| ||||||||
|
Á¦
61 Æí
| Paper 61
| |
61:0.1 (693.1)
Æ÷À¯µ¿¹° ½Ã´ë´Â ŹÝÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°ÀÌ ±â¿øÀ» °¡Áø ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ºùÇÏ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ³¡±îÁö À̾îÁö¸ç, 5õ¸¸ ³âº¸´Ù Á¶±Ý Àû°Ô
Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
| The era of
mammals extends from the times of the origin of placental mammals
to the end of the ice age, covering a little less than fifty million
years. | |
61:0.2 (693.2)
ÀÌ ½Å»ý´ë(ãæßæÓÛ)¿¡ ¼¼»óÀÇ °æÄ¡´Â ¸Å·Â ÀÖ´Â ¸ð½ÀÀ»¡ª°æ»ç°¡ ¿Ï¸¸ÇÑ ¾ð´ö, ³ÐÀº °ñÂ¥±â, Æø ³ÐÀº °, Å« ½£À»¡ª³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù.
ÀÌ ½Ã°£ ±¸¿ª Áß¿¡ µÎ ¹øÀ̳ª ÆÄ³ª¸¶ ÁöÇùÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°¡°í ³»·Á°¬´Ù. ¼¼ ¹øÀ̳ª º£¸µ ÇØÇùÀÇ À°Áö ´Ù¸®µµ ±×·¸°Ô Çß´Ù.
µ¿¹°ÀÇ Á¾·ù´Â ¸¹°íµµ ´Ùä·Î¿ü´Ù. ³ª¹«´Â »õµé·Î ¹Ù±Û°Å·È°í, ÁøÈÇÏ´Â µ¿¹° Á¾ÀÚµéÀÌ ÁÖµµ±ÇÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ½Î¿ì°í
ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥µµ, ¿Â ¼¼»óÀÌ µ¿¹°ÀÇ Ãµ±¹À̾ú´Ù.
| During this
Cenozoic age the world's landscape presented an attractive appearance-rolling
hills, broad valleys, wide rivers, and great forests. Twice during
this sector of time the Panama Isthmus went up and down; three times
Bering Strait land bridge did the same. The animal types were both
many and varied. The trees swarmed with birds, and the whole world
was an animal paradise, notwithstanding the incessant struggle of
the evolving animal species for supremacy. | |
61:0.3 (693.3)
5õ¸¸ ³â¿¡ °ÉÄ¡´Â ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ ±â(Ѻ)¿¡ ½×ÀÎ ÅðÀû¹°Àº ¿¬¼ÓµÈ Æ÷À¯µ¿¹° ¿ÕÁ¶ÀÇ È¼® ±â·ÏÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ù·Î
Àΰ£ÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ½Ã´ë±îÁö Á÷Á¢ À̲ö´Ù.
| The accumulated
deposits of the five periods of this fifty-million-year era contain
the fossil records of the successive mammalian dynasties and lead
right up through the times of the actual appearance of man himself. |
4. The Recent
Continental-Elevation Stage This is the period of preglacial land elevation
in North America, Europe, and Asia. The land was greatly altered
in topography. Mountain ranges were born, streams changed their
courses, and isolated volcanoes broke out all over the world.
| ||
61:4.2 (698.4)
10,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ´ë·úµéÀÇ ³·Àº °÷¿¡¼ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô Áö¿ªÀûÀ¸·Î ¶¥ ħÀü¹°ÀÌ ½×ÀÌ´Â ½Ã´ë°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
ÀÌ Ä§Àü¹°ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ¿Å°ÜÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÃÀý¿¡ À¯·´ÀÇ »ó´ç ºÎºÐÀº À×±Û·£µå¤ýº§Áö¿ò¤ýÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ¿©·¯ ºÎºÐÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©,
¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¹° ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ÁöÁßÇØ´Â ºÏ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ »ó´ç ºÎºÐÀ» µ¤¾ú´Ù. ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ÅðÀû¹°ÀÌ »ê¹Ø¿¡¼,
È£¼ö¿¡¼, Å« ºÐÁö¿¡¼ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ ÅðÀû¹°Àº Æò±Õ ¾à 60¹ÌÅÍÀ̰í, ´Ù¼Ò »ö±òÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ȼ®ÀÌ µå¹°´Ù. ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«
¼ºÎ¿¡ µÎ °³ÀÇ Å« ¹Î¹° È£¼ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù. ½Ã¿¡¶ó´Â ³ô¾ÆÁö°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, »þ½ºÅ¸¤ýÈĵå¤ý·¹À̴Ͼî´Â »êÀ¸·Î¼ »ý¾Ö¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ºùÇϱâ±îÁö, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â ´ë¼¾çÀÇ Ä§¸ô ºÎºÐÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© ºñ·Î¼Ò ±â¾î°¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| 10,000,000
years ago began an age of widespread local land deposits on the
lowlands of the continents, but most of these sedimentations were
later removed. Much of Europe, at this time, was still under water,
including parts of England, Belgium, and France, and the Mediterranean
Sea covered much of northern Africa. In North America extensive
depositions were made at the mountain bases, in lakes, and in the
great land basins. These deposits average only about two hundred
feet, are more or less colored, and fossils are rare. Two great
fresh-water lakes existed in western North America. The Sierras
were elevating; Shasta, Hood, and Rainier were beginning their mountain
careers. But it was not until the subsequent ice age that North
America began its creep toward the Atlantic depression. | |
61:4.3 (698.5)
Àá½Ã µ¿¾È ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç À°Áö´Â ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú°í, ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î µ¿¹°ÀÇ ¼¼°èÀû ´ëÀ̵¿ÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù.
ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿Í ´Ù ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú°í, µ¿¹° »ý¸íÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ±³È¯µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ³ª¹«´Ãº¸¤ý¾Æ¸¶µô·Î¤ý¿µ¾ç(çÆåÏ)¤ý°õÀÌ
ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«·Î µé¾î°¬°í, ÇÑÆí ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ³«Å¸´Â Áß±¹À¸·Î °¬´Ù. ÄÚ»Ô¼Ò°¡ ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ¿Í ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí,
¿Â ¼¼°è·Î ÀÌÁÖÇßÀ¸³ª, ÀÌ ½Ã±â ³¡ÀÌ µÇÀÚ ¼¹Ý±¸¿¡¼ ¸êÁ¾µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| For a short
time all the land of the world was again joined excepting Australia,
and the last great world-wide animal migration took place. North
America was connected with both South America and Asia, and there
was a free exchange of animal life. Asiatic sloths, armadillos,
antelopes, and bears entered North America, while North American
camels went to China. Rhinoceroses migrated over the whole world
except Australia and South America, but they were extinct in the
Western Hemisphere by the close of this period. | |
61:4.4 (698.6)
´ëü·Î, Àü±â(îñÑ¢)ÀÇ »ý¸íÀº ÁÙ°ð ÁøÈÇÏ°í ÆÛÁ³´Ù. °í¾çÀ̰ú°¡ µ¿¹° »ý¸íÀ» Áö¹èÇß°í, ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀº °ÅÀÇ Á¤ÁöÇß´Ù.
´Ù¼öÀÇ ¸»ÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ ¼¼ ¹ß°¡¶ôÀ» °¡Á³Áö¸¸, Çö´ë Á¾·ù°¡ µµÂøÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶ó¸¶, ±×¸®°í ±â¸° °°Àº ³«Å¸°¡ Ç® ¶â´Â Æò¿ø¿¡¼
¸»°ú ¼¯¿´´Ù. ±â¸°ÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³µ°í, ±×¶§ Áö±Ýó·³ ±ä ¸ñÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ³ª¹«´Ãº¸¤ý¾Æ¸¶µô·Î¤ý°³¹ÌÇÓ±â,
±×¸®°í ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« Á¾·ùÀÇ ¿ø½Ã ¿ø¼þÀ̰¡ ÁøÈÇß´Ù. ´ë·úµéÀÌ ¸¶Ä§³» °í¸³µÇ±â Àü¿¡, ±× µ¢Ä¡ Å« µ¿¹° ¸¶½ºÅäµ·Àº ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ¸¦
Á¦¿ÜÇϰí, ¾îµð¿¡³ª ÀÌÁÖÇØ °¬´Ù.
| In general,
the life of the preceding period continued to evolve and spread.
The cat family dominated the animal life, and marine life was almost
at a standstill. Many of the horses were still three-toed, but the
modern types were arriving; llamas and giraffelike camels mingled
with the horses on the grazing plains. The giraffe appeared in Africa,
having just as long a neck then as now. In South America sloths,
armadillos, anteaters, and the South American type of primitive
monkeys evolved. Before the continents were finally isolated, those
massive animals, the mastodons, migrated everywhere except to Australia.
| |
61:4.5 (698.7)
5,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ¸»Àº Áö±Ý »óÅ·ΠÁøÈÇß°í, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«·ÎºÎÅÍ Àü¼¼°è·Î ÀÌÁÖÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸»Àº È«ÀÎ(ûõìÑ)ÀÌ
µµÂøÇϱ⠿À·¡ Àü¿¡, ±â¿øÀÌ ÀÖ´ø ´ë·ú¿¡¼ ¸êÁ¾µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| 5,000,000
years ago the horse evolved as it now is and from North America
migrated to all the world. But the horse had become extinct on the
continent of its origin long before the red man arrived. | |
61:4.6 (698.8)
±âÈÄ´Â Â÷Ãû Ãß¿öÁö°í, À°Áö ½Ä¹°Àº õõÈ÷ ³²ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿òÁ÷À̰í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ºÏÂÊ ÁöÇù À§·Î µ¿¹°ÀÇ ÀÌÁÖ¸¦ ¸·Àº °ÍÀº, óÀ½¿¡´Â
ºÏÂÊ¿¡¼ ½ÉÇØÁö´Â ÃßÀ§¿´´Ù. ±× µÚ¿¡ ÀÌ ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« À°Áö ´Ù¸®°¡ °¡¶ó¾É¾Ò´Ù. ±× µÚ¿¡ °ð ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«
»çÀÌÀÇ À°Áö ¿¬°áÀº ¸¶Ä§³» ¹°¿¡ Àá°å°í, ¼¹Ý±¸´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ »óÅÂ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô °í¸³µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ·Î, ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ
»ý¸íÀÌ µ¿¹Ý±¸¿Í ¼¹Ý±¸¿¡¼ ¹ß´ÞÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.
| The climate
was gradually getting cooler; the land plants were slowly moving
southward. At first it was the increasing cold in the north that
stopped animal migrations over the northern isthmuses; subsequently
these North American land bridges went down. Soon afterwards the
land connection between Africa and South America finally submerged,
and the Western Hemisphere was isolated much as it is today. From
this time forward distinct types of life began to develop in the
Eastern and Western Hemispheres. | |
61:4.7 (699.1)
ÀÌó·³ °ÅÀÇ 1õ¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È °è¼ÓµÈ ½Ã±â°¡ ¸·À» ³»¸®°í, »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á¶»óÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. À̶§´Â º¸Åë ¼±½Å¼¼(àØãæá¦)¶ó°í
ºÎ¸£´Â ½ÃÀýÀÌ´Ù.
