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59 Æí
| Paper
59 The Marine-Life Era on Urantia | |
59:0.1 (672.1)
¿ì¸®´Â À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¿ª»ç°¡ ¾à 10¾ï ³â Àü¿¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í ´ÙÀ½ 5´ë ½Ã±â¸¦ °ÅÃļ Àü°³µÈ´Ù°í º»´Ù:
| We reckon the
history of Urantia as beginning about one billion years ago and
extending through five major eras: | |
59:0.2 (672.2)
1. »ý¸í ÀÌÀü ½Ã±â´Â Ç༺ÀÌ ÇöÀç Å©±â¿¡ À̸¥ ¹«·ÆÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý¸íÀÌ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ÀâÀº ¶§±îÁö, óÀ½ 4¾ï 5õ¸¸ ³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£
±â°£ÀÌ´Ù. ³ÊÈñÀÇ ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ ±â°£À» ½Ã»ý´ë(ã·ßæÓÛ)·Î ºÒ·¯ ¿Ô´Ù.
| The prelife
era extends over the initial four hundred and fifty million years,
from about the time the planet attained its present size to the
time of life establishment. Your students have designated this period
as the Archeozoic. | |
59:0.3 (672.3)
2. »ý¸íÀÌ ½ÏÆ®´Â ½Ã±â´Â ±× ´ÙÀ½ 1¾ï 5õ¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È ÆîÃÄÁø´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â ¾Õ¿¡ »ý¸í ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ë, °ð ´ëº¯µ¿ ½Ã´ë¿Í
±× µÚ¿¡ »ó´çÈ÷ ´õ ¹ß´ÞµÈ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í ½Ã´ë »çÀÌ¿¡ ³¢¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â ³ÊÈñ ÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô ¿ø»ý´ë(ê«ßæÓÛ)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ®
ÀÖ´Ù.
| The life-dawn
era extends over the next one hundred and fifty million years. This
epoch intervenes between the preceding prelife or cataclysmic age
and the following period of more highly developed marine life. This
era is known to your researchers as the Proterozoic. | |
59:0.4 (672.4)
3. ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í ½Ã±â´Â ±× ´ÙÀ½ 2¾ï 5õ¸¸ ³âÀ» ä¿ì¸ç, ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô °í»ý´ë(ͯßæÓÛ)·Î °¡Àå Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| The marine-life
era covers the next two hundred and fifty million years and is best
known to you as the Paleozoic. | |
59:0.5 (672.5)
4. ½ÃÃÊ À°Áö »ý¸í ½Ã±â´Â ±× ´ÙÀ½ 1¾ï ³â µ¿¾È À̾îÁö¸ç, Áß»ý´ë(ñéßæÓÛ)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| The early land-life
era extends over the next one hundred million years and is known
as the Mesozoic. | |
59:0.6 (672.6)
5. Æ÷À¯ µ¿¹° ½Ã±â´Â ¸¶Áö¸· 5õ¸¸ ³âÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ½Ã±â´Â ½Å»ý´ë(ãæßæÓÛ)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| The mammalian
era occupies the last fifty million years. This recent-times era
is known as the Cenozoic. | |
59:0.7 (672.7)
ÀÌó·³ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í ½Ã±â´Â ³ÊÈñ Ç༺ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿¡¼ ¾à 4ºÐÀÇ 1À» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â ±ä ¿©¼¸ ±â°£À¸·Î ¼¼ºÐµÉ ¼ö Àִµ¥,
°¢ ±â°£Àº ÁöÁúÇÐ ºÐ¾ß¿Í »ý¹°ÇÐ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ Àß ±Ô¸íµÈ ¾î¶² ¹ßÀüÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
| The marine-life
era thus covers about one quarter of your planetary history. It
may be subdivided into six long periods, each characterized by certain
well-defined developments in both the geologic realms and the biologic
domains. | |
59:0.8 (672.8)
ÀÌ ½Ã±â°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§, ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ¹Ø¹Ù´Ú, ³Î¸® ÆÛÁø ´ë·úºØ, ±×¸®°í ÇØ¾È °¡±îÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ¾èÀº ºÐÁö´Â ¹«¼ºÇÑ ½Ä¹°·Î
µ¤¿© ÀÖ´Ù. Á»´õ °£´ÜÇÑ ¿ø½Ã ÇüÅÂÀÇ µ¿¹° »ý¸íÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¼±Çà(à»ú¼)ÇÏ´Â ½Ä¹° À¯±âü·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ßÀüµÇ¾ú°í, ÃʱâÀÇ µ¿¹°
À¯±âü´Â ¸¹Àº ³»·úÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ¿ø½Ã ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀ¸·Î ¹Ù±Û°Å¸± ¶§±îÁö, ¿©·¯ ¶¥ µ¢¾î¸®ÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Çؾȼ±À» µû¶ó¼ Â÷Ãû
ÁøÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ÃʱâÀÇ À¯±âü Áß¿¡ ±Ø¼Ò¼ö°¡ ²®ÁúÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ È¼®À¸·Î¼ º¸Á¸µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·±µ¥µµ
µÚÀÕ´Â ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Á¶Á÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀûÈù »ý¸í ±â·ÏÀ» º¸Á¸ÇÏ´Â, ±× À§´ëÇÑ ¡°µ¹ Ã¥¡±ÀÇ Ã³À½ ÀåµéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¹«´ë°¡ ÁغñµÇ¾î
ÀÖ´Ù.
