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| Paper
68 The Dawn of Civilization | |
68:0.1 (763.1)
ÀÌ ±ÛÀº µ¿¹° Á¸À纸´Ù °ÅÀÇ ³´Áö ¾ÊÀº ÁöÀ§·ÎºÎÅÍ, Áß°£ÀÇ ¿©·¯ ½Ã´ë¸¦ °ÅÃÄ, ¾î¼³ÇÁ±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¹®¸íÀÌ ÀηùÀÇ
°íµî ¹ÎÁ·µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ÁøÈÇÑ Èı⠽ÃÀý¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö Àηù°¡ °ÅÄ£, ±æ°í ±ä ÀüÁøÇÏ´Â ÅõÀï¿¡ °üÇÑ À̾߱âÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀÌ´Ù.
| This is the
beginning of the narrative of the long, long forward struggle of
the human species from a status that was little better than an animal
existence, through the intervening ages, and down to the later times
when a real, though imperfect, civilization had evolved among the
higher races of mankind. | |
68:0.2 (763.2)
¹®¸íÀº Á¾Á·ÀÌ È¹µæÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ¿ä, »ý¹°ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Ÿ°í³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» ¸ðµÎ ¹®È°¡ Àִ ȯ°æ¿¡¼ ±æ·¯¾ß Çϸç,
ÇÑÆí À̾îÁö´Â °¢ ÀþÀº ¼¼´ë´Â ±× ±³À°À» »õ·Î ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¹®¸íÀÇ ¿ì¼öÇÑ¡ª°úÇФýöÇФýÁ¾±³Àû¡ªÇ°ÁúÀº ÇÑ ¼¼´ë°¡ ´Ù¸¥
¼¼´ë¿¡°Ô Á÷Á¢ ¹°·ÁÁÖ¾î Àü´ÞµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®ÈÀû ¼ºÃë´Â ¿À·ÎÁö »çȸÀû À¯»ê(ë¶ß§)À» Çö¸íÇÏ°Ô º¸È£ÇÔÀ¸·Î º¸Á¸µÈ´Ù.
| Civilization
is a racial acquirement; it is not biologically inherent; hence
must all children be reared in an environment of culture, while
each succeeding generation of youth must receive anew its education.
The superior qualities of civilization-scientific, philosophic,
and religious-are not transmitted from one generation to another
by direct inheritance. These cultural achievements are preserved
only by the enlightened conservation of social inheritance. | |
68:0.3 (763.3)
´Þ¶ó¸¶½Ã¾Æ ¼±»ýµéÀÌ Çùµ¿ üÁ¦ÀÇ »çȸÀû Áøȸ¦ °³½ÃÇÏ¿´°í, 30¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È Àηù´Â Áý´ÜÀ¸·Î È°µ¿ÇÏ´Â °ü³ä ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¾çÀ°µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ûÀÎÀº ´©±¸º¸´Ùµµ ¸¹ÀÌ, È«ÀÎÀº ¾î´À Á¤µµ, ÈæÀÎÀº °¡Àå Àû°Ô, ÀÌ ÃʱâÀÇ »çȸ ±³À°À¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±Ù·¡¿¡´Â
ȲÀÎÁ¾°ú ¹éÀÎÁ¾ÀÌ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áøº¸µÈ »çȸ ¹ßÀüÀ» º¸¿´´Ù.
| Social evolution
of the co-operative order was initiated by the Dalamatia teachers,
and for three hundred thousand years mankind was nurtured in the
idea of group activities. The blue man most of all profited by these
early social teachings, the red man to some extent, and the black
man least of all. In more recent times the yellow race and the white
race have presented the most advanced social development on Urantia. |
68:1.1 (763.4) °¡±îÀÌ ¸ð¿´À» ¶§ »ç¶÷Àº ÈçÈ÷ ¼·Î ÁÁ¾ÆÇϱ⸦
¹è¿ìÁö¸¸, ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº ÇüÁ¦´ä°Ô ´À³¢´Â Á¤½Å, ±×¸®°í µ¿·áµé°ú »çȸÀû Á¢ÃËÀ» °¡Áö·Á´Â ¿å±¸°¡ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ³ÑÃÄÈ帣Áö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÀÌ Ãʱâ Á¾Á·µéÀº ½½Ç üÇèÀ» °ÞÀ½À¸·Î ¡°¹¶Ä¡´Â °¡¿îµ¥ ÈûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¡±´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼
»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦ Á¤½ÅÀ» Áï½Ã ½ÇÇöÇÏ´Â µ¥ Áö±Ý ¹æÇØ°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î, ÇüÁ¦·Î¼ ¸Å·ÂÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| 1. Protective Socialization When brought closely together, men often learn to like one another, but primitive man was not naturally overflowing with the spirit of brotherly feeling and the desire for social contact with his fellows. Rather did the early races learn by sad experience that "in union there is strength"; and it is this lack of natural brotherly attraction that now stands in the way of immediate realization of the brotherhood of man on Urantia. | |
68:1.2 (763.5)
À¯´ë °ü°è´Â ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ, »ì¾Æ³²±â À§ÇØ Ä¡¸£´Â °ªÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. È¥ÀÚ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº, ±×°¡ ¾î¶² °ø°ÝÀ» ¹Þ´õ¶óµµ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ º¹¼öÇØ
ÁÙ ¾î¶² Áý´Ü¿¡ ±×°¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇÏ´Â ºÎÁ· Ç¥½Ã¸¦ Áö´ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ¹«·ÂÇß´Ù. Ä«ÀÎÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡µµ Áý´Ü °ü°è¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´Â
¾î¶² Ç¥½Ã°¡ ¾øÀÌ È¥ÀÚ¼ ¹Ù±ù¿¡ µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â °ÍÀº ¸ñ¼û¿¡ À§Å·οü´Ù. ¹®¸íÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ºñ¸í(ÞªÙ¤)¿¡ Á×Áö ¾Ê°Ô ÇÏ´Â º¸ÇèÀÌ
µÇ¾ú°í, ÇÑÆí »çȸÀÇ ¼ö¸¹Àº ¹ýÀû ¿ä±¸¿¡ ¼øÀÀÇÔÀ¸·Î ±× º¸Çè·á¸¦ ÁöºÒÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| Association
early became the price of survival. The lone man was helpless unless
he bore a tribal mark which testified that he belonged to a group
which would certainly avenge any assault made upon him. Even in
the days of Cain it was fatal to go abroad alone without some mark
of group association. Civilization has become man's insurance against
violent death, while the premiums are paid by submission to society's
numerous law demands. | |
68:1.3 (763.6)
¿ø½Ã »çȸ´Â ÀÌó·³ Çʿ並 ¼·Î ±³È¯ÇÏ°í, ±³Á¦ÇÔÀ¸·Î ´õ¿í ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô »ç´Â µ¥ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô °í¸³À» µÎ·Á¿öÇÑ
°á°ú·Î¼, ¶Ç ¸¶Áö¸øÇØ Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î, Àΰ£ »çȸ´Â ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀÇ Áֱ⸦ °ÅÃÄ ÁøÈÇØ ¿Ô´Ù.
| Primitive society
was thus founded on the reciprocity of necessity and on the enhanced
safety of association. And human society has evolved in agelong
cycles as a result of this isolation fear and by means of reluctant
co-operation. | |
68:1.4 (763.7)
¿ø½Ã Àΰ£Àº ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ Áý´ÜÀÌ ±× °³º° ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ ´Ü¼ø Çհ躸´Ù ÈξÀ Å©°í °·ÂÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù. »ç¶÷ 1¹é ¸íÀÌ ¹¶Ãļ
ÇÑ ¶æÀ¸·Î ÀÏÇϸé Å« µ¹À» ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Àß ÈÆ·ÃµÈ ÆòÈ ¼öÈ£ÀÚ ½º¹« ¸íÀº ¼º³ Æøµµ¸¦ Á¦ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼
´ÜÁö ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷°ú °ü·ÃÀ» °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿µ¸®ÇÏ°Ô Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â ÀÚµéÀ» Á¶Á÷ÇÑ °á°ú·Î¼ »çȸ°¡ ž´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
Çùµ¿Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î Ư¼ºÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. óÀ½¿¡´Â µÎ·Á¿òÀ» ÅëÇؼ, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ½Ã°£ ¼¼°èÀÇ ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ ´ëóÇÏ´Â
µ¥, ±×¸®°í ¿µ¿øÇÑ À§ÇèÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢µÇ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© ÁöÅ°´Â µ¥, Çùµ¿ÀÌ °¡Àå À¯ÀÍÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ »ç¶÷Àº Çùµ¿Çϱ⸦ ¹è¿î´Ù.
