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60 Æí
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60: Urantia During the Early Land-Life Era | |
60:0.1 (685.1)
ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í¸¸ÀÌ »ì´ø ½Ã´ë´Â ³¡³µ´Ù. À°Áö°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁö°í, ²®ÁúÀÌ ½Ä°í ´ë¾çÀÌ ½Ä´Â °Í, ¹Ù´Ù°¡ Á¦ÇÑµÇ°í ±×¿¡ µû¶ó ±í¾îÁø
°ÍÀº ºÏÂÊ À§µµ¿¡¼ ¶¥ÀÌ Å©°Ô ´Ã¾î³ °Í°ú ¾Æ¿ï·¯, Àûµµ(îåÔ³) Áö´ë·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø ¸ðµç Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ¼¼°èÀÇ ±âÈĸ¦
º¯È½ÃÅ°µµ·Ï ¸ðµÎ ÇÔ²² Å©°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| The era of
exclusive marine life has ended. Land elevation, cooling crust and
cooling oceans, sea restriction and consequent deepening, together
with a great increase of land in northern latitudes, all conspired
greatly to change the world's climate in all regions far removed
from the equatorial zone. | |
60:0.2 (685.2)
¾Õ¼± ½Ã±âÀÇ ¸»±â´Â ÂüÀ¸·Î °³±¸¸® ½Ã´ë¿´Áö¸¸, À°Áö ôÃß µ¿¹°ÀÇ ÀÌ Á¶»óÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ Áö¹èÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, »ó´çÈ÷ ÁÙ¾îµç
¹«¸®·Î¼ »ì¾Æ³²¾Ò´Ù. ±Ø¼Ò¼öÀÇ Á¾·ù°¡ ÀÌÀüÀÇ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ¼ö³±âÀÇ ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ½Ã·ÃÀ» À̰ܳ´Ù. Æ÷ÀÚ(øàí)¸¦ Áö´Ñ ½Ä¹°Á¶Â÷µµ
°ÅÀÇ ¸êÁ¾ÇØ ¹ö·È´Ù.
| The closing
epochs of the preceding era were indeed the age of frogs, but these
ancestors of the land vertebrates were no longer dominant, having
survived in greatly reduced numbers. Very few types outlived the
rigorous trials of the preceding period of biologic tribulation.
Even the spore-bearing plants were nearly extinct. |
1. The Early Reptilian Age The erosion deposits of this period were mostly conglomerates, shale, and sandstone. The gypsum and red layers throughout these sedimentations over both America and Europe indicate that the climate of these continents was arid. These arid districts were subjected to great erosion from the violent and periodic cloudbursts on the surrounding highlands. | ||
60:1.2 (685.4)
ÀÌ ÁöÃþ¿¡¼ ȼ®Àº °ÅÀÇ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ÅÍÀ̳ª, »ç¾Ï¿¡¼ À°Áö ÆÄÃæ·ùÀÇ ¼ö¸¹Àº ¹ßÀÚ±¹ÀÌ °üÂûµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ Áö¿ª¿¡¼
ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ºÓÀº »ç¾Ï ÅðÀû¹° 300¹ÌÅÍ´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ȼ®À» Ç°Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. À°Áö µ¿¹°ÀÇ »ý¸íÀº °Ü¿ì ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¾î¶² ºÎºÐ¿¡¼¸¸
°è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Few fossils
are to be found in these layers, but numerous sandstone footprints
of the land reptiles may be observed. In many regions the one thousand
feet of red sandstone deposit of this period contains no fossils.
The life of land animals was continuous only in certain parts of
Africa. | |
60:1.3 (685.5)
ÀÌ ÅðÀû¹°Àº µÎ²²°¡ 900¹ÌÅÍ¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ 3000¹ÌÅͱîÁö µÇ¸ç, ÅÂÆò¾ç Çؾȿ¡¼´Â 5,400¹ÌÅͱîÁö µÈ´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ ¿ë¾ÏÀÌ
ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ÁöÃþ »çÀÌ¿¡ ÅõÀԵǾú´Ù. Çê½¼ °ÀÇ Æȸ®¼¼À̵å´Â ÀÌ Æ®¶óÀ̾ƽº±â ÁöÃþ »çÀÌ¿¡ Çö¹«¾Ï ¿ë¾ÏÀÌ µ¹ÃâÇÏ¿© Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù.
È»êÀÇ È°µ¿Àº ¼¼°èÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| These deposits
vary in thickness from 3,000 to 10,000 feet, even being 18,000 on
the Pacific coast. Lava was later forced in between many of these
layers. The Palisades of the Hudson River were formed by the extrusion
of basalt lava between these Triassic strata. Volcanic action was
extensive in different parts of the world. | |
60:1.4 (685.6)
À¯·´, ƯÈ÷ µ¶ÀÏ°ú ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ÅðÀû¹°ÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À×±Û·£µå¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½ÅÀû»ö(ãæîåßä) »ç¾ÏÀº ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡
¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ħÀÔÇÑ °á°ú·Î¼ ³²ÂÊ ¾ËÇÁ½º¿¡¼ ¼®È¸¼®ÀÌ ½×¿´°í, ±× Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ƯÀÌÇÑ ¹é¿î¾Ï(ÛÜê£äÛ) ¼®È¸¼® º®¤ýºÀ¿ì¸®¤ý±âµÕÀÌ
µÈ °ÍÀ» ÀÌÁ¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÁöÃþÀº ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ Àü¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¹ß°ßµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Ä«¶ó¶ó ´ë¸®¼®Àº ±×·¯ÇÑ
º¯Á¶µÈ ¼®È¸¼®À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý±ä´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀüÇô ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ³²ºÎ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ÅÍÀε¥, ÀÌ´Â
´ë·úÀÇ ±× ºÎºÐÀÌ ¹° ¹Ø¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú°í, µû¶ó¼ ±× ÀÌÀü°ú ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹°¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÅðÀû¹°, °ð Çؾç ÅðÀû¹°À»
³»³õ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
| Over Europe,
especially Germany and Russia, may be found deposits of this period.