| As this era
begins, the sea bottoms, the extensive continental shelves, and
the numerous shallow near-shore basins are covered with prolific
vegetation. The more simple and primitive forms of animal life have
already developed from preceding vegetable organisms, and the early
animal organisms have gradually made their way along the extensive
coast lines of the various land masses until the many inland seas
are teeming with primitive marine life. Since so few of these early
organisms had shells, not many have been preserved as fossils. Nevertheless
the stage is set for the opening chapters of that great "stone
book" of the life-record preservation which was so methodically
laid down during the succeeding ages. | |
59:0.9 (672.9)
ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ´ë·ú¿¡´Â Àüü ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í ½Ã±âÀÇ È¼®ÀÌ ¹ÚÈù ÅðÀû¹°ÀÌ ³î¶ø°Ôµµ dzºÎÇÏ´Ù. °¡Àå óÀ½¿¡ »ý±ä ¿À·¡ µÈ ÁöÃþÀº
³Î¸® ÆÛÁø ħ½Ä ÅðÀû¹° ¶§¹®¿¡, ¼±ÇàÇÏ´Â ½Ã±âÀÇ ÈÄ¹Ý ÁöÃþÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, ÀÌ ÅðÀû¹°Àº Ç༺ÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇÑ ÀÌ µÎ
´Ü°è¸¦ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÏ°Ô ºÐ¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
| The continent
of North America is wonderfully rich in the fossil-bearing deposits
of the entire marine-life era. The very first and oldest layers
are separated from the later strata of the preceding period by extensive
erosion deposits which clearly segregate these two stages of planetary
development. |
59:3.1 (676.5) 300,000,000³â
Àü¿¡ ¶¥ÀÌ °¡¶ó¾É´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Å« ½Ã±â°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. °í´ë ½Ç·ç¸®¾Æ±â ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ³²ÂÊ°ú ºÏÂÊÀ» ÇâÇÑ Ä§½ÄÀº À¯·´°ú ºÏ
¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» »ïÅ°·Á°í ÁغñÇÏ¿´´Ù. À°Áö´Â ¹Ù´Ù À§·Î ±×´ÙÁö ³ôÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼, Çؾȼ± µÑ·¹¿¡ ħÀü¹°ÀÌ
¸¹ÀÌ »ý±âÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¹Ù´Ù´Â ¼®È¸ ²®ÁúÀ» °¡Áø »ý¸íÀ¸·Î ¹Ù±Û°Å·È°í, ÀÌ Á¶°³ ²®ÁúÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù ¹Ø¹Ù´ÚÀ¸·Î ¶³¾îÁ®¼ ¾ÆÁÖ
µÎÅÍ¿î ¼®È¸¼® ÃþÀ» Â÷Ãû ½×¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¼®È¸¼® ħÀüÀ̸ç, ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î À¯·´°ú ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« Àüü¸¦
µ¤Áö¸¸, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸î ±ºµ¥¿¡¼¸¸ ¶¥°ÅÁ׿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ÀÌ °í´ë ¹ÙÀ§ ÃþÀÇ µÎ²²´Â Æò±Õ ¾à 300¹ÌÅÍ°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
ÀÌ Ä§Àü¹°ÀÇ ´Ù¼ö´Â ±× µÚ¿¡ ÇÑÂÊÀ¸·Î ±â¿ï¾îÁö°í ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸£°í ´ÜÃþÀÌ »ý±èÀ¸·Î Å©°Ô ¸ð½ÀÀÌ Àϱ׷¯Á³°í, ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ
Â÷µ¹¤ýÀÌÆǾϤý´ë¸®¼®À¸·Î º¯Çß´Ù.