| And thus does
this period of almost ten million years' duration draw to a close,
and not yet has the ancestor of man appeared. This is the time usually
designated as the Pliocene. |
61:5.1 (699.2) Àü±âÀÇ ³¡ÀÌ µÇÀÚ, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ µ¿ºÏºÎ¿Í ºÏ À¯·´ÀÇ ¶¥Àº ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ±Ô¸ð·Î »ó´çÈ÷ ³ô¾ÆÁ³°í, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼´Â ±¤´ëÇÑ Áö¿ªÀÌ 9,000¹ÌÅͱîÁö, ±×¸®°í ´õ ³ô¾ÆÁö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â ÀÌ ºÏÂÊ Áö¿ª¿¡ ¿ÂÈÇÑ ±âÈİ¡ Áö¹èÇß°í, ºÏ±ØÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ¸ðµÎ Áõ¹ßÇϵµ·Ï ¿·Á ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ºùÇϱⰡ °ÅÀÇ ³¡³¯ ¶§±îÁö ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ÁÙ°ð ¾óÀ½ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. | 5. The Early Ice Age By the close of the preceding period the lands of the northeastern part of North America and of northern Europe were highly elevated on an extensive scale, in North America vast areas rising up to 30,000 feet and more. Mild climates had formerly prevailed over these northern regions, and the arctic waters were all open to evaporation, and they continued to be ice-free until almost the close of the glacial period. | |
61:5.2 (699.3)
ÀÌ·¸°Ô À°Áö°¡ ¿Ã¶ó¿À´Â °Í°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´ë¾çÀÇ ÇØ·ù°¡ ¹Ù²î¾ú°í, °èÀýdzÀÌ ¹æÇâÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Á¶°ÇÀº °á±¹, ºÏÂÊÀÇ °íÁö(ÍÔò¢)¿¡
¹«°Ì°Ô Á¥¾î ÀÖ´Â ´ë±âÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °ÅÀÇ Ç×»ó ºñ°¡ ½ñ¾ÆÁö°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ³ô¾ÆÁö°í, µû¶ó¼ ¼´ÃÇÑ ÀÌ Áö¿ª¿¡ ´«ÀÌ
³»¸®±â ½ÃÀÛÇß°í, ±íÀ̰¡ 6,000¹ÌÅÍ¿¡ À̸¦ ¶§±îÁö ´«ÀÌ °è¼Ó ³»·È´Ù. ´«ÀÌ °¡Àå ±íÀÌ ½×ÀÎ Áö¿ªÀº, °íµµ(ÍÔÓø)¿Í
ÇÔ²², ³ªÁß¿¡ ¾Ð·ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ºùÇÏ È帧ÀÇ Áß½ÉÁ¡À» °áÁ¤Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ Áö³ªÄ£ °¼³ÀÌ ÀÌ ºÏÂÊ °íÁö¸¦ ÀÌó·³ ±²ÀåÇÑ
´« ¿ÜÅõ·Î °è¼Ó µ¤´Â ÇÑ, ºùÇÏ ½Ã´ë°¡ À̾îÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ ´«Àº °ð, ´Ü´ÜÇÏÁö¸¸ ±â¾î°¡´Â ¾óÀ½À¸·Î ÇüŸ¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù.
| Simultaneously
with these land elevations the ocean currents shifted, and the seasonal
winds changed their direction. These conditions eventually produced
an almost constant precipitation of moisture from the movement of
the heavily saturated atmosphere over the northern highlands. Snow
began to fall on these elevated and therefore cool regions, and
it continued to fall until it had attained a depth of 20,000 feet.
The areas of the greatest depth of snow, together with altitude,
determined the central points of subsequent glacial pressure flows.
And the ice age persisted just as long as this excessive precipitation
continued to cover these northern highlands with this enormous mantle
of snow, which soon metamorphosed into solid but creeping ice. | |
61:5.3 (699.4)
ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ Å« ºù»óÀº ¸ðµÎ ³ô¾ÆÁø °íÁö¿¡ ÀÚ¸®Àâ°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¿À´Ã³¯ ±× ºù»óµéÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â »êÁö¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ºùÇÏ
¾óÀ½ÀÇ ¹ÝÀº ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, 4ºÐÀÇ 1Àº À¯¶ó½Ã¾Æ¿¡, 4ºÐÀÇ 1Àº ´Ù¸¥ °÷, ÁÖ·Î ³²±Ø¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«´Â
¾óÀ½¿¡ °ÅÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ´Â ³²±ØÀÇ ¾óÀ½ ´ã¿ä·Î °ÅÀÇ µ¤¿© ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| The great ice
sheets of this period were all located on elevated highlands, not
in mountainous regions where they are found today. One half of the
glacial ice was in North America, one fourth in Eurasia, and one
fourth elsewhere, chiefly in Antarctica. Africa was little affected
by the ice, but Australia was almost covered with the antarctic
ice blanket. | |
61:5.3 (699.4)
ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ Å« ºù»óÀº ¸ðµÎ ³ô¾ÆÁø °íÁö¿¡ ÀÚ¸®Àâ°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¿À´Ã³¯ ±× ºù»óµéÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â »êÁö¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ºùÇÏ
¾óÀ½ÀÇ ¹ÝÀº ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, 4ºÐÀÇ 1Àº À¯¶ó½Ã¾Æ¿¡, 4ºÐÀÇ 1Àº ´Ù¸¥ °÷, ÁÖ·Î ³²±Ø¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«´Â
¾óÀ½¿¡ °ÅÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ´Â ³²±ØÀÇ ¾óÀ½ ´ã¿ä·Î °ÅÀÇ µ¤¿© ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| The northern
regions of this world have experienced six separate and distinct
ice invasions, although there were scores of advances and recessions
associated with the activity of each individual ice sheet. The ice
in North America collected in two and, later, three centers. Greenland
was covered, and Iceland was completely buried beneath the ice flow.
In Europe the ice at various times covered the British Isles excepting
the coast of southern England, and it overspread western Europe
down to France. | |
61:5.5 (699.6)
2,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ Ã¹ ºùÇϰ¡ ³²ÂÊÀ¸·Î ÀüÁøÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ºùÇϱⰡ ÀÌÁ¦ ½ÃÀ۵ǰí ÀÖ¾ú°í, ÀÌ ºùÇÏ´Â
ºÏÂÊÀÇ ¾Ð·Â Á߽ɵé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀüÁøÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã °Å±â·Î ÈÄÅðÇÏ´Â µ¥, °ÅÀÇ 1¹é¸¸ ³âÀ» ½á¹ö·È´Ù. Áß¾ÓÀÇ ºù»ó(Þ¼ßÉ)Àº ³²ÂÊÀ¸·Î
Ļ罺±îÁö »¸¾ú´Âµ¥, µ¿Âʰú ¼ÂÊÀÇ ¾óÀ½ Á߽ɵéÀº ±×¶§ ±×´ÙÁö ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| 2,000,000
years ago the first North American glacier started its southern
advance. The ice age was now in the making, and this glacier consumed
nearly one million years in its advance from, and retreat back toward,
the northern pressure centers. The central ice sheet extended south
as far as Kansas; the eastern and western ice centers were not then
so extensive. | |
61:5.6 (699.7)
1,500,000³â Àü¿¡ ù ´ëºùÇϰ¡ ºÏÂÊÀ¸·Î ¹°·¯³ª°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µ¿¾È¿¡ ±²ÀåÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ´«ÀÌ ±×¸°·£µå¿Í ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«
µ¿ºÏºÎ¿¡ ³»¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¸ÓÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ÀÌ µ¿ºÎÀÇ ¾óÀ½ µ¢¾î¸®´Â ³²ÂÊÀ¸·Î Èê·¯³»¸®±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ¾óÀ½ÀÇ µÑ° ħ°øÀ̾ú´Ù.
| 1,500,000 years
ago the first great glacier was retreating northward. In the meantime,
enormous quantities of snow had been falling on Greenland and on
the northeastern part of North America, and erelong this eastern
ice mass began to flow southward. This was the second invasion of
the ice. | |
61:5.7 (699.8)
óÀ½¿¡ ÀÖÀº ÀÌ µÎ ¾óÀ½ ħ°øÀº À¯¶ó½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ºùÇϱâÀÇ ½ÃÃÊ¿¡, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â ¸¶½ºÅäµ·, ÅÐ
ÀÖ´Â ¸¾¸ð½º, ¸»¤ý³«Å¸¤ý»ç½¿¤ý»çÇâ¼Ò¤ýµé¼Ò¤ý³ª¹«´Ãº¸, Å« ºñ¹ö, Ä®À̸¦ °¡Áø È£¶ûÀÌ, ÄÚ³¢¸®¸¸Å Å« ³ª¹«´Ãº¸, ±×¸®°í
¸¹Àº Áý´ÜÀÇ °³ ¹× °í¾çÀ̰ú·Î µé²ú¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈÄ·Î, ºùÇϱâÀÇ ½ÉÇØÁö´Â ÃßÀ§·Î ±×µéÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù.
ºùÇϱâÀÇ ³¡ ¹«·Æ¿¡, ÀÌ µ¿¹° Á¾ÀÚÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ Àý¸êµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| These first
two ice invasions were not extensive in Eurasia. During these early
epochs of the ice age North America was overrun with mastodons,
woolly mammoths, horses, camels, deer, musk oxen, bison, ground
sloths, giant beavers, saber-toothed tigers, sloths as large as
elephants, and many groups of the cat and dog families. But from
this time forward they were rapidly reduced in numbers by the increasing
cold of the glacial period. Toward the close of the ice age the
majority of these animal species were extinct in North America.
| |
61:5.8 (700.1)
¾óÀ½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡¼, ¼¼°èÀÇ ¹·°ú ¹°¿¡¼ »ç´Â »ý¸íÀº °ÅÀÇ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¾óÀ½ÀÇ Ä§°ø »çÀÌ»çÀÌ¿¡, ±âÈÄ´Â
´ëü·Î ÇöÀ縸Š¿ÂÈÇß°í, ¾Æ¸¶ Á¶±Ý ´õ µûµíÇß´Ù. ºùÇÏ´Â ÆÛÁ®¼ ¾öû³ Áö¿ªÀ» µ¤±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸, °á±¹ Áö¿ª Çö»óÀÌ´Ù.
ºùÇÏÀÇ ºñȰµ¿±â, ±×¸®°í ¾öû³ ºù»êµéÀÌ ¸ÞÀÎÁÖ ÇØ¾È¿¡¼ ´ë¼¾çÀ¸·Î ¹Ì²ô·¯Á® °¡°í Ç»ÁöÆ® »ç¿îµå¸¦ Åë°úÇÏ¿© ÅÂÆò¾çÀ¸·Î
¹Ì²ô·¯Á® ³»¸®°í ³ë¸£¿þÀÌÀÇ ÇÇ¿À¸£µå ¹ØÀ¸·Î ºÏÇØ·Î õµÕÄ¡¸ç ³»·Á°£ ½ÃÀý »çÀÌ¿¡, ÇØ¾È¼± Áö¿ªÀÇ ±âÈÄ´Â Å©°Ô ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù.
| Away from
the ice the land and water life of the world was little changed.
Between the ice invasions the climate was about as mild as at present,
perhaps a little warmer. The glaciers were, after all, local phenomena,
though they spread out to cover enormous areas. The coastwise climate
varied greatly between the times of glacial inaction and those times
when enormous icebergs were sliding off the coast of Maine into
the Atlantic, slipping out through Puget Sound into the Pacific,
and thundering down Norwegian fiords into the North Sea. |
61:6.1 (700.2) ÀÌ ºùÇϱ⿡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø Å« »ç°ÇÀº ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀÇ ÁøÈ¿´´Ù. Àεµ¿¡¼ Á¶±Ý ¼ÂÊÀ¸·Î, Áö±ÝÀº ¹° ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¶¥¿¡¼, ¿À·¡ µÈ ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ¸®¸Ó Á¾·ùÀÇ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ À̹ΠÀÚ¼Õ »çÀÌ¿¡¼, ¿ø½Ã Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°ÀÌ °©Àڱ⠳ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¶±×¸¸ µ¿¹°Àº ´ëü·Î µÞ´Ù¸®·Î °É¾ú°í, ¸ö Å©±â¿¡ ºñÇØ¼, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ µ¿¹°ÀÇ µÎ³ú¿Í ºñ±³Çؼ, Å« µÎ³ú¸¦ ¼ÒÀ¯Çß´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ñ(ÙÍ) »ý¸íÀÇ 70´ë¿¡¼ »õ·Î¿î »ó±Þ Áý´ÜÀÇ µ¿¹°ÀÌ °©Àڱ⠺ÐÈÇß´Ù. ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î Áß°£ Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°ÀÌ¡ªÅ©±â¿Í ۰¡ ¼±Á¶ÀÇ °ÅÀÇ µÎ ¹è°¡ µÇ°í, ºñ·ÊÇØ¼ Ä¿Áø µÎ³ú·ÂÀ» °¡Á³´Ù¡ª°Ü¿ì ÀÚ¸®¸¦ Àß Àâ¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±×¶§ ¼¼ ¹øÂ°·Î °áÁ¤Àû µ¹¿¬ º¯ÀÌ, °ð ¿µÀå¸ñ(ÖÄíþÙÍ)ÀÌ °©Àڱ⠳ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. (¹Ù·Î À̶§, Áß°£ Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°ÀÇ Ç÷Åë ¾È¿¡¼ Åðº¸ÇÏ´Â ÁøÈ°¡ ¿ø¼þÀÌÀÇ Á¶»óÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù. ±×³¯ºÎÅÍ Áö±Ý±îÁö Àΰ£ÀÇ °¡Áö´Â Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î ÁøÈÇÏ¿© ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¬°í, ÇÑÆí ¿ø¼þÀÌ ºÎÁ·Àº Á¤Áö »óÅ¿¡ ³²¾Æ Àְųª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÈÄÅðÇÏ¿´´Ù.) | 6. Primitive Man in the Ice Age The great event of this glacial period was the evolution of primitive man. Slightly to the west of India, on land now under water and among the offspring of Asiatic migrants of the older North American lemur types, the dawn mammals suddenly appeared. These small animals walked mostly on their hind legs, and they possessed large brains in proportion to their size and in comparison with the brains of other animals. In the seventieth generation of this order of life a new and higher group of animals suddenly differentiated. These new mid-mammals¡ªalmost twice the size and height of their ancestors and possessing proportionately increased brain power¡ªhad only well established themselves when the Primates, the third vital mutation, suddenly appeared. (At this same time, a retrograde development within the mid-mammal stock gave origin to the simian ancestry; and from that day to this the human branch has gone forward by progressive evolution, while the simian tribes have remained stationary or have actually retrogressed.) | |
61:6.2 (700.3)
1,000,000³â Àü¿¡ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷ »ç´Â ¼¼°è·Î¼ µî·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù. Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¿µÀå¸ñÀÇ Ç÷Åë ¾È¿¡¼ µ¹¿¬ º¯À̰¡ °©ÀÚ±â
µÎ ¸íÀÇ ¿ø½Ã Àΰ£, ÀηùÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ Á¶»óÀ» »ý»êÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| 1,000,000
years ago Urantia was registered as an inhabited world. A mutation
within the stock of the progressing Primates suddenly produced two
primitive human beings, the actual ancestors of mankind. | |
61:6.3 (700.4)
ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº ºùÇÏÀÇ ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ÀüÁøÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¹«·Æ¿¡ ÀϾ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ Àڱذú Ȱ·ÂÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¾î·Á¿î ȯ°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼ ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¿¾
Á¶»óÀÌ Å¾°í ¹ø½ÄÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ »ýÁ¸ÀÚ, ¿¡½ºÅ°¸ðÀÎÀº Áö±Ýµµ Ȥµ¶ÇÑ ºÏ¹æ
±âÈÄ¿¡¼ »ì±â¸¦ ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù.
| This event
occurred at about the time of the beginning of the third glacial
advance; thus it may be seen that your early ancestors were born
and bred in a stimulating, invigorating, and difficult environment.
And the sole survivors of these Urantia aborigines, the Eskimos,
even now prefer to dwell in frigid northern climes. | |
61:6.4 (700.5)
Àΰ£Àº ºùÇϱâÀÇ ³¡ÀÌ °¡±î¿ï ¶§±îÁö, ¼¹Ý±¸¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºùÇϱ⠻çÀÌ¿¡ ±×µéÀº ¼ÂÊÀ¸·Î ÁöÁßÇØ µÑ·¹¸¦ Áö³ª°¬°í,
°ð À¯·´ ´ë·úÀ» ´©º³´Ù. ¼ À¯·´ÀÇ µ¿±¼¿¡¼, Àΰ£ÀÇ »À°¡ ¿´ë¿Í ºÏ±Ø µ¿¹°ÀÇ ÀÜÇØ¿Í ¼¯¿© ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥,
À̰ÍÀº ºùÇϰ¡ ÀüÁøÇϰí ÈÄÅðÇÏ´Â Èı⠽ô븦 ÅëÇØ¼ Á×, ÀÌ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ì¾ÒÀ½À» Áõ¾ðÇÑ´Ù.
| Human beings
were not present in the Western Hemisphere until near the close
of the ice age. But during the interglacial epochs they passed westward
around the Mediterranean and soon overran the continent of Europe.
In the caves of western Europe may be found human bones mingled
with the remains of both tropic and arctic animals, testifying that
man lived in these regions throughout the later epochs of the advancing
and retreating glaciers. |
61:7.1 (700.6) ºùÇϱ⠵¿¾È ³»³» ´Ù¸¥
Ȱµ¿ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ¾óÀ½ÀÇ È°µ¿Àº ºÏÂÊ À§µµ¿¡¼ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ Çö»óÀ» ¹«»öÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ¶¥ÀÇ ¾î´À ´Ù¸¥ Ȱµ¿µµ
±×·¯ÇÑ Æ¯Â¡À» °¡Áø Áõ°Å¸¦ ÁöÇü¿¡ ³²±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ƯÀÌÇÑ Ç¥¼®(ø÷à´)[2], ±×¸®°í ¶¥ÀÇ ±¸¸Û, È£¼ö, ¿Å°ÜÁø
µ¹, µ¹°¡·ç¿Í °°Àº ÁöÇ¥ÀÇ ºÐ¿ Çö»óÀº ÀÚ¿¬¿¡¼ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ Çö»ó°ú °ü·Ã ¾øÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾óÀ½Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ¿Ï¸¸ÇÑ
µ¹ÃâºÎ, °ð ºùÅð±¸(Þ¼÷ØÎø)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ÁöÇ¥ÀÇ Áøµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼µµ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ºùÇϰ¡ ÁøÇàÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ºùÇÏ´Â
°À» ¿Å±â°í Áö±¸ÀÇ ¾ó±¼ Àüü¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³õ´Â´Ù. ¿À·ÎÁö ºùÇϰ¡ ³»¸·À» ¾Ë¸®´Â Ç¥·ù¹°À»¡ªÁö»ó¤ýÃø¸é¤ý¸»´Ü ºùÅð¼®À»¡ª³²°Ü
³õ´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç¥·ù¹°, ƯÈ÷ Áö»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºùÅð¼®(Þ¼÷Øà´)Àº, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ µ¿ÂÊÀÇ ÇØ¾È ºÏºÎ¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ¼ÂÊÀ¸·Î
¿¬ÀåµÇ¸ç, À¯·´°ú ½Ãº£¸®¾Æ¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. | 7. The Continuing Ice Age Throughout the glacial period other activities were in progress, but the action of the ice overshadows all other phenomena in the northern latitudes. No other terrestrial activity leaves such characteristic evidence on the topography. The distinctive boulders and surface cleavages, such as potholes, lakes, displaced stone, and rock flour, are to be found in connection with no other phenomenon in nature. The ice is also responsible for those gentle swells, or surface undulations, known as drumlins. And a glacier, as it advances, displaces rivers and changes the whole face of the earth. Glaciers alone leave behind them those telltale drifts¡ªthe ground, lateral, and terminal moraines. These drifts, particularly the ground moraines, extend from the eastern seaboard north and westward in North America and are found in Europe and Siberia. | |
61:7.2 (701.1)
750,000³â Àü¿¡, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ Áß¾Ó ¹× µ¿ºÎ ºù¿ø(Þ¼ê«)ÀÌ ÇÕÃÄÁø ³Ý° ºù»óÀÌ ³²ÂÊÀ¸·Î ÇÑâ ÁøÇà Áß¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥,
ÀýÁ¤¿¡ ´ÞÇßÀ» ¶§ Àϸ®³ëÀÌÁÖ ³²ºÎ¿¡ À̸£·¶°í, ¹Ì½Ã½ÃÇÇ °À» 80ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ ¼ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿Å°Ü³õ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, µ¿ÂÊ¿¡¼ ¿ÀÇÏÀÌ¿À
°°ú Ææ½Ç¹Ù´Ï¾ÆÁÖ Áߺθ¸Å ³²ÂÊÀ¸·Î »¸¾ú´Ù.