In England the New Red Sandstone belongs to this epoch. Limestone
was laid down in the southern Alps as the result of a sea invasion
and may now be seen as the peculiar dolomite limestone walls, peaks,
and pillars of those regions. This layer is to be found all over
Africa and Australia. The Carrara marble comes from such modified
limestone. Nothing of this period will be found in the southern
regions of South America as that part of the continent remained
down and hence presents only a water or marine deposit continuous
with the preceding and succeeding epochs. | |
60:1.5 (686.1)
150,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ¼¼°è ¿ª»ç¿¡¼ Ãʱâ À°Áö »ý¸íÀÇ ½Ã´ë°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ý¸íÀº Àß °ßµðÁö ¸øÇßÁö¸¸,
ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í ½Ã±âÀÇ ¹÷Â÷°í ³ÃȤÇÑ ¸»±âº¸´Ù ´õ Àß °ßµð¾ú´Ù.
| 150,000,000
years ago the early land-life periods of the world's history began.
Life, in general, did not fare well but did better than at the strenuous
and hostile close of the marine-life era. | |
60:1.6 (686.2)
ÀÌ ½Ã´ë°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÇÀÚ, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ µ¿ºÎ¿Í ÁߺÎ, ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ºÏÂÊ Àý¹Ý, À¯·´ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐ, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ Àüü°¡
¹° À§·Î ½â ³ª¿Í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â óÀ½À¸·Î Áö¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î °í¸³µÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ±×·¸Áö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â º£¸µ ÇØÇùÀÇ
À°Áö ´Ù¸®°¡ °ð ´Ù½Ã ¼Ú¾Æ³ª¼ ±× ´ë·úÀ» ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿Í ¿¬°áÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
| As this era
opens, the eastern and central parts of North America, the northern
half of South America, most of Europe, and all of Asia are well
above water. North America for the first time is geographically
isolated, but not for long as the Bering Strait land bridge soon
again emerges, connecting the continent with Asia. | |
60:1.7 (686.3)
ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ Å« °ñÂ¥±âµéÀÌ »ý°å°í, À̰͵éÀº ´ë¼¾ç°ú ÅÂÆò¾ç ÇؾȰú ÆòÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. µ¿ºÎ ÄÚ³ØƼÄÆÆ®ÀÇ Å« ´ÜÃþÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ°í,
ÇÑÂÊÀº °á±¹ 3.2ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ °¡¶ó¾É¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« °ñÂ¥±âÀÇ ´Ù¼ö´Â, »ê Áö¿ªÀÇ ¹Î¹°À̳ª §¹° È£¼öÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÐÁöó·³,
ħ½ÄÀ¸·Î »ý±ä ħÀü¹°·Î ³ªÁß¿¡ ä¿öÁ³´Ù. ä¿öÁø ÀÌ ²¨Áø ¶¥ ºÎºÐÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ÁöÇÏ¿¡¼ ÀÏ¾î³ ¿ë¾ÏÀÇ È帧À¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿©
Å©°Ô ³ô¾ÆÁ³´Ù. ¿©·¯ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¼®È¸²(à´ûù×ù)Àº ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù.
| Great troughs
developed in North America, paralleling the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts. The great eastern-Connecticut fault appeared, one side eventually
sinking two miles. Many of these North American troughs were later
filled with erosion deposits, as also were many of the basins of
the fresh- and salt-water lakes of the mountain regions. Later on,
these filled land depressions were greatly elevated by lava flows
which occurred underground. The petrified forests of many regions
belong to this epoch. | |
60:1.8 (686.4)
ÅÂÆò¾ç ÇؾÈÀº ´ë·úÀÌ Ä§¼öµÈ µ¿¾È¿¡ º¸Åë ¹° À§¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, Ä®¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ³²ºÎ¿Í Áö±ÝÀÇ ÅÂÆò¾ç¿¡¼ ±×¶§ Á¸ÀçÇß´ø Å«
¼¶ Çϳª¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, ³»·Á°¬´Ù. °í´ëÀÇ ÀÌ Ä®¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡´Â ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇß°í, µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î »¸¾î¼ Áß¼ºÎ Áö¿ªÀÇ
¿À·¡ µÈ ¹Ù´Ù ºÐÁö¿Í ¿¬°áÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| The Pacific
coast, usually above water during the continental submergences,
went down excepting the southern part of California and a large
island which then existed in what is now the Pacific Ocean. This
ancient California sea was rich in marine life and extended eastward
to connect with the old sea basin of the midwestern region. | |
60:1.9 (686.5)
140,000,000³â Àü¿¡, °©ÀÚ±â, ¾Õ¼± ½Ã±â¿¡ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ °³¹ßµÈ µÎ ÆÄÃæ·ù ÀÌÀü Á¶»óÀÌ ÁØ ¾Ï½Ã¸¸ ¹Þ°í¼,
ÆÄÃæ·ù°¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹ßÀ°µÈ ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. À̰͵éÀº »¡¸® ¹ß´ÞÇß°í ±Ý¹æ, ¾Ç¾î, ºñ´Ã ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÃæ·ù, ±×¸®°í °á±¹¿¡´Â
¹Ù´Ù¹ì°ú ³ª¸£´Â ÆÄÃæ·ù¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̰͵éÀÇ °úµµ±â Á¶»óÀº ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ »ç¶óÁ³´Ù.