| 3. The Second
Great Flood Stage 300,000,000 years ago another great period of land submergence began. The southward and northward encroachment of the ancient Silurian seas made ready to engulf most of Europe and North America. The land was not elevated far above the sea so that not much deposition occurred about the shore lines. The seas teemed with lime-shelled life, and the falling of these shells to the sea bottom gradually built up very thick layers of limestone. This is the first widespread limestone deposit, and it covers practically all of Europe and North America but only appears at the earth's surface in a few places. The thickness of this ancient rock layer averages about one thousand feet, but many of these deposits have since been greatly deformed by tilting, upheavals, and faulting, and many have been changed to quartz, shale, and marble. | |
59:3.2 (676.6)
À¯·´ ³²ºÎ¿Í ¸ÞÀÎ ÁÖ µ¿ºÎÀÇ Å« È»êµé¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í Äùº¤ÀÇ ¿ë¾Ï È帧À» Á¦Ãijõ°í, ¾Æ¹«·± ȼº¾ÏÀ̳ª ¿ë¾ÏÀÌ
ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ¹ÙÀ§ Ãþ¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. È»ê È°µ¿Àº ´ëü·Î Áö³µ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â ¹°¿¡ ħÀüÀÌ »ý±â´Â Àü¼º±â¿´°í, °ÅÀÇ
¶Ç´Â ¾Æ¹«·± »ê(ߣ)ÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| No fire rocks
or lava are found in the stone layers of this period except those
of the great volcanoes of southern Europe and eastern Maine and
the lava flows of Quebec. Volcanic action was largely past. This
was the height of great water deposition; there was little or no
mountain building. | |
59:3.3 (676.7)
290,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ´ëü·Î ´ë·úµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹°·¯³µ°í, µÑ·¯½Î´Â ´ë¾çµéÀÇ ¹Ø¹Ù´ÚÀº °¡¶ó¾É°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶¥
µ¢¾î¸®µéÀº ´Ù½Ã ¹°¿¡ Àá±â±â±îÁö °ÅÀÇ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¸ðµç ´ë·ú¿¡¼ ÃʱâÀÇ »ê ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú°í, ÀÌ ¶¥ ²®ÁúÀÇ
À¶±â °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå Å« °ÍÀº ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ È÷¸»¶ó¾ß, ±×¸®°í Å« Ä®·¹µµ´Ï¾Æ »ê¸ÆÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ½ºÄàÆ®·£µå¸¦
°ÅÃļ ½ºÇÍÃ÷¹ö°Õ±îÁö »¸´Â´Ù.
| 290,000,000
years ago the sea had largely withdrawn from the continents, and
the bottoms of the surrounding oceans were sinking. The land masses
were little changed until they were again submerged. The early mountain
movements of all the continents were beginning, and the greatest
of these crustal upheavals were the Himalayas of Asia and the great
Caledonian Mountains, extending from Ireland through Scotland and
on to Spitzbergen. | |
59:3.4 (677.1)
ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¸ÅÀå¹°¿¡´Â °¡½º¤ý±â¸§¤ý¾Æ¿¬¤ý³³ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¸ç, °¡½º¿Í ±â¸§Àº ¾Õ¼ À°Áö°¡ °¡¶ó¾ÉÀ» ¶§ ¹ØÀ¸·Î ³»·Á°£ ±²ÀåÇÑ
ÁýÇÕÀÇ ½Ä¹° ¹× µ¿¹° ¹°Áú·ÎºÎÅÍ ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù. ÇÑÆí ¸ÅÀåµÈ ±¤¹°Àº ´À¸° ¼ö¿ª(â©æ´)ÀÇ Ä§Àü¹°À» ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹ÙÀ§
¼Ò±Ý ¸ÅÀå¹°ÀÌ ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù.
| It is in the
deposits of this age that much of the gas, oil, zinc, and lead are
found, the gas and oil being derived from the enormous collections
of vegetable and animal matter carried down at the time of the previous
land submergence, while the mineral deposits represent the sedimentation
of sluggish bodies of water. Many of the rock salt deposits belong
to this period. | |
59:3.5 (677.2)
»ï¿±ÃæÀÌ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ÁÙ¾îµé°í ¹«´ëÀÇ Áß½ÉÀº ´õ Å« ