ö·ÁµÎ¸é, ÀÌ»óÁÖÀÇ´Â ÁøÈÇÏ´Â Ç༺¿¡¼ °áÄÚ »ì¾Æ³²À»
¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÌ»óÁÖÀÇÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ½ÃÇèÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù: À̱âÀû ¼ÒµæÀ» ¾ò°Å³ª ³ª¶ó¸¦ Å©°Ô ¸¸µé·Á´Â ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥
¹ÎÁ·À» °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â ÀÛÀü¿¡ ÀÌ ±º»ç·ÂÀ» ¾²·Á´Â À¯È¤¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼, ÇϳªÀÇ Áøº¸ÇÑ »çȸ°¡, ÀüÀïÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ÀÌ¿ôµéÀÇ
¿Â°® °ø°ÝÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµµ ±× »çȸ¸¦ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô Áöų ±×·¯ÇÑ ±º»çÀû Áغñ¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡? ±¹°¡°¡ »ì¾Æ³²À¸·Á¸é ÀüÀï Áغñ°¡
ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, ¿ÀÁ÷ Á¾±³Àû ÀÌ»ó(ìµßÌ)ÀÌ ¹æ¾î Áغñ¸¦ °ø°Ý¿¡ ¾Ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿À·ÎÁö »ç¶û, ÇüÁ¦ Á¤½ÅÀÌ,
°ÇÑ ÀÚ°¡ ¾àÇÑ ÀÚ¸¦ ¾ï´©¸£´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
| Idealism can
never survive on an evolving planet if the idealists in each generation
permit themselves to be exterminated by the baser orders of humanity.
And here is the great test of idealism: Can an advanced society
maintain that military preparedness which renders it secure from
all attack by its war-loving neighbors without yielding to the temptation
to employ this military strength in offensive operations against
other peoples for purposes of selfish gain or national aggrandizement?
National survival demands preparedness, and religious idealism alone
can prevent the prostitution of preparedness into aggression. Only
love, brotherhood, can prevent the strong from oppressing the weak.
|
71:5.1 (805.1) °æÀïÀº »çȸÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ ÇʼöÀÌÁö¸¸, ±ÔÁ¦¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀº °æÀïÀº Æø·ÂÀ» ³º´Â´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ »çȸ¿¡¼, °æÀïÀº »ê¾÷ ÀÚü°¡ »ì¾Æ³²À» °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ ¼±¾ðÇÒ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »ê¾÷¿¡¼ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇϹǷΠ°æÀïÀº õõÈ÷ ÀüÀïÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (»ìÀΰú ÀüÀïÀº µµ´ö °ü½À ¾Õ¿¡¼ ÁöÀ§°¡ ´Ù¸£¸ç, »ìÀÎÀº »çȸÀÇ Ãʱ⠽ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ·Î ±ÝÁöµÇ¾ú°í, ÇÑÆí ¾ÆÁ÷ Àηù Àüü°¡ ÀüÀïÀ» ±ÝÁöÇÑ ÀûÀº ¾ø´Ù.) | 5. The Evolution of Competition Competition is essential to social progress, but competition, unregulated, breeds violence. In current society, competition is slowly displacing war in that it determines the individual's place in industry, as well as decreeing the survival of the industries themselves. (Murder and war differ in their status before the mores, murder having been outlawed since the early days of society, while war has never yet been outlawed by mankind as a whole.) | |
71:5.2 (805.2)
ÀÌ»óÀû ±¹°¡´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ °æÀï¿¡¼ Æø·ÂÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í °³ÀÎÀû ÁÖµµ±ÇÀÇ ºÒ°øÆòÀ» ¸·±â¿¡ °Ü¿ì ÃæºÐÇÒ ¸¸Å »çȸÀû ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦¸¦
¶°¸Ã´Â´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ ±¹°¡ÀÇ Å« ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù: ¾î¶»°Ô »ê¾÷¿¡¼ ÆòÈ¿Í Æò¿ÂÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ°í, ±¹°¡ÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀ» Áö¿øÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©
¼¼±ÝÀ» ³»°í, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼¼±ÝÀÌ »ê¾÷¿¡ Àå¾Ö°¡ µÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¸·À¸¸é¼, ±¹°¡°¡ ±â»ýÃæÀ̳ª Æø±ºÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê°Ô º¸ÀåÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?
| The ideal state undertakes to regulate social conduct only enough to take violence out of individual competition and to prevent unfairness in personal initiative. Here is a great problem in statehood: How can you guarantee peace and quiet in industry, pay the taxes to support state power, and at the same time prevent taxation from handicapping industry and keep the state from becoming parasitical or tyrannical? | |
71:5.3 (805.3)
¾î´À ¼¼»ó¿¡¼µµ ±× Ãʱ⠽ô븦 ÅëÇÏ¿© ³»³», °æÀïÀº Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¹®¸í¿¡ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÁøÈ°¡ ÁøÇàµÊ¿¡ µû¶ó¼,
Çùµ¿Àº °¥¼ö·Ï ´õ È¿°ú ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. »ó±Þ ¹®¸í¿¡¼´Â Çùµ¿ÀÌ °æÀﺸ´Ù ´õ ´É·üÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº °æÀï¿¡ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
Ãʱâ ÁøÈÀÇ Æ¯Â¡Àº »ý¹°ÇлóÀÇ ÀûÀÚ(îêíº)°¡ »ì¾Æ³²´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ¿µ¸®ÇÑ Çùµ¿, ¼·Î ÀÌÇØÇϴ ģ±³, ¿µÀû ÇüÁ¦ Á¤½ÅÀÌ
ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ¹®¸íÀ» ´õ ³´°Ô ÃËÁøÇÑ´Ù.
| Throughout
the earlier ages of any world, competition is essential to progressive
civilization. As the evolution of man progresses, co-operation becomes
increasingly effective. In advanced civilizations co-operation is
more efficient than competition. Early man is stimulated by competition.
Early evolution is characterized by the survival of the biologically
fit, but later civilizations are the better promoted by intelligent
co-operation, understanding fraternity, and spiritual brotherhood.
| |
71:5.4 (805.4)
»ê¾÷ÀÇ °æÀïÀº Áö³ªÄ£ ³¶ºñÀÌ¸ç »ó´çÈ÷ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ Âü¸»ÀÌÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ³¶ºñÀû °æÁ¦ ¿îµ¿À» ¾ø¾Ö·Á´Â ¾î¶² ³ë·Âµµ, ±×·¯ÇÑ
Á¶ÀýÀÌ °³ÀÎÀÇ ±âº» ÀÚÀ¯ Áß¿¡ ¾î´À °ÍÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ ¼ÕÅ鸸ÅÀÌ¶óµµ Ãë¼ÒÇÒ ¶§, ¹¬ÀÎÇؼ´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
| True, competition
in industry is exceedingly wasteful and highly ineffective, but
no attempt to eliminate this economic lost motion should be countenanced
if such adjustments entail even the slightest abrogation of any
of the basic liberties of the individual. |
71:6.1 (805.5) ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á´Â µ¿±â°¡ ºÀ»çÇÏ·Á´Â µ¿±â·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© È®´ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ÀÌÀÍ¿¡ µû¶ó ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ °æÁ¦´Â ¿î¸íÀÌ Á¤ÇØÁ³´Ù. »ý°¢ÀÌ Á¼Àº ÀÚ±â ÀÌÀÍ¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ ¹«ÀÚºñÇÑ °æÀïÀº ±Ã±Ø¿¡, ±× °æÀïÀÌ À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¶Àúµµ Æı«ÇÑ´Ù. ¼øÀüÈ÷ »ç¸®(Þç××)¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀÍ µ¿±â´Â ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ÀÌ»ó°ú ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¡ª¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ´õ±º´Ù³ª ¾î±ß³´Ù. | 6. The Profit Motive Present-day profit-motivated economics is doomed unless profit motives can be augmented by service motives. Ruthless competition based on narrow-minded self-interest is ultimately destructive of even those things which it seeks to maintain. Exclusive and self-serving profit motivation is incompatible with Christian ideals-much more incompatible with the teachings of Jesus. | |
71:6.2 (805.6)
°æÁ¦Çп¡¼ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á´Â µ¿±â¿Í ºÀ»çÇÏ·Á´Â µ¿±âÀÇ °ü°è´Â Á¾±³¿¡¼ µÎ·Á¿ò°ú »ç¶ûÀÇ °ü°è¿Í °°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÀÍÀÇ µ¿±â¸¦
°©ÀÚ±â Æı«Çϰųª ¾ø¾Ö¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ÀÌÀÍ µ¿±â´Â ±×·± µ¿±â°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ³ªÅÂÇÑ »ç¶÷À» ºÎÁö·±È÷ ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
»çȸÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ÀÌ ÀÚ±ØÁ¦ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦±îÁö³ª À̱âÀûÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù.
| In economics,
profit motivation is to service motivation what fear is to love
in religion. But the profit motive must not be suddenly destroyed
or removed; it keeps many otherwise slothful mortals hard at work.
It is not necessary, however, that this social energy arouser be
forever selfish in its objectives. | |
71:6.3 (805.7) °æÁ¦ È°µ¿¿¡¼ ÀÌÀÍÀÇ µ¿±â´Â ³ôÀº üÁ¦ÀÇ »çȸ¿¡ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î õÇÏ°í ÀüÇô ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·±µ¥µµ ÀÌÀÍ µ¿±â´Â ¹®¸íÀÇ Ãʱ⠴ܰè Àüü¿¡ °ÉÃļ ÇʼöÀÎ ¿ä¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °æÁ¦Àû ³ë·Â°ú »çȸ ºÀ»ç¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©, ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¿ì¼öÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ºñÀÌÀÍ µ¿±â¡ªÃÖ»óÀÇ ÁöÇý, Èï¹Ì ÀÖ´Â ÇüÁ¦ Á¤½Å, Ź¿ùÇÑ ¿µÀû ´Þ¼ºÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á´Â ÃÊ¿ùÀû ¿å±¸¡ª¸¦ ´Ü´ÜÈ÷ ÀâÀ» ¶§±îÁö, ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á´Â µ¿±â¸¦ »ç¶÷µéÇÑÅ×¼ »©¾Ñ¾Æ¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. | The profit
motive of economic activities is altogether base and wholly unworthy
of an advanced order of society; nevertheless, it is an indispensable
factor throughout the earlier phases of civilization. Profit motivation
must not be taken away from men until they have firmly possessed
themselves of superior types of nonprofit motives for economic striving
and social serving-the transcendent urges of superlative wisdom,
intriguing brotherhood, and excellency of spiritual attainment. |
7. Education The enduring state is founded on culture, dominated by ideals, and motivated by service. The purpose of education should be acquirement of skill, pursuit of wisdom, realization of selfhood, and attainment of spiritual values. | ||
71:7.2 (806.2)
ÀÌ»óÀû ±¹°¡¿¡¼´Â ±³À°ÀÌ ÀÏ»ýÀ» ÅëÇؼ ³»³» °è¼ÓµÇ¸ç, ¶§·Î´Â öÇÐÀÌ ±× ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ Ãß±¸ ´ë»óÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ±×·± ³ª¶óÀÇ
±¹¹ÎÀº Àΰ£ °ü°èÀÇ Á߿伺, ½ÇüÀÇ ÀǹÌ, °¡Ä¡ ±âÁØÀÇ °í±ÍÇÔ, »ýÈ°ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥, ¿µÈ·Î¿î ¿ìÁÖ ¿î¸íÀ» ²ç¶Õ¾îº¸´Â ÅëÂû·ÂÀ»
³ôÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ ÁöÇý¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
| In the ideal
state, education continues throughout life, and philosophy sometime
becomes the chief pursuit of its citizens. The citizens of such
a commonwealth pursue wisdom as an enhancement of insight into the
significance of human relations, the meanings of reality, the nobility
of values, the goals of living, and the glories of cosmic destiny.
| |
71:7.3 (806.3)
À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÎÀº »õ·Ó°í ´õ ³ôÀº, ¹®È ÀÖ´Â »çȸ¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Â ²ÞÀ» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±³À°Àº ¼øÀüÈ÷ ÀÌÀÍ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â °æÁ¦
ü°è°¡ »ç¶óÁü°ú ÇÔ²², »õ·Î¿î °¡Ä¡ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¶Ù¾î¿À¸¦ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±³À°Àº ³Ê¹«³ª ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö¿ª°ú ±º´ë¿¡ Ä¡ÁßÇÏ¿´°í, ÀھƸ¦
Âù¹ÌÇÏ°í ¼º°øÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±³À°Àº ±Ã±Ø¿¡ ¼¼°èÀû¤ýÀÌ»óÀûÀ̾î¾ß ÇÏ°í, ÀھƸ¦ ½ÇÇöÇÏ°í ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
| Urantians should
get a vision of a new and higher cultural society. Education will
jump to new levels of value with the passing of the purely profit-motivated
system of economics. Education has too long been localistic, militaristic,
ego exalting, and success seeking; it must eventually become world-wide,
idealistic, self-realizing, and cosmic grasping. | |
71:7.4 (806.4)
±³À°Àº ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚÀÇ ÅëÁ¦¸¦ ¹Þ´Ù°¡, ¿äÁîÀ½¿¡ ¹ý·ü°¡¿Í »ç¾÷°¡µéÀÌ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ÀÏ·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡ ¹ö·È´Ù. ±Ã±Ø¿¡´Â öÇÐÀÚ¿Í °úÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô
±³À°À» ¸Ã°Ü¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. öÇÐ, °ð ÁöÇýÀÇ Å½±¸°¡ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ±³À° ¸ñÇ¥°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï, ¼±»ýµéÀº ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î Á¸Àç, ÁøÂ¥ ÁöµµÀÚ°¡
µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
| Education
recently passed from the control of the clergy to that of lawyers
and businessmen. Eventually it must be given over to the philosophers
and the scientists. Teachers must be free beings, real leaders,
to the end that philosophy, the search for wisdom, may become the
chief educational pursuit. | |
71:7.5 (806.5)
±³À°Àº ½ÇõÇÏ´Â »ç¾÷ÀÌ´Ù. ±³À°Àº ÀÏ»ýÀ» ÅëÇؼ ³»³» °è¼ÓµÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ±×·¡¼ Àηù´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁö´Â ¼öÁØÀÇ
ÇÊ»çÀÚÀÇ ÁöÇý¸¦ Â÷ÃûÂ÷Ãû üÇèÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù:
| Education is
the business of living; it must continue throughout a lifetime so
that mankind may gradually experience the ascending levels of mortal
wisdom, which are: | |
71:7.6 (806.6) 1. »ç¹°¿¡ °üÇÑ Áö½Ä. | 1. The knowledge
of things. 2. The realization of meanings. 3. The appreciation of values. 4. The nobility of work-duty. 5. The motivation of goals-morality. 6. The love of service-character. 7. Cosmic insight-spiritual discernment. | |
71:7.13 (806.13)
±×¸®°í ³ª¼, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼ºÃ븦 ÅëÇؼ, ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇÊ»çÀڷμ ±Ã±Ø¿¡ Áö¼ºÀÌ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â ¼öÁØ, Çϳª´ÔÀ» ÀǽÄÇÏ´Â ¼öÁرîÁö
¿Ã¶ó°¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| And then, by
means of these achievements, many will ascend to the mortal ultimate
of mind attainment, God-consciousness. |
71:8.1 (806.14) ¾î¶² Àΰ£ Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼µµ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ¼º½º·¯¿î ¸ð½ÀÀº ±¹°¡¸¦ ÇàÁ¤¤ýÀÔ¹ý¤ý»ç¹ý È°µ¿ÀÇ ¼¼ ºÐ°ú·Î ³ª´« °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ìÁÖ´Â ±â´É°ú ±ÇÇÑÀ» ±×·¸°Ô ºÐ¸®ÇÏ´Â °èȹ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ °ü¸®µÈ´Ù. È¿°úÀû »çȸ ±ÔÁ¦³ª ±¹¹ÎÀÇ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÌ ½Å¼ºÇÑ °³³äÀ» Á¦Ãijõ°í, ½Ã¹ÎÀÌ ´õ¿í ÀÚÁ¦ÇÏ°í ´õ¿í »çȸ¿¡ ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ÇâÇÏ¿© ´Ã Áøº¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÌ ¾î¶² ÇüÅÂÀÇ ±¹°¡¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϴ°¡´Â °ÅÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ³¯Ä«·Î¿î Áö´É, °æÁ¦Àû ÁöÇý, »çȸÀû Áö·«, µµ´öÀû ü·ÂÀº ¸ðµÎ ±¹°¡¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô ¹Ý¿µµÈ´Ù.
| 8. The Character of Statehood The only sacred feature of any human government is the division of statehood into the three domains of executive, legislative, and judicial functions. The universe is administered in accordance with such a plan of segregation of functions and authority. Aside from this divine concept of effective social regulation or civil government, it matters little what form of state a people may elect to have provided the citizenry is ever progressing toward the goal of augmented self-control and increased social service. The intellectual keenness, economic wisdom, social cleverness, and moral stamina of a people are all faithfully reflected in statehood. | |
71:8.2 (806.15)
±¹°¡ÀÇ ÁøÈ¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î Áøº¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù:
| The evolution
of statehood entails progress from level to level, as follows: | |
71:8.3 (806.16)
1. ÇàÁ¤ºÎ¤ýÀÔ¹ýºÎ¤ý»ç¹ýºÎ, ¼¼ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î Á¤ºÎ¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÏ´Â °Í.
| 1. The creation
of a threefold government of executive, legislative, and judicial
branches. | |
71:8.4 (806.17)
2. »çȸ¤ýÁ¤Ä¡¤ýÁ¾±³ È°µ¿ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯.
| 2. The freedom
of social, political, and religious activities. | |
71:8.5 (807.1)
3. ¿Â°® ÇüÅÂÀÇ ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ¿Í Àΰ£Àû ¼Ó¹ÚÀÇ ÆóÁö.
| 3. The abolition
of all forms of slavery and human bondage. | |
71:8.6 (807.2)
4. ±¹¹ÎÀÌ ¼¼±Ý ºÎ°ú¿¡ °í»ß¸¦ Áã´Â ´É·Â.
| 4. The ability
of the citizenry to control the levying of taxes. | |
71:8.7 (807.3)
5. º¸ÆíÀû ±³À°ÀÇ È®¸³¡ª¿ä¶÷¿¡¼ ¹«´ý±îÁö À̾îÁø ±³À°.
| 5. The establishment
of universal education-learning extended from the cradle to the
grave. | |
71:8.8 (807.4)
6. Áö¿ª Á¤ºÎ¿Í ±¹°¡ Á¤ºÎ »çÀÌÀÇ Àû´çÇÑ Á¶Á¤.
| 6. The proper
adjustment between local and national governments. | |
71:8.9 (807.5)
7. °úÇÐÀÇ À°¼º°ú Áúº´ÀÇ Á¤º¹.
| 7. The fostering
of science and the conquest of disease. | |
71:8.10 (807.6)
8. ³²³à ÆòµîÀ» ¸¶¶¥È÷ ÀÎÁ¤Çϸç, »ê¾÷°ú Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼ ¿©ÀÚµéÀÌ Æ¯ÈµÈ ºÀ»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¾Æ¿ï·¯, °¡Á¤¤ýÇб³¤ý±³È¸¿¡¼
³²³à°¡ Á¶ÈµÇ¾î È°µ¿ÇÏ´Â °Í.
| 8. The due
recognition of sex equality and the co-ordinated functioning of
men and women in the home, school, and church, with specialized
service of women in industry and government. | |
71:8.11 (807.7)
9. ±â°èÀÇ ¹ß¸í°ú ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ±â°è ½Ã´ë¸¦ Á¤º¹ÇÔÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷ÀÌ °íµÈ ÀÏ¿¡ ¿¹¼ÓµÇÁö ¾Ê°Ô ¸¸µå´Â °Í.
| 9. The elimination
of toiling slavery by machine invention and the subsequent mastery
of the machine age. | |
71:8.12 (807.8)
10. ¹æ¾ðÀÇ Á¤º¹¡ªº¸ÆíÀû ¾ð¾îÀÇ ½Â¸®.
| 10. The conquest
of dialects-the triumph of a universal language. | |
71:8.13 (807.9)
11. ÀüÀïÀÇ Á¾°á¡ª¿©·¯ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ´ë·ú ¹ýÁ¤ÀÌ ±¹°¡¿Í Á¾Á·ÀÇ ÀÇ°ß Â÷À̸¦ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÆÇ°áÇÏ´Â °Í. ´ë·ú ¹ýÁ¤¿¡¼ Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î
ÀºÅðÇÏ´Â ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¼±ÅõÈ, Ç༺ÀÇ ÃÖ°í ÀçÆǼҰ¡ ÀÌ ¹ýÁ¤À» ÁÖ°üÇÑ´Ù. ´ë·ú ¹ýÁ¤Àº ±ÇÇÑÀ» °¡Áö¸ç,
¼¼°è ¹ýÁ¤Àº ÀÚ¹®ÇÑ´Ù¡ªµµ´ö¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù.
| 11. The ending
of war-international adjudication of national and racial differences
by continental courts of nations presided over by a supreme planetary
tribunal automatically recruited from the periodically retiring
heads of the continental courts. The continental courts are authoritative;
the world court is advisory-moral. | |
71:8.14 (807.10)
12. ÁöÇýÀÇ Ãß±¸°¡ ¼¼°è¿¡ ³Î¸® À¯ÇàÇÏ´Â °Í¡ªÃ¶ÇÐÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁö´Â °Í. ¼¼°è Á¾±³ÀÇ ÁøÈ, ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ç༺ÀÌ ºû°ú »ý¸í ¼Ó¿¡
¾ÈÁ¤µÇ´Â Ãʱ⠱¹¸é¿¡ µé¾î°¨À» ¿¹½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
| 12. The world-wide
vogue of the pursuit of wisdom-the exaltation of philosophy. The
evolution of a world religion, which will presage the entrance of
the planet upon the earlier phases of settlement in light and life. | |
71:8.15 (807.11)
À̰͵éÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä Á¶°ÇÀÌ¿ä, ÀÌ»óÀû ±¹°¡ÀÇ Ç¥½ÃÀÌ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ´Â ÀÌ ³ôÀº ÀÌ»óÀ» ÀÌ·èÇϱ⿡ ¾ÆµæÈ÷ ¸Ö¾úÁö¸¸,
¹®¸íÈµÈ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀº ù °ÉÀ½À» ³»µðµð¾ú´Ù¡ªÀηù´Â ´õ ³ôÀÌ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ¿î¸íÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© ÇàÁøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
| These are
the prerequisites of progressive government and the earmarks of
ideal statehood. Urantia is far from the realization of these exalted
ideals, but the civilized races have made a beginning-mankind is
on the march toward higher evolutionary destinies. | |
71:8.16 (807.12)
[³×¹Ùµ·ÀÇ ÇÑ ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÌ ÈÄ¿øÇÏ¿´´Ù.]
| [Sponsored
by a Melchizedek of Nebadon.] |