| 140,000,000
years ago, suddenly and with only the hint of the two prereptilian
ancestors that developed in Africa during the preceding epoch, the
reptiles appeared in full-fledged form. They developed rapidly,
soon yielding crocodiles, scaled reptiles, and eventually both sea
serpents and flying reptiles. Their transition ancestors speedily
disappeared. | |
60:1.10 (686.6)
»¡¸® ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ÆÄÃæ·ù °ø·æÀº °ð ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ±ºÁÖ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. °ø·æÀº ¾ËÀ» ³º¾Ò°í, ÀÛÀº µÎ³ú·Î ¸ðµç µ¿¹°°ú ±¸º°µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥,
³ªÁß¿¡´Â 40ÅæÀ̳ª µÇ´Â ¸öÀ» °¡´©´Â µ¥ 0.5ų·Î±×¶÷ÀÌ Ã¤ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â µÎ³ú¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃʱâÀÇ ÆÄÃæ·ù´Â ´õ
ÀÛ¾Ò°í, À°½ÄÀ» ÇÏ¸ç µÞ´Ù¸®·Î IJ°¡·çó·³ °É¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¼ÓÀÌ ºó, »õ Á¾·ùÀÇ »À¸¦ °¡Á³°í, ³ªÁß¿¡´Â µÞ¹ß¿¡ ¼¼ ¹ß°¡¶ô¸¸
¹ß´Þ½ÃÄ״µ¥, ±×µéÀÇ ¸¹Àº ȼ® ¹ßÀÚ±¹Àº Å« »õµéÀÇ ¹ßÀÚ±¹À¸·Î À߸ø ÀνĵǾú´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ä½ÄÇÏ´Â °ø·æÀÌ ÁøÈÇß´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ³× ¹ß·Î °É¾ú°í, ÀÌ ¹«¸®ÀÇ ÇÑ °¡Áö´Â º¸È£ÇÏ´Â °©¿ÊÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù.
| These rapidly
evolving reptilian dinosaurs soon became the monarchs of this age.
They were egg layers and are distinguished from all animals by their
small brains, having brains weighing less than one pound to control
bodies later weighing as much as forty tons. But earlier reptiles
were smaller, carnivorous, and walked kangaroolike on their hind
legs. They had hollow avian bones and subsequently developed only
three toes on their hind feet, and many of their fossil footprints
have been mistaken for those of giant birds. Later on, the herbivorous
dinosaurs evolved. They walked on all fours, and one branch of this
group developed a protective armor. | |
60:1.11 (686.7)
¸î¹é¸¸ ³â µÚ¿¡ ù Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. À̰͵éÀº ŹÝ(÷ÃÚï)ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú°í À绡¸® ½ÇÆÐÀÛÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ÆǸíµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ
»ì¾Æ³²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Æ÷À¯µ¿¹° Á¾·ù¸¦ °³·®ÇÏ·Á°í ½ÇÇèÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ̾úÁö¸¸, À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ¼º°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
| Several million
years later the first mammals appeared. They were nonplacental and
proved a speedy failure; none survived. This was an experimental
effort to improve mammalian types, but it did not succeed on Urantia.
| |
60:1.12 (686.8)
ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀº º¯º¯Ä¡ ¾Ê¾Ò¾îµµ, ¹Ù´Ù°¡ »õ·ÎÀÌ Ä§ÀÔÇÔ°ú ´õºÒ¾î ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ °³¼±µÇ¾ú°í, ÀÌ Ä§ÀÔÀº ´Ù½Ã ¾èÀº ¹°¿¡¼
±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Çؾȼ±À» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. À¯·´°ú ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ µÑ·¹¿¡ ¾èÀº ¹°ÀÌ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸´Ï±î, °¡Àå dzºÎÇÑ È¼® ÁöÃþÀº ÀÌ ´ë·úµé
±Ùó¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é, Àεµ¿Í ³²ÅÂÆò¾ç ºÐÁöÀÇ ¼¶µé »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
È÷¸»¶ó¾ß¤ý½Ãº£¸®¾Æ¤ýÁöÁßÇØ Áö¿ªÀ» Á¶»çÇØ º¸¾Æ¶ó. ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í¿¡¼ ¶Ù¾î³ ÇÑ Æ¯¼ºÀº ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¾Ï¸ð³ªÀÌÆ® ¹«¸®°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ
°ÍÀ̾ú°í, À̵éÀÇ È¼® ÀÚÃë´Â Àü¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù.
| The marine
life of this period was meager but improved rapidly with the new
invasion of the sea, which again produced extensive coast lines
of shallow waters. Since there was more shallow water around Europe
and Asia, the richest fossil beds are to be found about these continents.
Today, if you would study the life of this age, examine the Himalayan,
Siberian, and Mediterranean regions, as well as India and the islands
of the southern Pacific basin. A prominent feature of the marine
life was the presence of hosts of the beautiful ammonites, whose
fossil remains are found all over the world. | |
60:1.13 (686.9)
130,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ¹Ù´Ù´Â °ÅÀÇ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ½Ãº£¸®¾Æ¿Í ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â º£¸µ ÇØÇùÀÇ À°Áö ´Ù¸®·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú´Ù.
dzºÎÇÏ°í µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀÌ Ä®¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÀÇ ÅÂÆò¾ç Çؾȿ¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³µ°í, °Å±â¼ 1õ Á¾ÀÌ ³Ñ´Â ¾Ï¸ð³ªÀÌÆ®°¡ »ó±ÞÀÇ µÎÁ··ù
ºÎ·ù·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ßÀüµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ »ý¸íÀÇ º¯È´Â °úµµÀûÀÌ°í Â÷Ãû ÀϾ´Âµ¥µµ, ÂüÀ¸·Î Çõ½ÅÀûÀ̾ú´Ù.
| 130,000,000
years ago the seas had changed very little. Siberia and North America
were connected by the Bering Strait land bridge. A rich and unique
marine life appeared on the Californian Pacific coast, where over
one thousand species of ammonites developed from the higher types
of cephalopods. The life changes of this period were indeed revolutionary
notwithstanding that they were transitional and gradual. | |
60:1.14 (687.1)
ÀÌ ±â°£Àº 2õ5¹é¸¸ ³âÀÌ ³Ñµµ·Ï ¿¬ÀåµÇ¸ç, Æ®¶óÀ̾ƽº±â·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| This period
extended over twenty-five million years and is known as the Triassic. |
60:2.1 (687.2) 120,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ÆÄÃæ·ù ½Ã´ëÀÇ »õ ±¹¸éÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ Å« »ç°ÇÀº °ø·æÀÌ ÁøÈÇÏ°í ¼è¸ÁÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. À°Áö µ¿¹°ÀÇ »ý¸íÀº Å©±â ¸é¿¡¼ ÃÖ´ë·Î ¹ß´ÞÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ³¡ÀÌ µÇÀÚ, Áö±¸ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼ °ÅÀÇ ¸ê¸ÁÇØ ¹ö·È´Ù. °ø·æÀº ±æÀÌ°¡ 60¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍ Ã¤ ¾È µÇ´Â Á¾À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, °Å´ëÇÏ°í À°½ÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ±æÀÌ°¡ 22.5¹ÌÅÍ µÇ´Â °ø·æ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¿Â°® Å©±â·Î ÁøÈÇߴµ¥, ±× µÚ·Î »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² »ý¹°µµ µ¢Ä¡ ¸é¿¡¼ °áÄÚ ÀÌ¿Í ¾î±ú¸¦ °ßÁÖÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. | 2. The Later Reptilian Age 120,000,000 years ago a new phase of the reptilian age began. The great event of this period was the evolution and decline of the dinosaurs. Land-animal life reached its greatest development, in point of size, and had virtually perished from the face of the earth by the end of this age. The dinosaurs evolved in all sizes from a species less than two feet long up to the huge noncarnivorous dinosaurs, seventy-five feet long, that have never since been equaled in bulk by any living creature. | |
60:2.2 (687.3)
°ø·æ °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå Å« °ÍÀº ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ¼ºÎ¿¡¼ ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ±«¹° ÆÄÃæ·ù´Â ·ÏÅ° »ê¸Æ Áö¿ª¿¡ µÎ·ç, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ
´ë¼¾ç ÇØ¾È ÀüºÎ¸¦ µû¶ó¼, ¼ À¯·´, ³² ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, ±×¸®°í Àεµ¿¡ ÆĹ¯Çô ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ¿¡´Â ¾ø´Ù.
| The largest
of the dinosaurs originated in western North America. These monstrous
reptiles are buried throughout the Rocky Mountain regions, along
the whole of the Atlantic coast of North America, over western Europe,
South Africa, and India, but not in Australia. | |
60:2.3 (687.4)
ÀÌ ÅÁ÷ÇÑ »ý¹°Àº ÀÚ²Ù Ä¿Áü¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ´õ¿í È°µ¿ÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé°í ¾àÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ø·æÀº ±×·¸°Ô ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ ¸ÔÀÌ°¡
ÇÊ¿äÇß°í, ¶¥ÀÌ À̵é·Î µé²ú¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ±ÛÀÚ ±×´ë·Î ±¾¾î Á×°í ¸êÁ¾µÇ¾ú´Ù¡ª±× »óȲÀ» À̰ܳ¾ Áö´ÉÀÌ ¸ðÀÚ¶ú´Ù.
| These massive
creatures became less active and strong as they grew larger and
larger; but they required such an enormous amount of food and the
land was so overrun by them that they literally starved to death
and became extinct-they lacked the intelligence to cope with the
situation. | |
60:2.4 (687.5)
¿À·§µ¿¾È ³ô¾ÆÁ³´ø ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« µ¿ºÎÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº, À̶§°¡ µÇÀÚ ÆòÆòÇØÁö°í ´ë¼¾çÀ¸·Î ¾Ä°Ü ³»·Á°¬À¸¸ç, ±×·¡¼ ÇؾÈÀº
Áö±Ýº¸´Ù ¸î¹é ų·Î¹ÌÅͳª ´õ ¸Ö¸® »¸¾ú´Ù. ´ë·úÀÇ ¼ºÎ´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ³ôÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó¿Í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ÀÌ Áö¿ªÁ¶Â÷ ³ªÁß¿¡ ºÏÂÊ ¹Ù´Ù¿Í
ÅÂÆò¾çÀÇ Ä§ÀÔÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í, ÅÂÆò¾çÀº µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î ´ÙÄÚŸÀÇ ºí·¢ Èú½º Áö¿ª±îÁö »¸¾ú´Ù.
| By this time
most of the eastern part of North America, which had long been elevated,
had been leveled down and washed into the Atlantic Ocean so that
the coast extended several hundred miles farther out than now. The
western part of the continent was still up, but even these regions
were later invaded by both the northern sea and the Pacific, which
extended eastward to the Dakota Black Hills region. | |
60:2.5 (687.6)
Äݷζ󵵤ý¸óŸ³ª¤ý¿ÍÀÌ¿À¹ÖÀÇ À̸¥¹Ù ¸ð¸®½¼ ÁöÃþ¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â dzºÎÇÑ ¹Î¹° ȼ®ÀÌ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Ù½ÃÇÇ, À̶§´Â ¹Î¹° ½Ã´ë¿´°í ±×
Ư¡Àº ¸¹Àº ³»·ú È£¼öÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÅëÇÕµÈ Â§¹° ¹× ¹Î¹° ÅðÀû¹°ÀÇ µÎ²²´Â 600¹ÌÅÍ¿¡¼ 1500¹ÌÅͱîÁö ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
ÀÌ ÁöÃþ¿¡´Â ¼®È¸¼®ÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù.
| This was a
fresh-water age characterized by many inland lakes, as is shown
by the abundant fresh-water fossils of the so-called Morrison beds
of Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming. The thickness of these combined
salt- and fresh-water deposits varies from 2,000 to 5,000 feet;
but very little limestone is present in these layers. | |
60:2.6 (687.7)
ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«·Î ¾ÆÁÖ ¹ØÀ¸·Î »¸Àº, ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ±ØÁöÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î °ð ÃâÇöÇÏ´Â ¾Èµ¥½º »ê¸ÆÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«
Àüü¸¦ µ¤¾ú´Ù. Áß±¹°ú ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¹°¿¡ Àá°åÁö¸¸, ¹°ÀÇ Ä§ÀÔÀº À¯·´¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÄÇ´Ù. µ¶ÀÏ ³²ºÎ¿¡¼ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î
¼®ÆÇ Àμ⿡ ¾²ÀÌ´Â µ¹ÀÌ ÀÌ Ä§¼ö ±â°£¿¡ ½×¿´´Âµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿¾ °ïÃæµéÀÇ ¾ÆÁÖ ¼¶¼¼ÇÑ ³¯°³¿Í °°Àº ȼ®ÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¾îÁ¦
ÀÖ¾ú´ø °Íó·³ º¸Á¸µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÁöÃþÀÌ´Ù.
| The same polar
sea that extended so far down over North America likewise covered
all of South America except the soon appearing Andes Mountains.