| 750,000 years
ago the fourth ice sheet, a union of the North American central
and eastern ice fields, was well on its way south; at its height
it reached to southern Illinois, displacing the Mississippi River
fifty miles to the west, and in the east it extended as far south
as the Ohio River and central Pennsylvania. | |
61:7.3 (701.2)
¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ½Ãº£¸®¾Æ ºù»ó(Þ¼ßÉ)Àº °¡Àå ³²ÂÊÀ¸·Î Ãĵé¾î°¬°í, ÇÑÆí À¯·´¿¡¼ ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â ¾óÀ½Àº ¾ËÇÁ½º »êÀÇ À庮¿¡ ¹Ù·Î
¸ø ¹Ìó ¸ØÃß¾ú´Ù.
| In Asia the
Siberian ice sheet made its southernmost invasion, while in Europe
the advancing ice stopped just short of the mountain barrier of
the Alps. | |
61:7.4 (701.3)
500,000³â Àü¿¡, ¾óÀ½ÀÌ ´Ù¼¸ ¹øÂ°·Î ÀüÁøÇÏ´ø µ¿¾È¿¡, »õ·Î¿î »çŰ¡ Àΰ£ÀÇ ÁøÈ °úÁ¤À» °¡¼ÓÇß´Ù. °©ÀÚ±â,
ÇÑ ¼¼´ë¿¡, ¿©¼¸ À¯»ö ¹ÎÁ·ÀÌ ¿øÁֹΠÀΰ£ Ç÷ÅëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¹¿¬ º¯ÀÌ·Î »ý°å´Ù. À̶§´Â 2ÁßÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ ³¯Â¥ÀÌ´Ï, ±×¶§°¡
¶ÇÇÑ Ç༺ ¿µÁÖ°¡ µµÂøÇÑ °ÍÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
| 500,000 years
ago, during the fifth advance of the ice, a new development accelerated
the course of human evolution. Suddenly and in one generation the
six colored races mutated from the aboriginal human stock. This
is a doubly important date since it also marks the arrival of the
Planetary Prince. | |
61:7.5 (701.4)
ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â ´Ù¼¸Â° ºùÇÏ´Â ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ¸ðµÎ ¼¼ ¾óÀ½ Áß½ÉÀÇ ÇÕµ¿ ħ°øÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µ¿ÂÊ µ¹ÃâºÎ´Â
¼¼ÀÎÆ® ·Î·»½º °è°î ¹Ø¿¡ ª°Ô¸¸ »¸¾ú°í, ¼ÂÊÀÇ ºù»óÀº ³²ÇâÀ¸·Î °ÅÀÇ ÁøÃâÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Áß½ÉÀÇ µ¹ÃâºÎ´Â ³²ÂÊ¿¡
À̸£·¯ ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿ÍÁÖÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» µ¤¾ú´Ù. À¯·´¿¡¼ ÀÌ ¾óÀ½ ħ°øÀº Àü±âÀÇ °Í¸¸Å ³Î¸® ÆÛÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| In North America
the advancing fifth glacier consisted of a combined invasion by
all three ice centers. The eastern lobe, however, extended only
a short distance below the St. Lawrence valley, and the western
ice sheet made little southern advance. But the central lobe reached
south to cover most of the State of Iowa. In Europe this invasion
of the ice was not so extensive as the preceding one. | |
61:7.6 (701.5)
250,000³â Àü¿¡, ¿©¼¸Â°ÀÌÀÚ ¸¶Áö¸· ºùÇÏ È°µ¿ÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ºÏºÎ °íÁö°¡ Á¶±Ý °¡¶ó¾É±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ »ç½ÇÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥µµ,
À̶§´Â ºÏºÎ ºù¿ø¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å©°Ô ´«ÀÌ ½×ÀÎ ±â°£À̾ú´Ù.
| 250,000 years
ago the sixth and last glaciation began. And despite the fact that
the northern highlands had begun to sink slightly, this was the
period of greatest snow deposition on the northern ice fields. | |
61:7.7 (701.6)
ÀÌ Ä§°ø¿¡¼ ¼¼ °³ÀÇ Å« ºù»óÀº ÇϳªÀÇ ±¤´ëÇÑ ¾óÀ½ µ¢¾î¸®·Î ¹¶Ãưí, ¼ºÎÀÇ »êµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ ºùÇÏ È°µ¿¿¡ Âü¿©Çß´Ù.
À̰ÍÀº ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ¸ðµç ¾óÀ½ ħ°ø °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå ÄÇ´Ù. ¾óÀ½Àº ±× ¾Ð·Â Á߽ɵé·ÎºÎÅÍ 2,400ų·Î¹ÌÅͰ¡ ³Ñ°Ô ³²ÂÊÀ¸·Î
¿òÁ÷¿´°í, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â °¡Àå ³·Àº ±â¿ÂÀ» üÇèÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| In this invasion
the three great ice sheets coalesced into one vast ice mass, and
all of the western mountains participated in this glacial activity.
This was the largest of all ice invasions in North America; the
ice moved south over fifteen hundred miles from its pressure centers,
and North America experienced its lowest temperatures. | |
61:7.8 (701.7)
200,000³â Àü¿¡, ¸¶Áö¸· ºùÇϰ¡ ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡, À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ÀÏ¾î³ »ç°ÇµéÀÇ ÁøÇà°ú ¸¹ÀÌ »ó°üµÇ´Â »ç°Ç¡ª·ç½ÃÆÛ
¹Ý¶õ¡ªÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù.
| 200,000 years
ago, during the advance of the last glacier, there occurred an episode
which had much to do with the march of events on Urantia¡ªthe Lucifer
rebellion. | |
61:7.9 (701.8)
150,000³â Àü¿¡ ¿©¼¸Â°ÀÌÀÚ ¸¶Áö¸· ºùÇÏÀÇ ³²ÂÊ ¿¬Àå ºÎºÐÀÌ °¡Àå ¸Ö¸® ¹ÌÃÆ°í, ¼ºÎÀÇ ºù»óÀº ¸· Ä«³ª´Ù °æ°è¸¦
³Ñ¾ú´Ù. Áߺδ Ļ罺¤ý¹ÌÁ¶¸®¤ýÀϸ®³ëÀÌ·Î ³»·Á¿Ô°í, µ¿ÂÊ ºù»óÀº ³²ÂÊÀ¸·Î ÁøÇàÇϰí, Ææ½Ç¹Ù´Ï¾Æ¿Í ¿ÀÇÏÀÌ¿ÀÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀ»
³Ñ°Ô µ¤¾ú´Ù.
| 150,000 years
ago the sixth and last glacier reached its farthest points of southern
extension, the western ice sheet crossing just over the Canadian
border; the central coming down into Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois;
the eastern sheet advancing south and covering the greater portion
of Pennsylvania and Ohio. | |
61:7.10 (701.9)
À̰ÍÀº ¸¹Àº °ù, °ð ¾óÀ½ µ¹ÃâºÎ¸¦ ³»º¸³½ ºùÇÏÀε¥, ÀÌ µ¹ÃâºÎ´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ Å©°í ÀÛÀº È£¼ö¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ºùÇϰ¡
¹°·¯°¥ ¶§, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ±×·¹ÀÌÆ® ·¹ÀÌÅ©½º ü°è°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ÁöÁúÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ »çÅÂÀÇ ¿©·¯ ´Ü°è¸¦ ¾ÆÁÖ
Á¤È®È÷ Ãß·ÐÇߴµ¥, ´Ù¸¥ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ ÀÌ ¹° µ¢¾î¸®°¡ óÀ½¿¡´Â ¹Ì½Ã½ÃÇÇ À¯¿ªÀ¸·Î Èê·¯ µé¾î°¡°í, ´ÙÀ½¿¡ µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î Çê½¼
À¯¿ªÀ¸·Î °¬À¸¸ç, ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡´Â ºÏÂÊ ±æÀ» °æÀ¯ÇÏ¿© ¼¼ÀÎÆ® ·Î·»½º·Î Èê·¯°¬´Ù°í ¿Ç°Ô ÃßÃøÇß´Ù. ¿¬°áµÈ ±×·¹ÀÌÆ® ·¹ÀÌÅ©½º
ü°è°¡ ÇöÀçÀÇ ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó ±æ·Î ¹°À» ºñ¿ì±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ Áö´Â 3¸¸ 7õ ³âÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| This is the
glacier that sent forth the many tongues, or ice lobes, which carved
out the present-day lakes, great and small. During its retreat the
North American system of Great Lakes was produced. And Urantian
geologists have very accurately deduced the various stages of this
development and have correctly surmised that these bodies of water
did, at different times, empty first into the Mississippi valley,
then eastward into the Hudson valley, and finally by a northern
route into the St. Lawrence. It is thirty-seven thousand years since
the connected Great Lakes system began to empty out over the present
Niagara route. | |
61:7.11 (702.1)
100,000³â Àü¿¡, ¸¶Áö¸· ºùÇϰ¡ ¹°·¯³ª´Â µ¿¾È¿¡, ±¤´ëÇÑ ±ØÁöÀÇ ºù»óµéÀÌ ºñ·Î¼Ò Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú°í, ´©ÀûµÈ ¾óÀ½ÀÇ Áß½ÉÀÌ
»ó´çÈ÷ ºÏÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿Å°Ü°¬´Ù. ¹Ì·¡¿¡ À°Áö°¡ ¿Ã¶ó¿À°Å³ª ´ë¾çÀÇ ÇØ·ù°¡ ¼öÁ¤µÇ´Â °Í°ú »ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, ºÏ±Ø Áö¿ªÀÌ °è¼Ó ¾óÀ½À¸·Î
µ¤¿© ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ, ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ºùÇϱâ´Â µµÀúÈ÷ »ý±æ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
| 100,000 years
ago, during the retreat of the last glacier, the vast polar ice
sheets began to form, and the center of ice accumulation moved considerably
northward. And as long as the polar regions continue to be covered
with ice, it is hardly possible for another glacial age to occur,
regardless of future land elevations or modification of ocean currents. | |
61:7.12 (702.2)
ÀÌ ¸¶Áö¸· ºùÇÏ´Â 10¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È ÁøÇàÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú°í, ºÏÂÊÀ¸·Î ÈÄÅ𸦠¸¶Ä¡´Â µ¥´Â ºñ½ÁÇÑ ±æÀÌÀÇ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù. ¿Â´ë
Áö¹æÀº 5¸¸ ³âÀÌ Á¶±Ý ³Ñ°Ô ¾óÀ½¿¡¼ ÇØ¹æµÈ ä·Î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| This last glacier
was one hundred thousand years advancing, and it required a like
span of time to complete its northern retreat. The temperate regions
have been free from the ice for a little over fifty thousand years.
| |
61:7.13 (702.3)
°¡È¤ÇÑ ºùÇϱâ´Â ¸¹Àº Á¾ÀÚ¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö¹ö·È°í, ¼ö¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ Á¾À» ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î º¯È½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¿©·¯ Á¾ÀÌ À̸®Àú¸® ¿Å°Ü´Ù´ÔÀ¸·Î
»ÀÀú¸®°Ô ½Ã·ÃÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À̵¿Àº ³ª¾Æ°¡°í ¹°·¯³ª´Â ¾óÀ½ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶¥¿¡¼ ºùÇϸ¦ ¿Ô´Ù°¬´Ù µû¶ó´Ù´Ñ
µ¿¹°Àº °õ¤ýµé¼Ò¤ý¼ø·Ï¤ý»çÇâ¼Ò¤ý¸¾¸ð½º¤ý¸¶½ºÅäµ·À̾ú´Ù.
| The rigorous
glacial period destroyed many species and radically changed numerous
others. Many were sorely sifted by the to-and-fro migration which
was made necessary by the advancing and retreating ice. Those animals
which followed the glaciers back and forth over the land were the
bear, bison, reindeer, musk ox, mammoth, and mastodon. | |
61:7.14 (702.4)
¸¾¸ð½º´Â Ź Æ®ÀÎ ÃÊ¿øÀ» ã¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¸¶½ºÅäµ·Àº ½£ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¾Æ´ÁÇÑ °¡ÀåÀÚ¸®¸¦ ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù. ´ÊÀº ½ÃÀý±îÁö ¸¾¸ð½º´Â ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ
Ä«³ª´Ù±îÁö Èð¾îÁ³°í, ½Ãº£¸®¾Æ Á¾·ù´Â ÅзΠµ¤ÀÌ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹éÀÎÀÌ ³ªÁß¿¡ µé¼Ò¸¦ Á׿©¹ö¸° °Íó·³, ¸¶½ºÅäµ·Àº È«Àο¡°Ô
¸ê¸ÁµÉ ¶§±îÁö ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ¹öƼ¾ú´Ù.
| The mammoth
sought the open prairies, but the mastodon preferred the sheltered
fringes of the forest regions. The mammoth, until a late date, ranged
from Mexico to Canada; the Siberian variety became wool covered.
The mastodon persisted in North America until exterminated by the
red man much as the white man later killed off the bison. | |
61:7.15 (702.5)
ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼, ¸¶Áö¸· ºùÇÏ È°µ¿ÀÌ ÀÖ´ø µ¿¾È¿¡ ¸»¤ýŸÇǸ£¤ý¶ó¸¶, ±×¸®°í Ä®À̸¦ °¡Áø È£¶ûÀ̰¡ ¸êÁ¾µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µé
´ë½Å¿¡ ³ª¹«´Ãº¸¤ý¾Æ¸¶µô·Î¤ýÄ«ÇÇ¹Ù¶ó°¡ ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Ã¶ó¿Ô´Ù.
| In North America,
during the last glaciation, the horse, tapir, llama, and saber-toothed
tiger became extinct. In their places sloths, armadillos, and water
hogs came up from South America. | |
61:7.16 (702.6)
ÀüÁøÇÏ´Â ¾óÀ½ ¾Õ¿¡ °Á¦µÈ »ý¸íÀÇ À̵¿Àº ½Ä¹°°ú µ¿¹°ÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ È¥ÇÕÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×À¸¸ç, ¸¶Áö¸· ¾óÀ½ ħ°øÀÌ ¹°·¯³ªÀÚ, ºÏ±ØÀÇ
½Ä¹°°ú µ¿¹°ÀÇ ¸¹Àº Á¾ÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶² »êºÀ¿ì¸®µé¿¡ ³ôÀÌ ¹ö·ÁÁ³°í, °Å±â·Î ±×µéÀº ºùÇÏ·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¸ê¸ÁµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇÏ·Á°í ¿©ÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×·¡¼ ¿À´Ã³¯, ¿Å°ÜÁø ÀÌ ½Ä¹°°ú µ¿¹°À» À¯·´ÀÇ ¾ËÇÁ½º »êÀÇ ³ôÀº µ¥¼, ±×¸®°í ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¾ÆÆÈ¶óÄ¡¾Æ »ê¸Æ¿¡¼µµ
¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
| The enforced
migration of life before the advancing ice led to an extraordinary
commingling of plants and of animals, and with the retreat of the
final ice invasion, many arctic species of both plants and animals
were left stranded high upon certain mountain peaks, whither they
had journeyed to escape destruction by the glacier. And so, today,
these dislocated plants and animals may be found high up on the
Alps of Europe and even on the Appalachian Mountains of North America.
| |
61:7.17 (702.7)
ºùÇÏ ½Ã´ë´Â ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î Á¾°áµÈ ÁöÁúÇÐ ±â°£, À̸¥¹Ù È«Àû¼¼(ûóîàá¦)À̰í, ±æÀÌ´Â 2¹é¸¸ ³âÀÌ ³Ñ¾ú´Ù.
| The ice age
is the last completed geologic period, the so-called Pleistocene,
over two million years in length. | |
61:7.18 (702.8)
35,000³â ÀüÀº Ç༺ÀÇ ±ØÁö¸¦ Á¦Ãijõ°í, Å« ºùÇÏ ½Ã´ëÀÇ Á¾¸»À» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÃÁ¡Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ¹°Áú ¾ÆµéµþÀÇ µµÂø°ú,
¾Æ´ã ¼·¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ¿¡ °¡±î¿ì¹Ç·Î Áß¿äÇϸç, À̰ÍÀº ´ëü·Î ÃæÀû¼¼(õøîÝá¦), °ð ºùÇÏ ÀÌÈÄ ½Ã±â°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ °Í¿¡
ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù.
| 35,000 years
ago marks the termination of the great ice age excepting in the
polar regions of the planet. This date is also significant in that
it approximates the arrival of a Material Son and Daughter and the
beginning of the Adamic dispensation, roughly corresponding to the
beginning of the Holocene or postglacial period. | |
61:7.19 (702.9)
Æ÷À¯µ¿¹° »ý¸íÀÌ ´ëµÎµÈ ¶§ºÎÅÍ ¾óÀ½ÀÌ ¹°·¯°¥ ¶§±îÁö, ±×¸®°í À¯»ç(êóÞÈ) ½Ã´ë±îÁö °è¼Ó À̾îÁö´Â ÀÌ À̾߱â´Â, °ÅÀÇ
5õ¸¸ ³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£´Ù. À̶§´Â ¸¶Áö¸·¡ªÇöÀ硪ÁöÁúÇÐ ±â°£À̰í, ³ÊÈñÀÇ ÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô´Â ½Å»ý´ë(ãæßæÓÛ) ¶Ç´Â ±Ù¼¼ ½Ã´ë¶ó°í
¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| This narrative,
extending from the rise of mammalian life to the retreat of the
ice and on down to historic times, covers a span of almost fifty
million years. This is the last-the current-geologic period and
is known to your researchers as the Cenozoic or recent-times era.
| |
61:7.20 (702.10)
[°ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ÇÑ »ý¸í ¿î¹ÝÀÚ°¡ ÈÄ¿øÇÏ¿´´Ù.]
| [Sponsored
by a Resident Life Carrier.] |