| Primitive human
beings early learned that groups are vastly greater and stronger
than the mere sum of their individual units. One hundred men united
and working in unison can move a great stone; a score of well-trained
guardians of the peace can restrain an angry mob. And so society
was born, not of mere association of numbers, but rather as a result
of the organization of intelligent co-operators. But co-operation
is not a natural trait of man; he learns to co-operate first through
fear and then later because he discovers it is most beneficial in
meeting the difficulties of time and guarding against the supposed
perils of eternity. | |
68:1.5 (764.1)
ÀÌó·³ ÀÚü¸¦ ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ¿ø½Ã(ê«ã·) »çȸ·Î Á¶Á÷ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀº Àڱ⠵¿·áµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹æ¾î »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÚ¿¬À» °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â µ¥
´õ ¼º°øÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ »ì¾Æ³²À» È®·üÀÌ ´õ ÄÇ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¹æÇØ ¿äÀÎÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´Âµ¥µµ, ¹®¸íÀº À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ²ÙÁØÈ÷
Áøº¸Çß´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀúÁú·¶¾îµµ Áö±Ý±îÁö Àΰ£ÀÇ ¹®¸íÀÌ Á¤ÁöµÇ°Å³ª Æı«µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº, ¿À·ÎÁö »ç¶÷°ú °ü°è¸¦
°¡ÁüÀ¸·Î »ì¾Æ³²´Â °¡Ä¡°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁö±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
| The peoples
who thus early organized themselves into a primitive society became
more successful in their attacks on nature as well as in defense
against their fellows; they possessed greater survival possibilities;
hence has civilization steadily progressed on Urantia, notwithstanding
its many setbacks. And it is only because of the enhancement of
survival value in association that man's many blunders have thus
far failed to stop or destroy human civilization. | |
68:1.6 (764.2)
¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ ¿øÁֹΰú ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ºÎ½Ã¸Ç ¹× ÇDZ׹̵éÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿ø½Ã »çȸ Á¶°ÇÀÌ ¿À´Ã³¯ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù´Â
»ç½ÇÀÌ Çö´ëÀÇ ¹®È »çȸ°¡ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ Çö»óÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» Àß º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ µÚ¶³¾îÁø ¹ÎÁ·µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼, ¾ó¸¶Å ÃʱâÀÇ
Áý´Ü Àû°³½É, °³ÀÎÀû Àǽɰú ºñ½ÁÇÑ °Í, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ¿ø½Ã Á¾Á·ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» Àß ³ªÅ¸³»´Â, »ó´çÈ÷ ¹Ý»çȸÀûÀÎ ´Ù¸¥ Ư¼ºÀÌ
°üÂûµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °í´ë¿¡ »ç±³¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´ø Á¾Á·µéÀÇ ÀÌ ºÒ½ÖÇÑ ÀÜÀç´Â, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î °³ÀÎÁÖÀÇ °æÇâÀÌ »çȸÀû Áøº¸¿¡¼
´õ È¿·Â ÀÖ°í °·ÂÇÑ Á¶Á÷ ¹× °áÇÕ°ú °æÀïÇؼ ¼º°øÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¿õº¯À¸·Î ¸»ÇØ ÁÖ´Â Áõ¾ðÀÌ´Ù. 60À̳ª 80ų·Î¹ÌÅ͸¶´Ù
´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¾ðÀ» ¾²´Â Á¾Á·, µÚ¶³¾îÁö°í ÀǽÉÀÌ ¸¹Àº ÀÌ ¹Ý»çȸÀû Á¾Á·µéÀº, Ç༺ ¿µÁÖÀÇ À¯Çü(êóû¡) Âü¸ðÁøÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§,
±×¸®°í ¾Æ¿ï·¯ ¾Æ´ã Áý´ÜÀÇ Á¾Á· °³·®ÀÚµéÀÌ ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ±â¿ïÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é, ³ÊÈñ°¡ Áö±Ý ¾î¶² ¼¼°è¿¡¼ »ì°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀΰ¡
º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
| That contemporary
cultural society is a rather recent phenomenon is well shown by
the present-day survival of such primitive social conditions as
characterize the Australian natives and the Bushmen and Pygmies
of Africa. Among these backward peoples may be observed something
of the early group hostility, personal suspicion, and other highly
antisocial traits which were so characteristic of all primitive
races. These miserable remnants of the nonsocial peoples of ancient
times bear eloquent testimony to the fact that the natural individualistic
tendency of man cannot successfully compete with the more potent
and powerful organizations and associations of social progression.
These backward and suspicious antisocial races that speak a different
dialect every forty or fifty miles illustrate what a world you might
now be living in but for the combined teaching of the corporeal
staff of the Planetary Prince and the later labors of the Adamic
group of racial uplifters. | |
68:1.7 (764.3)
¡°ÀÚ¿¬À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡¶ó¡±´Â Çö´ëÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀº ¹«ÁöÇÑ ¸Á»óÀÌ¿ä, ÇѶ§ Ç㱸¿´´ø ¡°È²±Ý ½Ã´ë¡±°¡ Çö½ÇÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Ȳ±Ý
½Ã´ëÀÇ Àü¼³¿¡ °üÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±Ù°Å´Â ´Þ¶ó¸¶½Ã¾Æ¿Í ¿¡µ§ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ °³·®µÈ »çȸµéÀº À¯ÅäÇÇ¾Æ °°Àº ²ÞÀÇ
½ÇÇö°ú °Å¸®°¡ ¸Ö¾ú´Ù.
| The modern
phrase, "back to nature," is a delusion of ignorance,
a belief in the reality of the onetime fictitious "golden age."
The only basis for the legend of the golden age is the historic
fact of Dalamatia and Eden. But these improved societies were far
from the realization of utopian dreams. |
68:2.1 (764.4) ¹®¸íÈµÈ »çȸ´Â È¥ÀÚ »ì±â ½ÈÀº °ÍÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÏ·Á°í »ç¶÷ÀÌ Ãʱ⿡ ³ë·ÂÇÑ °á°úÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼·Î »ç¶ûÇÔÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã ¶æÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¾î¶² ¿ø½Ã Áý´ÜµéÀÇ ½Ã²ô·¯¿î Çö»óÅ°¡ ÃʱâÀÇ ºÎÁ·µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» °Þ¾î ¿Ô´Â°¡ Àß ¼³¸íÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºñ·Ï ÇÑ ¹®¸íÀÇ °³ÀεéÀÌ ¼·Î ºÎµúÄ¡°í, ¼·Î ½Î¿î´Ù°í Çصµ, ±×¸®°í ¹®¸í ÀÚü°¡ ¾Ö¾²°í ÅõÀïÇÏ´Â ¸ð¼ø µ¢¾î¸®Ã³·³ º¸Àδٰí Çصµ, ¹®¸íÀº Áö°ã°Ô ´ÜÁ¶·Î¿î Á¤Ã¼µÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿½ÉÈ÷ ¾Ö¾´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÑ´Ù.
| 2. Factors in Social Progression Civilized society is the result of man's early efforts to overcome his dislike of isolation. But this does not necessarily signify mutual affection, and the present turbulent state of certain primitive groups well illustrates what the early tribes came up through. But though the individuals of a civilization may collide with each other and struggle against one another, and though civilization itself may appear to be an inconsistent mass of striving and struggling, it does evidence earnest striving, not the deadly monotony of stagnation. | |
68:2.2 (764.5)
Áö´ÉÀÇ ¼öÁØÀº ¹®È°¡ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¼Óµµ¿¡ »ó´çÈ÷ ±â¿©ÇÏÁö¸¸, »çȸ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î °³ÀÎÀÇ »ýÈ° ÇüÅ¿¡¼ À§Çè ¿äÀÎÀ» ÁÙÀ̵µ·Ï
¼³°èµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, »ýÈ° ¼Ó¿¡¼ °íÅëÀ» ÁÙÀÌ°í Äè¶ô ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ´ÃÀÌ´Â µ¥ ¼º°øÇÑ ¸¸Å, »¡¸® »çȸ°¡ Áøº¸ÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌó·³
»çȸ ´Üü Àüü°¡ ¿î¸íÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ÇâÇÏ¿©¡ª¸êÁ¾ÇÏµç »ì¾Æ³²µç¡ª±× ¸ñÇ¥°¡ ÀÚ¾Æ À¯ÁöÀΰ¡ ÀÚ¾Æ ¿å±¸ÀÇ ÃæÁ·Àΰ¡¿¡ µû¶ó¼,
õõÈ÷ ³ª¾Æ°£´Ù. ÀÚ¾Æ À¯Áö´Â »çȸ¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°¸ç, ÇÑÆí Áö³ªÄ£ ÀÚ¾Æ ¿å±¸ÀÇ ÃæÁ·Àº ¹®¸íÀ» Æı«ÇÑ´Ù.
| While the
level of intelligence has contributed considerably to the rate of
cultural progress, society is essentially designed to lessen the
risk element in the individual's mode of living, and it has progressed
just as fast as it has succeeded in lessening pain and increasing
the pleasure element in life. Thus does the whole social body push
on slowly toward the goal of destiny-extinction or survival-depending
on whether that goal is self-maintenance or self-gratification.
Self-maintenance originates society, while excessive self-gratification
destroys civilization. | |
68:2.3 (764.6)
»çȸ´Â ÀÚ¾ÆÀÇ ¿µ¼Ó(çµáÙ), ÀÚ¾Æ À¯Áö, ÀÚ¾Æ ¿å±¸ÀÇ ÃæÁ·¿¡[1] °ü½ÉÀ» °¡ÁöÁö¸¸, Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÚ¾Æ ½ÇÇöÀº ¸¹Àº ¹®È
Áý´ÜÀÌ Áï½Ã ÀÌ·ê ¸ñÇ¥°¡ µÉ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
°¢ÁÖ[1] ÀÚ¾Æ ¿µ¼ÓÀº ÀÚ½ÄÀ»
³º°í ±â¸£´Â °Í, ÀÚ¾Æ À¯Áö´Â ¸Ô°í »ç´Â °Í, ¿å±¸ ÃæÁ·Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ º»´ÉÀÇ ÃæÁ·, ÀÚ¾Æ ½ÇÇöÀº ÀλýÀÇ ²ÞÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â
°ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
| Society is
concerned with self-perpetuation, self-maintenance, and self-gratification,
but human self-realization is worthy of becoming the immediate goal
of many cultural groups. | |
68:2.4 (765.1)
ÀÚ¿¬ÀÎ(í»æÔìÑ)¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±ºÁý º»´ÉÀº À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ Áö±Ý Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº »çȸ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¼³¸íÇϱ⿡ µµÀúÈ÷
ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÀÌ Å¸°í³ ±º»ý(ÏØßæ) ¼ºÇâÀº Àΰ£ »çȸÀÇ ¹Ø¹Ù´Ú¿¡ ±ò·Á ÀÖÁö¸¸, »ç¶÷ÀÇ »ç±³ ¼ºÇâÀÇ »ó´ç ºÎºÐÀº
¾òÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£µéÀÌ Ãʱ⿡ ±³Á¦Çϵµ·Ï À̹ÙÁöÇÑ µÎ °¡Áö Å« ¿µÇâÀº ¹è°íÇÄ°ú ¼º¿å(àõé¯)À̾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ µÎ º»´ÉÀ»
µ¿¹° ¼¼°è¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Áø´Ù. Àΰ£µéÀ» Çѵ¥·Î ¸ô°í ºÙµé¾î µÐ ´Ù¸¥ µÎ °¡Áö °¨Á¤Àº Ç㿵°ú µÎ·Á¿ò, ƯÈ÷ ±Í½ÅÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇÑ
°ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
| The herd instinct
in natural man is hardly sufficient to account for the development
of such a social organization as now exists on Urantia. Though this
innate gregarious propensity lies at the bottom of human society,
much of man's sociability is an acquirement. Two great influences
which contributed to the early association of human beings were
food hunger and sex love; these instinctive urges man shares with
the animal world. Two other emotions which drove human beings together
and held them together were vanity and fear, more particularly ghost
fear. | |
68:2.5 (765.2)
¿ª»ç(ÕöÞÈ)´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù¿¡ °ÉÃÄ, ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ÅõÀïÇÑ ±â·ÏÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº ¹è°íÇà ¶§¿¡¾ß °Ü¿ì »ý°¢Çß´Ù.
½Ä·®À» ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ø½ÃÀο¡°Ô ù ±Ø±â(кÐù), ÀÚ¾ÆÀÇ ´Ü·ÃÀ̾ú´Ù. »çȸ°¡ ¼ºÀåÇÏÀÚ, ¹è°íÇÄÀº »óÈ£ ±³Á¦ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ
µ¿±â°¡ µÇÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¼ö¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¿å±¸, ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Çʿ並 ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ Àηù°¡ ´õ¿í °¡±îÀÌ ±³Á¦Çϵµ·Ï
À̲ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ »çȸ´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä¶ó°í »ý°¢µÇ´Â °ÍµéÀÌ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¼ºÀåÇÏ¿© ²À´ë±â°¡ ¹«°Ì´Ù. 20¼¼±âÀÇ ¼¾ç
¹®¸íÀº »çÄ¡ÀÇ ¾öû³ ºÎ´ã°ú Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿å±¸ ¹× ¿¸ÁÀÌ Å͹«´Ï¾øÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î, ÁöÃļ ²þ²þ°Å¸°´Ù. Çö´ë »çȸ´Â ³Î¸® ¼·Î
°ü°èµÇ°í »ó´çÈ÷ º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô ¼·Î ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â, °¡Àå À§ÇèÇÑ ÇÑ ´Ü°èÀÇ ±äÀåÀ» °ßµð°í ÀÖ´Ù.
| History is
but the record of man's agelong food struggle. Primitive man only
thought when he was hungry; food saving was his first self-denial,
self-discipline. With the growth of society, food hunger ceased
to be the only incentive for mutual association. Numerous other
sorts of hunger, the realization of various needs, all led to the
closer association of mankind. But today society is top-heavy with
the overgrowth of supposed human needs. Occidental civilization
of the twentieth century groans wearily under the tremendous overload
of luxury and the inordinate multiplication of human desires and
longings. Modern society is enduring the strain of one of its most
dangerous phases of far-flung interassociation and highly complicated
interdependence. | |
68:2.6 (765.3)
¹è°íÇÄ, Ç㿵, ±×¸®°í ±Í½Å °øÆ÷ÁõÀº °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© »çȸ¿¡ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ÁÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ¼º¿åÀÇ ¸¸Á·Àº ÀϽÃÀûÀÌ°í µ¹¹ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
¼º¿å¸¸À¸·Î ¿ø½ÃÀÎ ³²³à°¡ °¡Á¤À» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ¹«°Å¿î ÁüÀ» Áöµµ·Ï °¿äµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÃʱâÀÇ °¡Á¤Àº, ÀÚÁÖ ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°Áö ¾ÊÀ»
¶§ ³²ÀÚ°¡ ´À³¢´Â ¼º¿åÀÇ ºÒ¸¸, ±×¸®°í ¿©ÀÚÀÇ Çå½ÅÇÏ´Â ¸ð¼º¾Ö¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¿©ÀÚ´Â ¾ó¸¶Å ÀÌ ¸ð¼º¾Ö¸¦ ¸ðµç
°íµî µ¿¹°ÀÇ ¾ÏÄÆ°ú ÇÔ²² °¡Áø´Ù. ¹«·ÂÇÑ ¾Æ±âÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â ³²ÀÚ¿Í ¿©ÀÚÀÇ È°µ¿ÀÌ Ãʱ⿡ ±¸º°µÇ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿©ÀÚ´Â ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ
°ÅÁÖ¸¦ À¯ÁöÇØ¾ß Çß°í, °Å±â¼ ¿©ÀÚ´Â ¶¥À» °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁÖ À̸¥ ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ, ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Â °÷À» ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÁýÀ¸·Î
¿©°å´Ù.
| Hunger, vanity,
and ghost fear were continuous in their social pressure, but sex
gratification was transient and spasmodic. The sex urge alone did
not impel primitive men and women to assume the heavy burdens of
home maintenance. The early home was founded upon the sex restlessness
of the male when deprived of frequent gratification and upon that
devoted mother love of the human female, which in measure she shares
with the females of all the higher animals. The presence of a helpless
baby determined the early differentiation of male and female activities;
the woman had to maintain a settled residence where she could cultivate
the soil. And from earliest times, where woman was has always been
regarded as the home. | |
68:2.7 (765.4)
°ð »ç¶óÁö´Â ¼º¿åÀÇ ¿Á¤ ¶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °á°ú·Î¼, ÀÌó·³ ¿©ÀÚ´Â ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ¹ß´ÞÇÏ´Â »çȸ °èȹ¿¡ ºüÁú
¼ö ¾ø´Â Á¸Àç¿´´Ù. ¿©ÀÚ´Â ÀÚ¾ÆÀÇ À¯Áö¿¡ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Çùµ¿ÀÚ¿´´Ù. ¿©ÀÚ´Â ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ¿ä, Áü ½Æ´Â µ¿¹°ÀÌ¿ä,
»ç³³°Ô ºÐ°³ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Å« Ȥ»ç(ûåÞÅ)¸¦ °ßµð°ï ÇÏ´Â µ¿¹ÝÀÚ¿´°í, ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ Æ¯¼º À§¿¡, ¿©ÀÚ´Â ¼º¿åÀ» ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°´Â
¼ö´Ü, Ç×»ó ¿·¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ̾ú´Ù.
| Woman thus
early became indispensable to the evolving social scheme, not so
much because of the fleeting sex passion as in consequence of food
requirement; she was an essential partner in self-maintenance. She
was a food provider, a beast of burden, and a companion who would
stand great abuse without violent resentment, and in addition to
all of these desirable traits, she was an ever-present means of
sex gratification. | |
68:2.8 (765.5)
¹®¸í ¼Ó¿¡¼ Áö¼ÓÇÏ´Â °¡Ä¡¸¦ °¡Áø °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ °¡Á·¿¡¼ »Ñ¸®¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. °¡Á·Àº óÀ½À¸·Î ¼º°øÇÑ ÆòÈ Áý´ÜÀ̾ú°í,
³²ÀÚ¿Í ¿©ÀÚ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ´ë¸³ °ü°è¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô Á¶ÀýÇϴ°¡ ¹è¿ì¸é¼, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô ÆòÈÀÇ Ãß±¸¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù.
| Almost everything
of lasting value in civilization has its roots in the family. The
family was the first successful peace group, the man and woman learning
how to adjust their antagonisms while at the same time teaching
the pursuits of peace to their children. | |
68:2.9 (765.6)
ÁøÈ¿¡¼ °áÈ¥ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀº ´ÜÁö °³ÀÎ ÇູÀÇ ½ÇÇöÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Á¾Á·À» »ì¾Æ³²°Ô ÇÏ´Â º¸ÇèÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÚ¾ÆÀÇ À¯Áö¿Í ÀÚ¾ÆÀÇ ¿µ¼ÓÀº
°¡Á¤ÀÇ ÁøÂ¥ ¸ñÇ¥¿´´Ù. ÀÚ¾ÆÀÇ ¿å±¸ ÃæÁ·Àº ¾î¼´Ù ÀϾ¸ç, ¼ºÀû °áÇÕÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ¹Ì³¢ÀÎ °ÍÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö´Â
¾Ê´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬Àº »ì¾Æ³²±â¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹®¸íÀÇ ¿¹¼úÀº °áÈ¥ÀÇ ±â»Ý°ú °¡Á¤ »ýÈ°ÀÇ ¸¸Á·°¨À» °è¼Ó ´ÃÀδÙ.
| The function
of marriage in evolution is the insurance of race survival, not
merely the realization of personal happiness; self-maintenance and
self-perpetuation are the real objects of the home. Self-gratification
is incidental and not essential except as an incentive insuring
sex association. Nature demands survival, but the arts of civilization
continue to increase the pleasures of marriage and the satisfactions
of family life. | |
68:2.10 (765.7)
Ç㿵ÀÌ È®´ëµÇ¾î ÀÚ¸¸¤ýÆ÷ºÎ¤ý¸í¿¹±îÁö Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼ºÇâÀÌ Àΰ£ °ü°èÀÇ Çü¼º¿¡ À̹ÙÁöÇϴ°¡ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¶ÇÇÑ
À̰͵éÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¶÷À» ´Ü°áÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â°¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ Çì¾Æ¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¼¼ »Ë³» º¸ÀÏ Ã»ÁßÀÌ ¾øÀÌ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ
¿©·¯ °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¾µµ¥¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Ç㿵Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³»º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¸¸Á·ÇÒ »çȸÀû ¹«´ë¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ °¨Á¤ ¹× Ã浿°ú
¸ÓÁö ¾Ê¾Æ °áÇյǾú´Ù. ÀÌ Áý´ÜÀÇ °¨Á¤µéÀº ¸ðµç ¿¹¼ú¤ýÀǽÄ(ëðãÒ), ±×¸®°í ¿Â°® ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¿îµ¿ °æ±â ¹× °æÀïÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô
ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| If vanity be
enlarged to cover pride, ambition, and honor, then we may discern
not only how these propensities contribute to the formation of human
associations, but how they also hold men together, since such emotions
are futile without an audience to parade before. Soon vanity associated
with itself other emotions and impulses which required a social
arena wherein they might exhibit and gratify themselves. This group
of emotions gave origin to the early beginnings of all art, ceremonial,
and all forms of sportive games and contests. | |
68:2.11 (766.1)
Ç㿵½ÉÀº »çȸÀÇ Åº»ý¿¡ Å©°Ô À̹ÙÁöÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ °è½Ã°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, Ç㿵½É ¸¹Àº ¼¼´ëÀÇ ºø³ª°£ ³ë·ÂÀº »ó´çÈ÷ ƯȵÈ
¹®¸íÀÇ º¹ÀâÇØÁø ±¸Á¶ Àüü¸¦ ´Ë¿¡ ó¹Ú°í °¡¶ó¾ÉÈ÷·Á°í À§ÇùÇÑ´Ù. Äè¶ôÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á´Â ¿å±¸´Â ¹è°íÇÄÀ» ä¿ì·Á´Â ¿å±¸¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÑ
Áö ¿À·¡´Ù. ¸Ô°í »ì±â À§ÇÑ Á¤´çÇÑ »çȸÀû ¸ñÇ¥´Â Àú¿ÇÏ°í À§ÇùÇÏ´Â ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀÚ¾Æ ¿å±¸ÀÇ ÃæÁ·À¸·Î À绡¸® º¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¸Ô°í »ì±â À§ÇÑ È°µ¿Àº »çȸ¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÚÁ¦ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÚ¾Æ ¿å±¸ÀÇ ÃæÁ·Àº ¾î±è¾øÀÌ ¹®¸íÀ» Æı«ÇÑ´Ù.
| Vanity contributed
mightily to the birth of society; but at the time of these revelations
the devious strivings of a vainglorious generation threaten to swamp
and submerge the whole complicated structure of a highly specialized
civilization. Pleasure-want has long since superseded hunger-want;
the legitimate social aims of self-maintenance are rapidly translating
themselves into base and threatening forms of self-gratification.