Most of China and Russia was inundated, but the water invasion was
greatest in Europe. It was during this submergence that the beautiful
lithographic stone of southern Germany was laid down, those strata
in which fossils, such as the most delicate wings of olden insects,
are preserved as of but yesterday. | |
60:2.7 (687.8)
ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ½Ä¹°»ó(ãÕÚªßÓ)Àº ¾Õ¼± ½Ã±âÀÇ °Í°ú ¹«Ã´ ºñ½ÁÇß´Ù. °í»ç¸®°¡ Áö¼ÓÇß°í, ħ¿±¼ö¿Í ¼Ò³ª¹«°¡ °¥¼ö·Ï ´õ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ
Á¾·ùó·³ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼®ÅºÀÌ ´õ·¯ ÁöÁßÇØ ºÏÂÊ ÇؾÈÀ» µû¶ó¼ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Çü¼ºµÇ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| The flora of
this age was much like that of the preceding. Ferns persisted, while
conifers and pines became more and more like the present-day varieties.
Some coal was still being formed along the northern Mediterranean
shores. | |
60:2.8 (687.9)
¹Ù´Ù°¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼ ±âÈÄ°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÁ³´Ù. »êÈ£´Â À¯·´ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ÆÛÁ³°í, ±âÈÄ°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿ÂÈÇÏ°í ÇÑ°á°°¾ÒÀ½À» Áõ¸íÇÏÁö¸¸, »êÈ£´Â
õõÈ÷ ½Ä´Â ±ØÁö¹æÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ °áÄÚ ´Ù½Ã ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÃÀýÀÇ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀº, ƯÈ÷ À¯·´ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼, Å©°Ô °³¼±µÇ°í
¹ßÀüÇß´Ù. »êÈ£¿Í °¹³ª¸®°¡ Áö±Ý±îÁöº¸´Ù Å« ¹«¸®·Î Àá½Ã ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Ï¸ð³ªÀÌÆ®°¡ ´ë¾ç¿¡¼ ¹«Ã´Ãß »ý¸íÀ» Áö¹èÇß°í
±× Æò±Õ Å©±â´Â 7.5¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍ¿¡¼ 10¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍ¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÇÑ Á¾Àº Áö¸§ÀÌ 2.4¹ÌÅͳª µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çظé(úØú)ÀÌ
¾îµð¿¡³ª ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¿À¡¾î¿Í ±¼ÀÌ °è¼ÓÇؼ ÁøÈÇß´Ù.
| The return
of the seas improved the weather. Corals spread to European waters,
testifying that the climate was still mild and even, but they never
again appeared in the slowly cooling polar seas. The marine life
of these times improved and developed greatly, especially in European
waters. Both corals and crinoids temporarily appeared in larger
numbers than heretofore, but the ammonites dominated the invertebrate
life of the oceans, their average size ranging from three to four
inches, though one species attained a diameter of eight feet. Sponges
were everywhere, and both cuttlefish and oysters continued to evolve. | |
60:2.9 (688.1)
110,000,000³â Àü¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇØ¾ç »ý¹°µéÀÌ °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© Àü°³µÇ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼º°Ô°¡ ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ¶Ù¾î³ µ¹¿¬ º¯ÀÌÀÇ
Çϳª¿´´Ù. °Ô¤ý¹Ù´Ù°¡Àç, ±×¸®°í Çö´ë Á¾·ùÀÇ °©°¢·ù°¡ ¼º¼÷Çß´Ù. ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ º¯È°¡ ¹°°í±â°ú¿¡¼ ÀϾ°í, ö°©»ó¾î Á¾·ù°¡
¸ÕÀú ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À°Áö ÆÄÃæ·ù·ÎºÎÅÍ ³»·Á¿Â »ç³ª¿î ¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿Â ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ µé²ú¾ú°í, ¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀº ¹°°í±â°ú Àüü¸¦
¸ê¸Á½ÃÅ°·Á°í À§ÇùÇß´Ù.
| 110,000,000
years ago the potentials of marine life were continuing to unfold.
The sea urchin was one of the outstanding mutations of this epoch.
Crabs, lobsters, and the modern types of crustaceans matured. Marked
changes occurred in the fish family, a sturgeon type first appearing,
but the ferocious sea serpents, descended from the land reptiles,
still infested all the seas, and they threatened the destruction
of the entire fish family. | |
60:2.10 (688.2)
À̶§´Â °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© ¶Ñ·ÇÀÌ, °ø·æÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿´´Ù. °ø·æÀÌ ¶¥¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª µé²ú¾î¼, µÎ Á¾ÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ħ½ÄÇÏ´Â ½Ã±â¿¡ ¸ÔÀ̸¦
¾òÀ¸·Á°í ¹°¿¡ ¶Ù¾îµé¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀº ÁøÈ¿¡¼ µÞ°ÉÀ½À» ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. »õ·Î¿î ¸î Á¾ÀÌ Áøº¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¾î¶² Ç÷ÅëÀº
°íÁ¤µÈ »óÅ·Π³²¾Æ ÀÖ°í, ´õ·¯´Â µÚ·Î À̲ø¸®¸ç ÀÌÀüÀÇ »óÅ·Πµ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÌ µÎ Á¾·ùÀÇ ÆÄÃæ·ù°¡ ¶¥À»
¹ö·ÈÀ» ¶§ ÀϾ´Ù.
| This continued
to be, pre-eminently, the age of the dinosaurs. They so overran
the land that two species had taken to the water for sustenance
during the preceding period of sea encroachment. These sea serpents
represent a backward step in evolution. While some new species are
progressing, certain strains remain stationary and others gravitate
backward, reverting to a former state. And this is what happened
when these two types of reptiles forsook the land. | |
60:2.11 (688.3)
¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀº ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ªÀÚ Å©°Ô ÀÚ¶ó¼ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ´À·ÁÁ³°í, °á±¹¿¡´Â ¸ê¸ÁÇߴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀÌ Å« µÎ³ú°¡ ¾ø¾î¼ ¾öû³
¸öÀ» º¸È£ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ ¾î·æ(åà×£)Àº ¶§¶§·Î ±æÀÌ°¡ 15¹ÌÅÍ µÇ°Ô ÀÚ¶ú°í, ´ë´Ù¼ö´Â ±æÀÌ°¡ 10.5¹ÌÅÍ
³ÑÀº °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀε¥µµ, ¹Ù´Ù¹ìÀÇ µÎ³ú´Â ¹«°Ô°¡ 56±×¶÷µµ ä µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÇØ¾ç ¾Ç¾îµµ À°Áö Á¾·ùÀÇ ÆÄÃæ·ù·ÎºÎÅÍ º¹±ÍÇÑ
°ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ¹Ù´Ù¹ì°ú ´Þ¸®, ÀÌ µ¿¹°Àº ¾ËÀ» ³ºÀ¸·Á°í ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¶¥À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù.
| As time passed,
the sea serpents grew to such size that they became very sluggish
and eventually perished because they did not have brains large enough
to afford protection for their immense bodies. Their brains weighed
less than two ounces notwithstanding the fact that these huge ichthyosaurs
sometimes grew to be fifty feet long, the majority being over thirty-five
feet in length. The marine crocodilians were also a reversion from
the land type of reptile, but unlike the sea serpents, these animals
always returned to the land to lay their eggs. | |
60:2.12 (688.4)
ÀÚü¸¦ º¸Á¸ÇÏ·Á´Â ¾µµ¥¾ø´Â ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Î µÎ Á¾ÀÇ °ø·æÀÌ ¹°·Î ¿Å°Ü°£ µÚ¿¡ °ð, ¶¥¿¡¼ »ç´Â »ýÈ°ÀÇ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ °æÀï ¶§¹®¿¡,
´Ù¸¥ µÎ Á¾·ù°¡ °øÁßÀ¸·Î ¹Ð·Á³µ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª¸£´Â ÀÌ ÀÍ·æ(ìÏ×£)Àº ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ÁøÂ¥ »õÀÇ Á¶»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. À̰͵éÀº »À
¼ÓÀÌ ºó ¶Ù´Â °ø·æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁøÈÇß°í, ±× ³¯°³´Â ÆîÄ¡¸é 6¹ÌÅÍ¿¡¼ 7.5¹ÌÅÍ°¡ µÇ´Â, ¹ÚÁã °°Àº ÇüÅ¿´´Ù. ³¯¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â
ÀÌ °í´ë(ͯÓÛ)ÀÇ ÆÄÃæ·ù´Â ±æÀÌ°¡ 3¹ÌÅÍ µÇµµ·Ï ÀÚ¶ú°í, Çö´ëÀÇ ¹ìÀÇ °Í°ú ¹«Ã´ ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô, ºÐ¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÅÎÀ» °¡Á³´Ù.
Çѵ¿¾È ÀÌ ³¯¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â ÆÄÃæ·ù´Â ¼º°øÀÎ µíÇßÁö¸¸, °øÁßÀ» ³¯¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â Àڷμ »ýÁ¸ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â °æ·Î¸¦ µû¶ó¼ ÁøÈÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
À̰͵éÀº »ì¾Æ³²Áö ¾ÊÀº »õ Á¶»óÀÇ Ç÷ÅëÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù.
| Soon after
two species of dinosaurs migrated to the water in a futile attempt
at self-preservation, two other types were driven to the air by
the bitter competition of life on land. But these flying pterosaurs
were not the ancestors of the true birds of subsequent ages. They
evolved from the hollow-boned leaping dinosaurs, and their wings
were of batlike formation with a spread of twenty to twenty-five
feet. These ancient flying reptiles grew to be ten feet long, and
they had separable jaws much like those of modern snakes. For a
time these flying reptiles appeared to be a success, but they failed
to evolve along lines which would enable them to survive as air
navigators. They represent the nonsurviving strains of bird ancestry.
| |
60:2.13 (688.5)
¹Ù´Ù°ÅºÏÀº ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ´Ã¾î³µ°í, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ óÀ½À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ Á¶»óÀº ºÏÂÊÀÇ À°Áö ´Ù¸®¸¦ °ÅÃļ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ·ÎºÎÅÍ
³Ñ¾î¿Ô´Ù.
| Turtles increased
during this period, first appearing in North America. Their ancestors
came over from Asia by way of the northern land bridge. | |
60:2.14 (688.6)
1¾ï ³â Àü¿¡ ÆÄÃæ·ù ½Ã´ë°¡ ¸·À» ³»¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °ø·æÀº, ¾öû³ µ¢Ä¡¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© °ÅÀÇ ¸Ó¸®°¡ ¾ø´Â µ¿¹°À̾ú°í, ±×·¯ÇÑ
¾öû³ ¸ö¿¡ ¿µ¾çÀ» °ø±ÞÇϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇÒ Áö´ÉÀÌ ¸ðÀÚ¶ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ´À¸° ÀÌ À°Áö ÆÄÃæ·ùÀÇ ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ´Â ¼ö°¡
Ç×»ó ´Ã¾î³µ´Ù. ±×¶§ºÎÅÍ ÁøÈ´Â µ¢Ä¡ÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µÎ³úÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» µû¸¦ °ÍÀÌ°í, µÎ³úÀÇ ¹ß´ÞÀº µ¿¹°ÀÇ ÁøÈ¿Í Ç༺ÀÇ
Áøº¸¿¡¼ µÚµû¸£´Â ½Ã´ëÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ³ªÅ¸³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| One hundred
million years ago the reptilian age was drawing to a close. The
dinosaurs, for all their enormous mass, were all but brainless animals,
lacking the intelligence to provide sufficient food to nourish such
enormous bodies. And so did these sluggish land reptiles perish
in ever-increasing numbers. Henceforth, evolution will follow the
growth of brains, not physical bulk, and the development of brains
will characterize each succeeding epoch of animal evolution and
planetary progress. | |
60:2.15 (688.7)
ÆÄÃæ·ùÀÇ ÀýÁ¤°ú ¼è¸ÁÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â °ÅÀÇ 2õ5¹é¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú°í, ÁÖ¶ó±â¶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| This period,
embracing the height and the beginning decline of the reptiles,
extended nearly twenty-five million years and is known as the Jurassic.
|
60:4.1 (691.4) ´ë´ÜÇÑ ¹é¾Ç±â°¡ ¸·À» ³»¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±× Á¾¸»Àº ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ´ë·ú ´ëħ°øÀÌ ³¡³ °ÍÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡ °üÇؼ Âü¸»Àε¥, °Å±â¿¡´Â ²À 24¹ø Å« ¹ü¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ »ç¼ÒÇÑ Ä§¼ö(öØâ©)°¡ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ÀÌ Áß¿¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÀÌ ½Ã´ë¿Í ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ëÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°í ±æ¾ú´ø ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ Ä§·«°ú ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¶¥°ú ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ¹ø°¥¾Æ Áö¹èÇÏ´ø ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â 1¹é¸¸ ³âÀÇ ÁÖ±â·Î ÀϾ´Ù. ´ë¾çÀÇ ¹Ù´Ú°ú ´ë·ú ¼öÁØÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¿À¸£³»¸²°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ¸®µëÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¸®µë ÀÖ´Â ²®ÁúÀÇ ¿îµ¿Àº À̶§ºÎÅÍ ÁÙ°ð, Áö±¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç Àüü¸¦ ÅëÇؼ Á×, ±×·¯³ª ºóµµ¿Í ¹üÀ§°¡ ÁÙ¾îµé¸é¼ °è¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. | 4. The End of the Chalk Period The great Cretaceous period was drawing to a close, and its termination marks the end of the great sea invasions of the continents. Particularly is this true of North America, where there had been just twenty-four great inundations. And though there were subsequent minor submergences, none of these can be compared with the extensive and lengthy marine invasions of this and previous ages. These alternate periods of land and sea dominance have occurred in million-year cycles. There has been an agelong rhythm associated with this rise and fall of ocean floor and continental land levels. And these same rhythmical crustal movements will continue from this time on throughout the earth's history but with diminishing frequency and extent. | |
60:4.2 (691.5)
ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ´ë·úÀÇ ¶°µ¹ÀÌ°¡ ³¡³ª°í, À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ Çö´ëÀÇ »êµéÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ º¸¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ë·ú µ¢¾î¸®µéÀÇ
¾Ð·Â, ±×¸®°í ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ¶°µ¹ÀÌÀÇ ÀúÁöµÈ ¿îµ¿·®Àº »êÀ» ¸¸µå´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. »ê¸ÆÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â
µ¥ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ±Ùº»Àû ¿äÀÎÀº ±âÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ³·Àº ¶¥, °ð °ñÂ¥±âÀ̸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶¥ÀÇ Ä§½ÄÀ¸·Î »ý±ä ºñ±³Àû °¡º¿î ÅðÀû¹°°ú ÀÌÀü
½Ã´ëÀÇ Çؾç Ç¥·ù¹°·Î ä¿öÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. °¡º¿î ÀÌ ¶¥ Áö¿ªÀº µÎ²²°¡ ¶§¶§·Î 4,500¹ÌÅÍ¿¡¼ 6,000¹ÌÅÍ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
µû¶ó¼ ²®ÁúÀÌ ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯·Îµç ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, ÀÌ °¡º¿î Áö¿ªµéÀº ¸ÕÀú ±¸°ÜÁö°í, Á¢È÷°í, À§·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¡¼, Áö±¸ÀÇ
²®Áú¿¡¼³ª ȤÀº ²®Áú ¹Ø¿¡¼ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â, ½Î¿ì°í ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ¼¼·Â ¹× ¾Ð·ÂÀ» º¸»óÇÏ´Â Á¶Á¤À» Çã¶ôÇÑ´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¶¥ÀÇ
¹Ð¾î ¿Ã¸®±â´Â Á¢ÈûÀÌ ¾øÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ·ÏÅ° »ê¸ÆÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°£ °Í°ú ¿¬°üÇؼ, ÁöÇÏ¿¡¼, ¶Ç ÁöÇ¥¿¡¼, ¿©·¯ ÁöÃþÀÇ
¾öû³ À§·Î¹Ð¸²°ú ´õºÒ¾î, Á¢Èû°ú ±â¿ï¾îÁüÀÌ Å©°Ô ÀϾ´Ù.
| This period
also witnesses the end of the continental drift and the building
of the modern mountains of Urantia. But the pressure of the continental
masses and the thwarted momentum of their agelong drift are not
the exclusive influences in mountain building. The chief and underlying
factor in determining the location of a mountain range is the pre-existent
lowland, or trough, which has become filled up with the comparatively
lighter deposits of the land erosion and marine drifts of the preceding
ages. These lighter areas of land are sometimes 15,000 to 20,000
feet thick; therefore, when the crust is subjected to pressure from
any cause, these lighter areas are the first to crumple up, fold,
and rise upward to afford compensatory adjustment for the contending
and conflicting forces and pressures at work in the earth's crust
or underneath the crust. Sometimes these upthrusts of land occur
without folding. But in connection with the rise of the Rocky Mountains,
great folding and tilting occurred, coupled with enormous overthrusts
of the various layers, both underground and at the surface. | |
60:4.3 (692.1)
¼¼°è¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¿À·¡ µÈ »êµéÀº ¿À·¡ µÈ µ¿¼ ü°èÀÇ »êµé »çÀÌ¿¡, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿Í ±×¸°·£µå¿Í ºÏ À¯·´¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Áß³âÀÇ »êµéÀº
ÅÂÆò¾ç µÑ·¹ÀÇ Áý´Ü¿¡, ±×¸®°í À¯·´ÀÇ µÑ° µ¿¼ ü°è¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÈÄÀÚ´Â °ÅÀÇ °°Àº ¶§¿¡ »ý°å´Ù. ÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸§Àº
±æÀÌ°¡ °ÅÀÇ 16,000ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ°¡ µÇ°í, À¯·´À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼Àεµ Á¦µµÀÇ °íÁö·Î »¸´Â´Ù. °¡Àå ÀþÀº »êµéÀº ·ÏÅ° »ê¸Æ ü°è¿¡
ÀÖ°í, °Å±â¼ ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù µ¿¾È, ¶¥ÀÇ À¶±â°¡ ÀϾÁö¸¸ ´Ù¸¸ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ¿¬´Þ¾Æ µ¤¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ °íÁöµé °¡¿îµ¥ ´õ·¯´Â ¼¶À¸·Î
³²¾Ò´Ù. Áß³âÀÇ »êµéÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ°í ³ª¼, ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ »ê °íÁö°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁ³°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ÀÚ¿¬ ¿äÀÎÀÇ ÅëÇÕµÈ ¿¹¼ú·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ,
¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ·ÏÅ° »ê¸ÆÀ¸·Î Á¶°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| The oldest
mountains of the world are located in Asia, Greenland, and northern
Europe among those of the older east-west systems. The mid-age mountains
are in the circumpacific group and in the second European east-west
system, which was born at about the same time. This gigantic uprising
is almost ten thousand miles long, extending from Europe over into
the West Indies land elevations. The youngest mountains are in the
Rocky Mountain system, where, for ages, land elevations had occurred
only to be successively covered by the sea, though some of the higher
lands remained as islands. Subsequent to the formation of the mid-age
mountains, a real mountain highland was elevated which was destined,
subsequently, to be carved into the present Rocky Mountains by the
combined artistry of nature's elements. | |
60:4.4 (692.2)
ÇöÀç ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ·ÏÅ° »ê¸Æ Áö¿ªÀº ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¶¥ÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁø °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±× °íÁö´Â ħ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ÆòÆòÇÏ°Ô µÈ Áö
¿À·¡ µÇ¾ú°í, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ ´Ù½Ã ³ô¾ÆÁ³´Ù. ÇöÀç »ê¸ÆÀÇ ¾ÕÁÙÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ³ô¾ÆÁø ÃÖÃÊÀÇ »ê¸ÆÀÇ ÈçÀûÀÌ ³²Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÆÄÀÌÅ©½º
ºÀ¿ì¸®¿Í ·Õ½º ºÀ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ »ê È°µ¿ÀÇ ¶Ù¾î³ ¿¹À̸ç, »ê(ߣ) »ý¸í¿¡¼ µÎ ¼¼´ë, ¶Ç´Â ´õ Áö³ª¼ ¿¬ÀåµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ
ºÀ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Õ¼ ¸î Â÷·Ê ¹ü¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖ´ø µ¿¾È¿¡, ¹° À§¿¡¼ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ µé°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| The present
North American Rocky Mountain region is not the original elevation
of land; that elevation had been long since leveled by erosion and
then re-elevated. The present front range of mountains is what is
left of the remains of the original range which was re-elevated.
Pikes Peak and Longs Peak are outstanding examples of this mountain
activity, extending over two or more generations of mountain lives.
These two peaks held their heads above water during several of the
preceding inundations. | |
60:4.5 (692.3)
Áö¸®ÇÐ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ý¹°ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î, À̶§´Â ¶¥¿¡¼, ¶Ç ¹° ¹Ø¿¡¼ ÆĶõ ¸¹°í È°µ¿ÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´ø ½Ã´ë¿´´Ù. ¼º°Ô°¡ ´Ã¾î³µ°í,
ÇÑÆí »êÈ£¿Í °¹³ª¸®°¡ ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¾ÐµµÀû ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´ø ¾Ï¸ð³ªÀÌÆ®µµ ¶ÇÇÑ »¡¸® ¼èÅðÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¶¥¿¡¼ °í»ç¸®
½£Àº, ´ëü·Î ¼Ò³ª¹«, ±×¸®°í °Å´ëÇÑ »ï³ª¹«¸¦[2] Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, ´Ù¸¥ Çö´ëÀÇ ³ª¹«·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ±â°£ÀÇ ³¡ÀÌ µÇ±â±îÁö,
ŹÝ(÷ÃÚï)À» °¡Áø Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°ÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ ÁøÈÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, Èļ¼¿¡ ¹Ì·¡ Æ÷À¯µ¿¹° Á¾·ùÀÇ Ãʱâ Á¶»óÀÌ µîÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» À§ÇÏ¿©
»ý¹°ÇÐÀû ¹«´ë°¡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù.
*°¢ÁÖ[2] »ï³ª¹« : redwood (ºÓÀº ¹Ì±¹ »ï³ª¹«). | Biologically
as well as geologically this was an eventful and active age on land
and under water. Sea urchins increased while corals and crinoids
decreased. The ammonites, of preponderant influence during a previous
age, also rapidly declined. On land the fern forests were largely
replaced by pine and other modern trees, including the gigantic
redwoods. By the end of this period, while the placental mammal
has not yet evolved, the biologic stage is fully set for the appearance,
in a subsequent age, of the early ancestors of the future mammalian
types. | |
60:4.6 (692.4)
À°Áö »ý¸íÀÌ Ãʱ⿡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¶§·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÎÁ¾, ±×¸®°í ±×¿Í ³ª¶õÇÑ °¡ÁöµéÀÇ Á÷°è Á¶»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ ÃÖ±Ù ½Ã´ë±îÁö, ¼¼»óÀÇ
ÁøÈ¿¡¼ ±ä ½Ã´ë°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸·À» ³»¸°´Ù. ÀÌ ¹é¾Ç±â´Â 5õ¸¸ ³âÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í, À°Áö »ý¸í °¡¿îµ¥ Æ÷À¯µ¿¹° ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ëÀÇ
Á¾¸»À» ¾Ë¸®´Âµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº 1¾ï ³âÀÇ ±â°£¿¡ °ÉÄ¡¸ç, Áß»ý´ë (ñéßæÓÛ)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| And thus ends
a long era of world evolution, extending from the early appearance
of land life down to the more recent times of the immediate ancestors
of the human species and its collateral branches. This, the Cretaceous
age, covers fifty million years and brings to a close the premammalian
era of land life, which extends over a period of one hundred million
years and is known as the Mesozoic. | |
60:4.7 (692.5)
[»çŸ´Ï¾Æ¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÇ¾ú°í, Áö±Ý À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ È°µ¿ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ³×¹Ùµ· »ý¸í ¿î¹ÝÀÚ°¡ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù].
| [Presented
by a Life Carrier of Nebadon assigned to Satania and now functioning
on Urantia.] |