Self-maintenance builds society; unbridled self-gratification unfailingly
destroys civilization. |
68:3.1 (766.2) ¿ø½ÃÀû ¿å±¸´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ »çȸ¸¦ ³º¾ÒÁö¸¸, ±Í½ÅÀ» ¹«¼¿öÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±× »çȸ¸¦ ´Ü°á½ÃÅ°°í »çȸÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ Àΰ£ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. º¸ÅëÀÇ µÎ·Á¿òÀº »ý¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î »ý±ä´Ù: ½Åü°¡ °íÅë¹Þ´Â µÎ·Á¿ò, ¹è°íÇÄÀ» °ßµð´Â °Í, ¶Ç´Â ¶¥¿¡¼ »ý±â´Â ¾î¶² Àç³ÀÌ ±×·¸´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±Í½Å °øÆ÷ÁõÀº »õ·Ó°í °í»óÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹«¼¿òÀÌ´Ù. | 3. Socializing Influence of Ghost Fear Primitive desires produced the original society, but ghost fear held it together and imparted an extrahuman aspect to its existence. Common fear was physiological in origin: fear of physical pain, unsatisfied hunger, or some earthly calamity; but ghost fear was a new and sublime sort of terror. | |
68:3.2 (766.3)
Àΰ£ »çȸÀÇ ÁøÈ¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å« ´ÜÀÏ ¿äÀÎÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±Í½Å ²ÞÀ̾ú´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ²ÞÀÌ ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ Å©°Ô ¾îÁö·´°Ô ÇßÁö¸¸,
±Í½Å ²ÞÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÃʱâÀÇ Àΰ£À» °øÆ÷¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÈ÷°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú°í, ¹Ì½ÅÀ» ¹Ï´Â ÀÌ ²Þ²Ù´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¿µ(çÏ) ¼¼°èÀÇ ¾î·ÅDzÇÏ°í
º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â, »ó»ó(ßÌßÀ)ÇÏ´Â À§Çè¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© ¼·Î¸¦ º¸È£Çϱâ À§Çؼ, ±â²¨ÀÌ ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô °áÇÕÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥ ¼·Î ºÎµÕÄѾȵµ·Ï
¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±Í½Å ²ÞÀº µ¿¹°°ú Àΰ£ Á¾·ùÀÇ Áö¼º »çÀÌ¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÀÏÂï ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö Â÷ÀÌÁ¡À̾ú´Ù. µ¿¹°Àº Á×Àº µÚ¿¡
»ì¾Æ³²´Â °ÍÀ» ±×·Áº¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
| Probably the
greatest single factor in the evolution of human society was the
ghost dream. Although most dreams greatly perturbed the primitive
mind, the ghost dream actually terrorized early men, driving these
superstitious dreamers into each other's arms in willing and earnest
association for mutual protection against the vague and unseen imaginary
dangers of the spirit world. The ghost dream was one of the earliest
appearing differences between the animal and human types of mind.
Animals do not visualize survival after death. | |
68:3.3 (766.4)
ÀÌ ±Í½Å ¿äÀÎÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, ¸ðµç »çȸ´Â ±Ùº»Àû ÇÊ¿ä¿Í »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ±âº» ¿å±¸¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±Í½Å °øÆ÷ÁõÀº ¹®¸í¿¡
»õ·Î¿î ¿äÀÎÀ» µµÀÔÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ ¹«¼¿òÀº »¸¾î¼ °³ÀÎÀÇ ±âº»Àû Çʿ並 ¸Ö¸® ¹þ¾î³ª°í, Áý´ÜÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ½Î¿òÁ¶Â÷µµ ÈξÀ
¶Ù¾î³Ñ¾ú´Ù. Á×Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¶°³ª°£ ¿µÀ» ¹«¼¿öÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »õ·Ó°í ³î¶ó¿î ÇüÅÂÀÇ µÎ·Á¿òÀ» µå·¯³Â°í, ¼Ò¸§³¢Ä¡°Ô ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ
°·ÂÇÑ °øÆ÷´Â Ãʱ⠽ôëÀÇ Çã¼úÇÑ »çȸ Áú¼¸¦ äÂïÁúÇÏ¿©, °í´ë¿¡ öÀúÇÏ°Ô ÈƷõǰí Àß ÅëÁ¦µÈ ¿ø½Ã Áý´ÜÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â
µ¥ ±â¿©Çß´Ù. ÀÇ¹Ì ¾ø´Â ÀÌ ¹Ì½Å °¡¿îµ¥ ´õ·¯´Â ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁöµµ ³»·Á¿À¸ç, Çö½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¹Ì½ÅÀ¸·Î µÎ·Á¿öÇÔÀ»
ÅëÇؼ, ¡°ÁöÇýÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀÌ µÇ´Â, ÁÖ¸¦ µÎ·Á¿öÇÔ¡±À» ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹ß°ßÇϵµ·Ï »ç¶÷ÀÇ Áö¼ºÀ» Áغñ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ÁøÈ·Î »ý±ä ±Ù°Å ¾ø´Â
µÎ·Á¿òÀº °è½Ã·Î ¿µ°¨À» ¹ÞÀº, ½ÅÀ» °æ¿ÜÇÏ´Â ´À³¦À¸·Î ¹Ù²îµµ·Ï °í¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±Í½ÅÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ´Â ÃʱâÀÇ Á¦»ç´Â °·ÂÇÑ
»çȸÀû À¯´ë°¡ µÇ¾ú°í, ±× ¾ÆµæÇÑ ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ·Î ´Ã, Àηù´Â ´ëü·Î ¿µÀû ¼ºÇâÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ¾Ö½á ¿Ô´Ù.
| Except for
this ghost factor, all society was founded on fundamental needs
and basic biologic urges. But ghost fear introduced a new factor
in civilization, a fear which reaches out and away from the elemental
needs of the individual, and which rises far above even the struggles
to maintain the group. The dread of the departed spirits of the
dead brought to light a new and amazing form of fear, an appalling
and powerful terror, which contributed to whipping the loose social
orders of early ages into the more thoroughly disciplined and better
controlled primitive groups of ancient times. This senseless superstition,
some of which still persists, prepared the minds of men, through
superstitious fear of the unreal and the supernatural, for the later
discovery of "the fear of the Lord which is the beginning of
wisdom." The baseless fears of evolution are designed to be
supplanted by the awe for Deity inspired by revelation. The early
cult of ghost fear became a powerful social bond, and ever since
that far-distant day mankind has been striving more or less for
the attainment of spirituality. | |
68:3.4 (766.5)
¹è°íÇÄ°ú »ç¶ûÀº »ç¶÷À» Çѵ¥·Î ¸ô¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, Ç㿵½É°ú ±Í½Å °øÆ÷ÁõÀº »ç¶÷À» ´Ü°á½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Æòȸ¦ Á¶ÀåÇÏ´Â °è½ÃÀÇ
¿µÇâ ¾øÀÌ, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¨Á¤¸¸À¸·Î Àΰ£ÀÇ »óÈ£ °ü°è¿¡¼ ÀǽÉÇÏ°í Â¥Áõ³»´Â ±äÀåÀ» °ßµô ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÃÊÀΰ£ ±Ù¿øÀÇ µµ¿òÀ»
¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, »çȸÀÇ ±äÀåÀº ¾î¶² ÇÑ°è¿¡ À̸£°í ³ª¼ Æø¹ßÇϸç, »çȸ¸¦ µ¿¿øÇÏ´Â ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¿µÇ⡪¹è°íÇĤý»ç¶û¤ýÇ㿵¤ýµÎ·Á¿ò¡ªÀº
Àηù¸¦ ÀüÀï°ú »ìÀ°À¸·Î µ¹ÀÔÇϵµ·Ï Çù·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
| Hunger and
love drove men together; vanity and ghost fear held them together.
But these emotions alone, without the influence of peace-promoting
revelations, are unable to endure the strain of the suspicions and
irritations of human interassociations. Without help from superhuman
sources the strain of society breaks down upon reaching certain
limits, and these very influences of social mobilization-hunger,
love, vanity, and fear-conspire to plunge mankind into war and bloodshed.
| |
68:3.5 (766.6)
ÀηùÀÇ ÆòÈ ¼ºÇâÀº ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ÀÚÁúÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº °è½ÃµÈ Á¾±³ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â Á¾Á·µéÀÇ ½×ÀΠüÇèÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ,
±×·¯³ª ƯÈ÷ ÆòÈÀÇ ¿Õ, ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù.
| The peace tendency
of the human race is not a natural endowment; it is derived from
the teachings of revealed religion, from the accumulated experience
of the progressive races, but more especially from the teachings
of Jesus, the Prince of Peace. |
68:4.1 (767.1) Çö´ëÀÇ ¸ðµç »çȸ Á¦µµ´Â ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¾ß¸¸ÀÎ Á¶»óÀÌ °¡Á³´ø ¿ø½Ã °ü½ÀÀÇ ÁøȷκÎÅÍ »ý°Ü³´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ °ü½ÀÀº Áö³³¯ÀÇ °ü½ÀÀÌ °íÃÄÁö°í È®´ëµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹ö¸©°ú °³ÀÎÀÇ °ü°è´Â, °ü½À°ú Áý´ÜÀÇ °ü°è¿Í °°´Ù. Áý´ÜÀÇ °ü½ÀÀº ¹Î¼Ó(ÚÅáÔ)À̳ª ºÎÁ·ÀÇ ÀüÅ롪±ºÁßÀÇ °ü½À¡ªÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÑ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ Àΰ£ »çȸÀÇ ¸ðµç »çȸ Á¦µµ°¡ ÀÌ ÃʱâÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ¿¡ ±× ÃʶóÇÑ ±â¿øÀ» °¡Áø´Ù.
| 4. Evolution of the Mores All modern social institutions arise from the evolution of the primitive customs of your savage ancestors; the conventions of today are the modified and expanded customs of yesterday. What habit is to the individual, custom is to the group; and group customs develop into folkways or tribal traditions-mass conventions. From these early beginnings all of the institutions of present-day human society take their humble origin. | |
68:4.2 (767.2)
µµ´ö °ü½ÀÀº Áý´ÜÀÇ »ýÈ°À» ´ëÁßÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â Á¶°Ç¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·Â¿¡¼ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µµ´ö °ü½ÀÀº
»ç¶÷ÀÇ Ã³À½ »çȸ Á¦µµ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀº ¸ðµÎ, °íÅë°ú Ä¡¿åÀ» ÇÇÇÏ°í, µ¿½Ã¿¡ Äè¶ô°ú ±Ç·ÂÀ» ´©¸®·Á°í
¾Ö¾²´Â ³ë·ÂÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý°å´Ù. ¹Î¼ÓÀÇ ±â¿øÀº, ¾ð¾îÀÇ ±â¿ø°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀǽÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀǵµÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ̸ç,
µû¶ó¼ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ½Åºñ ¼Ó¿¡ °¡·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| It must be
borne in mind that the mores originated in an effort to adjust group
living to the conditions of mass existence; the mores were man's
first social institution. And all of these tribal reactions grew
out of the effort to avoid pain and humiliation while at the same
time seeking to enjoy pleasure and power. The origin of folkways,
like the origin of languages, is always unconscious and unintentional
and therefore always shrouded in mystery. | |
68:4.3 (767.3)
±Í½Å °øÆ÷ÁõÀº ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» »ó»óÇϵµ·Ï ¸ô¾Ò°í, µû¶ó¼ À±¸®¿Í Á¾±³°¡ °·ÂÇÑ »çȸÀû ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥
±âÃʸ¦ ¸¶·ÃÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ´ÙÀ½¿¡ À±¸®¿Í Á¾±³´Â ´ë´ë·Î »çȸÀÇ µµ´ö°ü°ú °ü½ÀÀ» ´ÙÄ¡Áö ¾Ê°í º¸Á¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. µµ´ö °ü½ÀÀ» ÀÏÂï
È®¸³ÇÏ°í ±¸Ã¼ÈÇÑ ÇÑ °¡Áö´Â, Á×Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼¼»óÀ» »ì´Ù°¡ Á×¾úµç ±× ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ¸÷½Ã ¸¶À½À» ¾²¸ç, ±×·¡¼ ±×µéÀÌ
À°Ã¼¸¦ ÀÔ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ Á¸ÁßÇß´ø »ýÈ° ±ÔÄ¢À» °¨È÷ °¡º±°Ô ¸ê½ÃÇÏ´Â »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ÇÊ»çÀÚ¿¡°Ô ²ûÂïÇÑ ¹úÀ» ÆÛºÎÀ¸¸®¶ó´Â ¹ÏÀ½À̾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ ȲÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ Á¶»ó Á¸Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå Àß ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ °³¹ßµÇ´Â ¿ø½Ã Á¾±³´Â µµ´ö °ü½ÀÀ» ¾ÈÁ¤½ÃÅ°¸é¼
±Í½Å °øÆ÷ÁõÀ» Å©°Ô °ÈÇßÁö¸¸, Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¹®¸íÀº °¥¼ö·Ï ´õ Àηù¸¦ µÎ·Á¿òÀÇ »ç½½°ú ¹Ì½Å¿¡ ³ë¿¹°¡ µÈ »óÅ¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ª°Ô
¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
| Ghost fear
drove primitive man to envision the supernatural and thus securely
laid the foundations for those powerful social influences of ethics
and religion which in turn preserved inviolate the mores and customs
of society from generation to generation. The one thing which early
established and crystallized the mores was the belief that the dead
were jealous of the ways by which they had lived and died; therefore
would they visit dire punishment upon those living mortals who dared
to treat with careless disdain the rules of living which they had
honored when in the flesh. All this is best illustrated by the present
reverence of the yellow race for their ancestors. Later developing
primitive religion greatly reinforced ghost fear in stabilizing
the mores, but advancing civilization has increasingly liberated
mankind from the bondage of fear and the slavery of superstition.
| |
68:4.4 (767.4)
´Þ¶ó¸¶½Ã¾Æ ¼±»ýµéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§, »ç¶÷À» ÇعæÇÏ°í ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¸¸µå´Â °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Þ±â Àü¿¡, °ü½ÀÀÌ µÈ ÀǽÄ(ëðãÒ)Àº ¿¾³¯ »ç¶÷À»
¹«·ÂÇÑ Èñ»ýÀÚ·Î ºÙµé¾î µÎ¾ú´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀÇ ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ¿¹½Ä¿¡ µÑ·¯½Î¿´´Ù. ¾Æħ¿¡ ±ú¾î³¯ ¶§ºÎÅÍ ¹ã¿¡ µ¿±¼¿¡¼ Àá¿¡
°ô¾Æ¶³¾îÁú ¶§±îÁö ±×°¡ ÇàÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̳ª ²À ¾î¶»°Ô¡ª±× ºÎÁ·ÀÇ Ç³½À¿¡ µû¶ó¼¡ªÇØ¾ß µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº dz½ÀÀ̶ó´Â ÇÐÁ¤¿¡
³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ¾ú°í, ±×ÀÇ »ýÈ°Àº ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Å³ª, ÁïÈïÀ̰ųª, µ¶Ã¢¼º ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ Çϳªµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ´õ ³ôÀº Á¤½ÅÀû Á¸À糪, µµ´öÀû
Á¸À糪, »çȸÀû Á¸À縦 ÇâÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¹«·± ÀÚ¿¬½º·± Áøº¸°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
| Prior to the
liberating and liberalizing instruction of the Dalamatia teachers,
ancient man was held a helpless victim of the ritual of the mores;
the primitive savage was hedged about by an endless ceremonial.
Everything he did from the time of awakening in the morning to the
moment he fell asleep in his cave at night had to be done just so¡ªin
accordance with the folkways of the tribe. He was a slave to the
tyranny of usage; his life contained nothing free, spontaneous,
or original. There was no natural progress toward a higher mental,
moral, or social existence. | |
68:4.5 (767.5)
ÃʱâÀÇ Àΰ£Àº °ü½À¿¡ ²Ë ºÙµé·Á ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀº °ü½À¿¡ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »õ·Î¿î »ç°í ¹æ½Ä°ú °³·®µÈ
»ýÈ° ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¨È÷ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ºÎ·ù·ÎºÎÅÍ º¯È°¡ ¶§¶§·Î ÀϾ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥µµ ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀÇ Å¸¼º(öçàõ)Àº ³Ê¹« »¡¸® Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¹®¸í¿¡
À߸ø ÀûÀÀÇÏ´Â ÆĸêÀÇ ±æ·Î ³Ê¹« °©Àڱ⠱¼·¯¶³¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·´Â »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ¾ÈÀü ÀåÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù.
| Early man
was mightily gripped by custom; the savage was a veritable slave
to usage; but there have arisen ever and anon those variations from
type who have dared to inaugurate new ways of thinking and improved
methods of living. Nevertheless, the inertia of primitive man constitutes
the biologic safety brake against precipitation too suddenly into
the ruinous maladjustment of a too rapidly advancing civilization.
| |
68:4.6 (767.6)
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ü½ÀÀº ¼øÀüÇÑ ¾ÇÀº ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, °ü½ÀÀÇ ÁøÈ´Â °è¼ÓµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±ÞÁøÀû Çõ¸íÀ¸·Î °ü½ÀÀ» ´ë±Ô¸ð·Î ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ´Â
ÀÏ¿¡ ¼Õ´ë´Â °ÍÀº ¹®¸íÀÇ Áö¼Ó¿¡ °ÅÀÇ Ä¡¸íÀûÀÌ´Ù. °ü½ÀÀº ¹®¸íÀ» ºÙµé¾î ³õÀº, ¿¬¼Ó½ÃÅ°´Â ²öÀ̾ú´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿ª»ç°¡
Áö³ª°£ ±æÀº ¹ö¸° °ü½À°ú ½Ã´ë¿¡ µÚÁø »çȸ °ü½ÀÀÇ Â±â·Î ³Î·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´õ ³´°í ´õ Àû´çÇÑ °ü½ÀÀ» äÅÃÇÑ °ÍÀ»
Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, ÀÚüÀÇ µµ´ö°üÀ» ¹ö¸° ¹®¸íÀº Çϳªµµ ÁöÅÊÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
| But these customs
are not an unmitigated evil; their evolution should continue. It
is nearly fatal to the continuance of civilization to undertake
their wholesale modification by radical revolution. Custom has been
the thread of continuity which has held civilization together. The
path of human history is strewn with the remnants of discarded customs
and obsolete social practices; but no civilization has endured which
abandoned its mores except for the adoption of better and more fit
customs. | |
68:4.7 (767.7) ÇÑ »çȸ°¡ »ì¾Æ³²´Â
°ÍÀº ÁÖ·Î ±× µµ´ö°üÀÇ Á¡ÁøÀû ¹ß´Þ¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. °ü½ÀÀÇ ÁøÈ °úÁ¤Àº ½ÇÇèÇØ º¸°í ½ÍÀº ¿å¸Á¿¡¼ »ý°Ü³´Ù. »õ·Î¿î
»ý°¢ÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù¡ª°æÀïÀÌ µû¸¥´Ù. Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¹®¸íÀº ÁøÃëÀûÀÎ »ý°¢À» Ç°¿¡ ¾È°í ¿À·¡ °ßµò´Ù. ½Ã°£°ú ȯ°æÀº ¸¶Ä§³» »ì¾Æ³²´Â
µ¥ ´õ Àû´çÇÑ Áý´ÜÀ» °í¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº Àΰ£ »çȸÀÇ ±¸¼º¿¡¼ »ý±ä º¯È¸¦ µû·Î °í¸³½ÃÄÑ º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§, °¢ º¯È°¡
´õ ³ª¾ÆÁ³À½À» ÀǹÌÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾Æ´Ï, Á¤¸»·Î ¾Æ´Ï´Ù! ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ ¹®¸íÀÌ ÀüÁøÇÏ´Â ±ä ÅõÀï¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¿©·¯ ¹ø
ÈÄÅð°¡ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
| The survival
of a society depends chiefly on the progressive evolution of its
mores. The process of custom evolution grows out of the desire for
experimentation; new ideas are put forward-competition ensues. A
progressing civilization embraces the progressive idea and endures;
time and circumstance finally select the fitter group for survival.
But this does not mean that each separate and isolated change in
the composition of human society has been for the better. No! indeed
no! for there have been many, many retrogressions in the long forward
struggle of Urantia civilization. |
68:5.1 (768.1) ÅäÁö´Â »çȸÀÇ ¹«´ë¿ä, »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹è¿ìÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ÅäÁöÀÇ »óȲ¿¡ ¼øÀÀÇϵµ·Ï ±×ÀÇ ¿¬±â¸¦ ´Ã Á¶ÀýÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µµ´ö °ü½ÀÀÇ ÁøÈ´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª Àα¸ ¹Ðµµ¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Çì¾Æ¸®±â Èûµé¾îµµ Âü¸»ÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÅäÁö ÀÌ¿ë ±â¼ú, °ð À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú¿¡ »ýÈ° ¼öÁØÀ» ´õÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹Î¼Ó(ÚÅáÔ)ÀÇ ÃÑÇÕ, °ð µµ´ö °ü½ÀÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ýÈ°ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀûÀÀÇÑ °ÍÀÇ ÃÑÇÕÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹®ÈÀû ¹®¸íÀÌ´Ù.
| 5. Land Techniques¡ªMaintenance Arts Land is the stage of society; men are the actors. And man must ever adjust his performances to conform to the land situation. The evolution of the mores is always dependent on the land-man ratio. This is true notwithstanding the difficulty of its discernment. Man's land technique, or maintenance arts, plus his standards of living, equal the sum total of the folkways, the mores. And the sum of man's adjustment to the life demands equals his cultural civilization. | |
68:5.2 (768.2)
°¡Àå ÀÏÂï ÀÖ¾ú´ø Àΰ£ÀÇ ¹®È´Â µ¿¹Ý±¸ÀÇ °µéÀ» µû¶ó¼ »ý°Ü³µ°í, °Å±â¼ ÀüÁøÇÏ´Â ¹®¸íÀÇ ÇàÁø¿¡ ³× °¡Áö Å« ´Ü°è°¡
ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
| The earliest
human cultures arose along the rivers of the Eastern Hemisphere,
and there were four great steps in the forward march of civilization.
They were: | |
68:5.3 (768.3)
1. ¼öÁý ´Ü°è. ¸Ô¾î¾ß µÇ´Â °Í, ¹è°íÇÄÀº »ê¾÷ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ Ã¹ ÇüÅÂ, ¿ø½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ÔÀÌ ¼öÁýÇÏ´Â ÁÙÀ» ¼°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸ÔÀ»
°ÍÀ» ÁýÀ¸¸é¼ ¶¥À» Áö³ª°¡´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ±¾ÁÖ¸° »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇàÁøÇÏ´Â ÁÙÀº ¶§¶§·Î 16ų·Î¹ÌÅͳª µÇ°ï Çß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ø½Ã À¯¸ñ¹Î
´Ü°èÀÇ ¹®È¿´°í, Áö±Ý ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ºÎ½Ã¸ÇÀÌ ÀÌ »ýÈ° ÇüŸ¦ µû¸¥´Ù.
| 1. The collection
stage. Food coercion, hunger, led to the first form of industrial
organization, the primitive food-gathering lines. Sometimes such
a line of hunger march would be ten miles long as it passed over
the land gleaning food. This was the primitive nomadic stage of
culture and is the mode of life now followed by the African Bushmen.
| |
68:5.4 (768.4)
2. »ç³É ´Ü°è. ¹«±â(ÙëÐï)ÀÎ ¿¬ÀåÀÇ ¹ß¸íÀº »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý »ç³É²ÛÀÌ µÇ°í, µû¶ó¼ ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ³ë¿¹Ã³·³
ÀÏÇÏ´Â »ýÈ°·ÎºÎÅÍ »ó´çÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾ò°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. Áß´ëÇÑ ÀüÅõ¿¡¼ ÁÖ¸ÔÀ» ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ´ÙÄ£, »ý°¢ ±íÀº ¾î´À ¾Èµ· »ç¶÷ÀÌ
ÆÈ ´ë½Å¿¡ ±â´Ù¶õ ¸·´ë±â¸¦, ±×¸®°í ÁÖ¸Ô ´ë½Å¿¡, ÈûÁÙ·Î ³¡¿¡ ´Ü´ÜÇÑ ºÎ½Ëµ¹ Á¶°¢À» ¹¾î¼ ¾²´Â °ü³äÀ» ´Ù½Ã ã¾Æ³Â´Ù.
¸¹Àº ºÎÁ·ÀÌ ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ »ý°¢À» µû·Î Çس°í, ÀÌ ¿©·¯ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¸ÁÄ¡´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ¹®¸í¿¡¼ Å©°Ô ÀüÁøÇÏ´Â ÇÑ °ÉÀ½À̾ú´Ù.
¿À´Ã³¯ ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¾î¶² ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀº ÀÌ ´Ü°è¸¦ Áö³ª¼ °ÅÀÇ Áøº¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| 2. The hunting
stage. The invention of weapon tools enabled man to become a hunter
and thus to gain considerable freedom from food slavery. A thoughtful
Andonite who had severely bruised his fist in a serious combat rediscovered
the idea of using a long stick for his arm and a piece of hard flint,
bound on the end with sinews, for his fist. Many tribes made independent
discoveries of this sort, and these various forms of hammers represented
one of the great forward steps in human civilization. Today some
Australian natives have progressed little beyond this stage. | |
68:5.5 (768.5)
ûÀÎÀº ¼Ø¾¾ ÀÖ´Â »ç³É²ÛÀÌ¿ä µ£²ÛÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº °¿¡ ¿ïŸ¸®¸¦ Ãļ ¹°°í±â¸¦ ´ë·®À¸·Î Àâ¾Ò°í, ³ª¸ÓÁö¸¦ °Ü¿ï¿¡
¾²·Á°í ¸»·È´Ù. ¿©·¯ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ±³¹¦ÇÑ ¿Ã°¡¹Ì¿Í µ£ÀÌ »ç³É°¨À» Àâ´Â µ¥ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, À̺¸´Ù ¿ø½ÃÀû Á¾Á·µéÀº Å« µ¿¹°À»
»ç³ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| The blue men
became expert hunters and trappers; by fencing the rivers they caught
fish in great numbers, drying the surplus for winter use. Many forms
of ingenious snares and traps were employed in catching game, but
the more primitive races did not hunt the larger animals. | |
68:5.6 (768.6)
3. ¸ñÃà ´Ü°è. ÀÌ ´Ü°èÀÇ ¹®¸íÀº µ¿¹°À» ±æµéÀÓÀ¸·Î °¡´ÉÇØÁ³´Ù. ¾Æ¶øÀΰú ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀº ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¸ñÃàÇÏ´Â ¹ÎÁ·¿¡
¼ÓÇÑ´Ù.
| 3. The pastoral
stage. This phase of civilization was made possible by the domestication
of animals. The Arabs and the natives of Africa are among the more
recent pastoral peoples. | |
68:5.7 (768.7)
¸ñÃà »ýÈ°Àº ½Ä·®¿¡ ³ë¿¹°¡ µÈ »óÅ·κÎÅÍ ´õ¿í ºÎ´ãÀ» ´ú¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ±×ÀÇ ÀÚº»¿¡¼ »ý±â´Â ÀÌÀÚ(××í), °ð
°¡Ãà ¶¼ÀÇ Áõ°¡ºÐÀ¸·Î »ç´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹®È¿Í Áøº¸¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ´õ ¿©°¡¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
| Pastoral living
afforded further relief from food slavery; man learned to live on
the interest of his capital, the increase in his flocks; and this
provided more leisure for culture and progress. | |
68:5.8 (768.8)
¸ñÃà ÀÌÀüÀÇ »çȸ´Â ³²³à°¡ Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â »çȸ¿´Áö¸¸, µ¿¹° »çÀ°ÀÌ ÆÄ±ÞµÈ °ÍÀº ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ »çȸ¿¡¼ ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ´Â óÁö·Î ¶³¾î¶ß·È´Ù.
±× Àü¿¡´Â µ¿¹°ÀÇ °í±â¸¦ È®º¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³²ÀÚÀÇ Àǹ«¿´°í, ¸ÔÀ» ä¼Ò¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿©ÀÚÀÇ ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ³²ÀÚ°¡
»ýÈ°ÀÇ ¸ñÃà ½Ã´ë¿¡ µé¾î°¬À» ¶§, ¿©ÀÚÀÇ À§¾öÀº Å©°Ô ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. ¿©ÀÚ´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »ýÈ°¿¡ ÇʼöÀΠä¼Ò¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´À¶ó°í ¼ö°íÇؾß
µÇ¾ú°í, ÇÑÆí ³²Àڴ dzºÎÇÑ µ¿¹°ÀÇ °í±â¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© °íÀÛ µ¿¹°ÀÇ ¶¼°¡ ÀÖ´Â °÷À¸·Î °¡±â¸¸ ÇÏ¸é µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌó·³
³²ÀÚ´Â ºñ±³Àû ¿©ÀڷκÎÅÍ µ¶¸³µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸ñÃà ½Ã´ë¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ³»³», ¿©ÀÚÀÇ ÁöÀ§´Â ²ÙÁØÈ÷ ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ³¡ÀÌ µÇ¾î¼
¿©ÀÚ´Â Àΰ£ÀÎ µ¿¹°º¸´Ù °ÅÀÇ ³´°Ô µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, µ¿¹°ÀÇ ¶¼°¡ ³ëµ¿ÇÏ°í »õ³¢¸¦ ³ºµµ·Ï ±â´ëÇÑ °Íó·³, ÀÏÇÏ°í Àΰ£ÀÇ
ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ³º´Â ½Å¼¼·Î ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. ¸ñÃà ½Ã´ëÀÇ ³²ÀÚ´Â °¡ÃàÀ» Áö±ØÈ÷ »ç¶ûÇß´Ù. ³²ÀÚ°¡ Á¦ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ´õ ±íÀÌ »ç¶ûÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ¸´Ï,
´õ±º´Ù³ª µüÇÑ ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù.
| Prepastoral
society was one of sex co-operation, but the spread of animal husbandry
reduced women to the depths of social slavery. In earlier times
it was man's duty to secure the animal food, woman's business to
provide the vegetable edibles. Therefore, when man entered the pastoral
era of his existence, woman's dignity fell greatly. She must still
toil to produce the vegetable necessities of life, whereas the man
need only go to his herds to provide an abundance of animal food.
Man thus became relatively independent of woman; throughout the
entire pastoral age woman's status steadily declined. By the close
of this era she had become scarcely more than a human animal, consigned
to work and to bear human offspring, much as the animals of the
herd were expected to labor and bring forth young. The men of the
pastoral ages had great love for their cattle; all the more pity
they could not have developed a deeper affection for their wives. | |
68:5.9 (769.1)
4. ³ó¾÷ ´Ü°è. ÀÌ ½Ã´ë´Â ½Ä¹°(ãÕÚª)À» ±æµéÀÓÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº °¡Àå ³ôÀº Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹°Áú ¹®¸íÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù.
Ä®¸®°¡½ºÆ¼¾Æ¿Í ¾Æ´ã ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¿ø¿¹¿Í ³ó¾÷À» °¡¸£Ä¡·Á°í ¾Ö½è´Ù. ¾Æ´ã°ú À̺ê´Â ¸ñµ¿ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ä¼Ò¸¦ °¡²Ù´Â »ç¶÷À̾ú°í,
ä¼Ò Àç¹è´Â ´ç½Ã¿¡ »ó±Þ ¹®È¿´´Ù. ½Ä¹°ÀÇ Àç¹è´Â ÀηùÀÇ ¸ðµç Á¾Á·¿¡°Ô »ç¶÷À» °í»óÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù.
| 4. The agricultural
stage. This era was brought about by the domestication of plants,
and it represents the highest type of material civilization. Both
Caligastia and Adam endeavored to teach horticulture and agriculture.
Adam and Eve were gardeners, not shepherds, and gardening was an
advanced culture in those days. The growing of plants exerts an
ennobling influence on all races of mankind. | |
68:5.10 (769.2)
³ó¾÷Àº ¼¼°èÀÇ Àα¸ ¹Ðµµ¸¦ 4¹è°¡ ³Ñ°Ô ´Ã¿´´Ù. ³ó¾÷Àº ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¹®È ´Ü°èÀÇ ¸ñÃàÇÏ´Â Á÷¾÷°ú °âÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼¼
´Ü°è°¡[2] °ãÄ¥ ¶§, ³²ÀÚ´Â »ç³ÉÇÏ°í ¿©ÀÚ´Â ¶¥À» °æÀÛÇÑ´Ù. °¢ÁÖ[2]
68:5.10 ¼¼ ´Ü°è : ¾Õ¼ ¸»ÇÑ »ç³É¤ý¸ñÃà¤ý³ó¾÷ ´Ü°è.
| Agriculture
more than quadrupled the land-man ratio of the world. It may be
combined with the pastoral pursuits of the former cultural stage.
When the three stages overlap, men hunt and women till the soil. | |
68:5.11 (769.3)
¸ñÀÚ¿Í ÅäÁö¸¦ °æÀÛÇÏ´Â ÀÚ »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¸¶ÂûÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. »ç³É²Û°ú ¸ñÀÚ´Â Åõ»ç¿ä, ½Î¿òÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ó»ç²ÛÀº
Æòȸ¦ ´õ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â Á¾·ù¿´´Ù. µ¿¹°°ú °ü·ÃÀ» °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀº ½Î¿ò°ú ¹«·Â(ÙëÕô)À» ¾Ï½ÃÇϸç, ½Ä¹°°ú °ü°è¸¦ °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀº
ÂüÀ»¼º°ú Æò¿Â°ú Æòȸ¦ ÁÖÀÔ½ÃŲ´Ù. ³ó¾÷°ú »ê¾÷Àº Æòȷοî È°µ¿ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼¼»óÀÇ »çȸ È°µ¿À¸·Î¼ ÀÌ µÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ
¾àÁ¡Àº, ÈïºÐ°ú ¸ðÇèÀÌ ¸ðÀÚ¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| There has always
been friction between the herders and the tillers of the soil. The
hunter and herder were militant, warlike; the agriculturist is a
more peace-loving type. Association with animals suggests struggle
and force; association with plants instills patience, quiet, and
peace. Agriculture and industrialism are the activities of peace.
But the weakness of both, as world social activities, is that they
lack excitement and adventure. | |
68:5.12 (769.4)
Àΰ£ »çȸ´Â »ç³É ´Ü°è·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ñÃà ´Ü°è¸¦ °ÅÃļ, ¶¥¿¡¼ ³ó»ç Áþ´Â ´Ü°è·Î ÁøÈÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¹®¸íÀÇ °¢
´Ü°è¿¡ ¹æ¶û »ýÈ°ÀÌ Â÷Ãû ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. ³²ÀÚ´Â °¥¼ö·Ï ´õ Áý¿¡¼ »ì±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.
| Human society
has evolved from the hunting stage through that of the herders to
the territorial stage of agriculture. And each stage of this progressive
civilization was accompanied by less and less of nomadism; more
and more man began to live at home. | |
68:5.13 (769.5)
±×¸®°í ÀÌÁ¦ »ê¾÷Àº ³ó¾÷À» º¸ÃæÇÏ°í ±× °á°ú·Î ´õ¿í µµ½ÃÈ°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í, ½Ã¹Î °è±Þ¿¡´Â ºñ³ó¾÷ Áý´ÜÀÌ ´Ã¾î³µ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
°¡Àå ³ôÀº »çȸ ¹ßÀüÁ¶Â÷ ´Ã °ÇÀüÇÑ ³ó¾÷ÀÇ ±âÃÊ À§¿¡ ¼¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±× ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, »ê¾÷ ½Ã´ë´Â
»ì¾Æ³²±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ö ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
| And now is
industry supplementing agriculture, with consequently increased
urbanization and multiplication of nonagricultural groups of citizenship
classes. But an industrial era cannot hope to survive if its leaders
fail to recognize that even the highest social developments must
ever rest upon a sound agricultural basis. |
668:6.1 (769.6) »ç¶÷Àº Èë¿¡¼ »ý±ä »ý¹°À̸ç, ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ »ê¹°ÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ¶¥À» ¹þ¾î³ª·Á Çصµ, ³¡±îÁö µÎ°í º¸¸é ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ½ÇÆÐÇÑ´Ù. ¡°³ÊÈñ´Â Ƽ²øÀÌ¿ä, Ƽ²ø·Î µ¹¾Æ°¥Áö´Ï¶ó¡±ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç Àηù¿¡°Ô ±ÛÀÚ ±×´ë·Î Âü¸»ÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ ±Ùº»Àû ½Î¿òÀº ¶¥À» À§ÇÑ ½Î¿òÀ̾ú°í, Áö±Ýµµ ±×·¸°í, ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ ´Ã ±×·² °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ø½Ã Àΰ£ÀÇ Ã³À½ »çȸ °ü°è´Â ÀÌ ÅäÁö ½Î¿ò¿¡¼ À̱â±â À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. Àα¸ ¹Ðµµ´Â ¸ðµç »çȸ ¹®¸íÀÇ ±âÃÊ°¡ µÈ´Ù. | 6. Evolution of Culture Man is a creature of the soil, a child of nature; no matter how earnestly he may try to escape from the land, in the last reckoning he is certain to fail. "Dust you are and to dust shall you return" is literally true of all mankind. The basic struggle of man was, and is, and ever shall be, for land. The first social associations of primitive human beings were for the purpose of winning these land struggles. The land-man ratio underlies all social civilization. | |
68:6.2 (769.7)
»ç¶÷ÀÇ Áö´ÉÀº ¿¹¼ú°ú °úÇÐÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î ¶¥ÀÇ ¼Ò»êÀ» ´Ã¿´´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÚ¼ÕÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ Áõ°¡°¡ ¾ó¸¶Å ÅëÁ¦µÇ¾ú°í, µû¶ó¼ ¹®È°¡
ÀÖ´Â ¹®¸íÀ» ¼¼¿ì±â À§ÇÏ¿© »ý°è¿Í ¿©°¡°¡ ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Man's intelligence,
by means of the arts and sciences, increased the land yield; at
the same time the natural increase in offspring was somewhat brought
under control, and thus was provided the sustenance and leisure
to build a cultural civilization. | |
68:6.3 (769.8)
Àΰ£ »çȸ´Â, Àα¸°¡ ÅäÁö ±â¼ú¿¡ µû¶ó¼ Á¤ºñ·Ê·Î, ±×¸®°í ÁÖ¾îÁø »ýÈ° ¼öÁØ¿¡ ¹Ýºñ·ÊÇÏ¿© º¯ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇÏ´Â ¹ýÄ¢¿¡
Áö¹èµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ Ãʱ⠽ôë Àüü¸¦ ÅëÇؼ, »ç¶÷°ú ÅäÁö¿¡ °ü°èµÈ °ø±Þ°ú ¼ö¿äÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ Áö±Ýº¸´Ù ´õ, Àα¸¿Í ÅäÁöÀÇ ÃßÁ¤Ä¡¸¦
°áÁ¤Çß´Ù. ÅäÁö°¡¡ªÁ¡·ÉµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº Áö¿ªÀÌ¡ªÇ³ºÎÇÑ ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÄÇ°í, µû¶ó¼ »ç¶÷ ¸ñ¼ûÀÇ °ªÀÌ »ó´çÈ÷ ³ô¾ÆÁ³´Ù.
µû¶ó¼ »ý¸íÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀº ´õ¿í ²ûÂïÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÅäÁö°¡ ±ÍÇÏ°í, ÀÌ¿¡ °ü°èµÇ¾î Àα¸°¡ °úÀ×ÀÎ ±â°£¿¡´Â, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀÌ
ºñ±³Àû °ª½ÎÁ³°í, ±×·¡¼ ÀüÀï¤ý±â±Ù¤ýÀ¯Çິ¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» ´ú ½ñ¾Ò´Ù.
| Human society
is controlled by a law which decrees that the population must vary
directly in accordance with the land arts and inversely with a given
standard of living. Throughout these early ages, even more than
at present, the law of supply and demand as concerned men and land
determined the estimated value of both. During the times of plentiful
land-unoccupied territory-the need for men was great, and therefore
the value of human life was much enhanced; hence the loss of life
was more horrifying. During periods of land scarcity and associated
overpopulation, human life became comparatively cheapened so that
war, famine, and pestilence were regarded with less concern. | |
68:6.4 (770.1)
ÅäÁöÀÇ ¼Ò»êÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé°Å³ª Àα¸°¡ ´Ã¾î³¯ ¶§ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÑ ÅõÀïÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú°í, Àΰ£ÀÇ ¼ºÇ°¿¡¼ °¡Àå ³ª»Û Ư¼ºÀÌ Ç¥¸éÀ¸·Î
³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ÅäÁö ¼Ò»êÀÇ Áõ°¡, ±â°è ±â¼úÀÇ °³¼±, Àα¸ÀÇ °¨¼Ò´Â ¸ðµÎ Àΰ£ ¼ºÇ°¿¡¼ ÁÁÀº ¸éÀÌ ¹ß´ÞÇϵµ·Ï ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â
°æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
| When the land
yield is reduced or the population is increased, the inevitable
struggle is renewed; the very worst traits of human nature are brought
to the surface. The improvement of the land yield, the extension
of the mechanical arts, and the reduction of population all tend
to foster the development of the better side of human nature. | |
68:6.5 (770.2)
°³Ã´ÁöÀÇ »çȸ´Â Àΰ£¼ºÀÇ ¼Åõ¸¥ ¸éÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ¿µÀû ¹®È¿Í ÇÔ²², ¿¹¼ú°ú ÂüµÈ °úÇÐÀû Áøº¸´Â, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ
»ç´Â µµ½ÉÀÌ Àα¸ ¹Ðµµ°¡[3] Á¶±Ý ÀûÀº, ³ó¾÷°ú »ê¾÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â Àα¸ÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, ±×·± µµ½É¿¡¼ ÃÖ¼±À¸·Î
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù. µµ½Ã´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ±× °ÅÁÖÀÚµéÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀ», ÁÁÀº °÷¿¡ ¾²µç ³ª»Û °÷¿¡ ¾²µç, ¸î ¹è·Î ´ÃÀδÙ.
°¢ÁÖ[3] Àα¸ ¹Ðµµ : ¿©±â¼ land-man ratio´Â ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ÅäÁö ¾È¿¡ »ç´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. | Frontier society
develops the unskilled side of humanity; the fine arts and true
scientific progress, together with spiritual culture, have all thrived
best in the larger centers of life when supported by an agricultural
and industrial population slightly under the land-man ratio. Cities
always multiply the power of their inhabitants for either good or
evil. | |
68:6.6 (770.3)
°¡Á·ÀÇ Å©±â´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª »ýÈ° ¼öÁØ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ¿Ô´Ù. ¼öÁØÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¸é ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï, ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ »óųª Â÷Ãû »ç¸êÇÏ´Â Á¡±îÁö
°¡Á·ÀÌ ÀÛ¾ÆÁø´Ù.
| The size of
the family has always been influenced by the standards of living.
The higher the standard the smaller the family, up to the point
of established status or gradual extinction. | |
68:6.7 (770.4)
¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀ» ÅëÇؼ »ýÈ° ¼öÁØÀº, ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¾çÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »ì¾Æ³²´Â Àα¸ÀÇ ÁúÀ» °áÁ¤Çß´Ù. Áö¿ª °è±ÞÀÇ »ýÈ° ¼öÁØÀº »õ·Î¿î
»çȸ °èÃþ, »õ·Î¿î µµ´ö °ü½ÀÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù. »ýÈ° ¼öÁØÀÌ ³Ê¹« º¹ÀâÇϰųª Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô »çÄ¡½º·´°Ô µÉ ¶§, ±×°ÍÀº ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ÀÚ»ìÀÌ
µÈ´Ù. Ä«½ºÆ®´Â Á¶¹ÐÇÑ Àα¸°¡ ½ÉÇÏ°Ô °æÀïÇÏ´Â ³ôÀº »çȸÀû ¾Ð·ÂÀ¸·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ »ý±â´Â Á÷Á¢ °á°úÀÌ´Ù.
| All down through
the ages the standards of living have determined the quality of
a surviving population in contrast with mere quantity. Local class
standards of living give origin to new social castes, new mores.
When standards of living become too complicated or too highly luxurious,
they speedily become suicidal. Caste is the direct result of the
high social pressure of keen competition produced by dense populations. | |
68:6.8 (770.5)
ÃʱâÀÇ Á¾Á·µéÀº ÈçÈ÷, Àα¸¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇϵµ·Ï °í¾ÈµÈ °ü½À¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿ø½Ã ºÎÁ·Àº ±âÇü(Ðôû¡) ¾ÆÀÌ¿Í º´¾àÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̸¦
Á׿´´Ù. ¾Æ³»¸¦ »çµéÀÌ´Â ½ÃÀý ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¿©ÀÚ ¾Æ±âµéÀº ºó¹øÈ÷ Á×À½À» ´çÇß´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº Ãâ»êÇÒ ¶§ ¸ñ Á¹·Á Á×À½À»
´çÇßÁö¸¸, °¡Àå Àß ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ³»¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ½ÖµÕÀÌÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â º¸Åë Çϳª¸¦ Á׿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¿ì°å´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â
¿©·¯ ¾Æ±â¸¦ ³º´Â °ÍÀº ¿ä¼úÀ̳ª ºÎÁ¤(ÝÕïö) ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ëü·Î, µ¿¼º(ÔÒàõ)ÀÇ ½ÖµÕÀÌ´Â
»ì·Á µÎ¾ú´Ù. ½ÖµÕÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ ±Ý±â´Â ÇѶ§ °ÅÀÇ º¸ÆíÀûÀ̾úÁö¸¸, °áÄÚ ¾Èµ· Á·¼ÓÀÇ Ç³½ÀÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¾Èµ·
Á¾Á·Àº ½ÖµÕÀ̸¦ ¾ðÁ¦³ª Çà¿îÀÇ ÀüÁ¶·Î ¿©°å´Ù.
| The early races
often resorted to practices designed to restrict population; all
primitive tribes killed deformed and sickly children. Girl babies
were frequently killed before the times of wife purchase. Children
were sometimes strangled at birth, but the favorite method was exposure.
The father of twins usually insisted that one be killed since multiple
births were believed to be caused either by magic or by infidelity.
As a rule, however, twins of the same sex were spared. While these
taboos on twins were once well-nigh universal, they were never a
part of the Andonite mores; these peoples always regarded twins
as omens of good luck. | |
68:6.9 (770.6)
¸¹Àº Á¾Á·ÀÌ À¯»ê(êüߧ)ÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀ» ¹è¿ü°í, °áÈ¥ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ Ãâ»êÀÌ ±Ý±â·Î È®Á¤µÈ µÚ¿¡, ÀÌ °ü½ÀÀº ¾ÆÁÖ
ÈçÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹ÌÈ¥³à°¡ Á¦ ÀÚ½ÄÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È °ü½ÀÀ̾úÁö¸¸, Á»´õ °³ÈµÈ Áý´Üµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ÀÌ »ç»ý¾Æ(Þçßæä®)´Â
¼Ò³àÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ º¸È£¸¦ ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¿ø½Ã ¾¾Á·Àº À¯»ê°ú À¯¾Æ¸¦ Á×ÀÌ´Â °ü½À ¶§¹®¿¡ °ÅÀÇ Àý¸êµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
µµ´ö °ü½ÀÀÇ ¸í·É°ú »ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, ÀÏ´Ü Á¥À» »¡¸° µÚ¿¡´Â Á×À½À» ´çÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ±ØÈ÷ µå¹°¾ú´Ù¡ª¸ð¼º¾Ö°¡ ³Ê¹« °ÇÏ´Ù.
| Many races
learned the technique of abortion, and this practice became very
common after the establishment of the taboo on childbirth among
the unmarried. It was long the custom for a maiden to kill her offspring,
but among more civilized groups these illegitimate children became
the wards of the girl's mother. Many primitive clans were virtually
exterminated by the practice of both abortion and infanticide. But
regardless of the dictates of the mores, very few children were
ever destroyed after having once been suckled-maternal affection
is too strong. | |
68:6.10 (770.7)
20¼¼±â¿¡µµ, Àα¸¸¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ¿ø½Ã ¹æ¹ýÀÇ Â±â°¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ¿¡´Â ÇÑ ºÎÁ·ÀÌ Àִµ¥, °Å±â¿¡´Â ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡
¾ÆÀ̸¦ µÎ¼Âº¸´Ù ´õ ±â¸£´Â °ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ ½ÄÀÎÁ¾ ºÎÁ·ÀÌ ´Ù¼¸ ¹ø° ÅÂ¾î³ ¾ÆÀ̸¶´Ù ¸Ô¾îÄ¡¿î Áö´Â ±×¸® ¿À·¡ µÇÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸¶´Ù°¡½ºÄ«¿¡¼ ¾î¶² ºÎÁ·µéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¾î¶² ¿î ³ª»Û ³¯¿¡ ÅÂ¾î³ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» ´Ù Á×À̸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸ðµç ¾Æ±âÀÇ ¾à
25ÆÛ¼¾Æ®ÀÇ Á×À½À» ÃÊ·¡ÇÑ´Ù.
| Even in the
twentieth century there persist remnants of these primitive population
controls. There is a tribe in Australia whose mothers refuse to
rear more than two or three children. Not long since, one cannibalistic
tribe ate every fifth child born. In Madagascar some tribes still
destroy all children born on certain unlucky days, resulting in
the death of about twenty-five per cent of all babies. | |
68:6.11 (770.8)
¼¼°èÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ º¼ ¶§, °úÀ× Àα¸´Â Áö³³¯¿¡ °áÄÚ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÈ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀüÀïÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé°í °úÇÐÀÌ Á¡Á¡
´õ Àΰ£ÀÇ º´À» ÅëÁ¦Çϸé, °¡±î¿î ¾Õ³¯¿¡ °úÀ× Àα¸´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÉÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¶§¿¡ ¼¼°è ÁöµµÃþÀÇ ÁöÇý¸¦
Å©°Ô ½ÃÇèÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ ÀúÀý·Î ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚµéÀÌ, ºñ¹üÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÇ ±Ø´Ü°ú ¾öû³ª°Ô Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â º¸Åë ÀÌÇÏÀÇ
Áý´Ü ´ë½Å¿¡, º¸Åë »ç¶÷, °ð ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ Àΰ£ÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ ÃËÁøÇÒ ÅëÂû·Â°ú ¿ë±â¸¦ °¡Áú °ÍÀΰ¡? º¸Åë Àΰ£ÀÌ ¾çÀ°µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
º¸Åë »ç¶÷Àº ¹®¸íÀÇ µî»À¿ä, Á¾Á·¿¡¼ µ¹¿¬ º¯ÀÌ ÃµÀçµéÀÌ ³ª¿À´Â ±Ù¿øÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ÀÌÇÏÀÇ »ç¶÷Àº »çȸÀÇ ÅëÁ¦¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏµî ¼öÁØÀÇ »ê¾÷ °ü¸®, °ð µ¿¹° ¼öÁغ¸´Ù ³ôÀº Áö´ÉÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö¸¸, »ó±Þ ºÎ·ùÀÇ Àηù¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ
Á¾°ú ¼Ó¹ÚÀÌ µÇ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ³·Àº µî±ÞÀÇ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °Íº¸´Ù ´õ »ý»êµÇ¾î¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
| From a world
standpoint, overpopulation has never been a serious problem in the
past, but if war is lessened and science increasingly controls human
diseases, it may become a serious problem in the near future. At
such a time the great test of the wisdom of world leadership will
present itself. Will Urantia rulers have the insight and courage
to foster the multiplication of the average or stabilized human
being instead of the extremes of the supernormal and the enormously
increasing groups of the subnormal? The normal man should be fostered;
he is the backbone of civilization and the source of the mutant
geniuses of the race. The subnormal man should be kept under society's
control; no more should be produced than are required to administer
the lower levels of industry, those tasks requiring intelligence
above the animal level but making such low-grade demands as to prove
veritable slavery and bondage for the higher types of mankind. | |
68:6.12 (771.1)
[ÇѶ§ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÁÖµÐÇß´ø ÇÑ ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù.]
| [Presented
by a Melchizedek sometime stationed on Urantia.] |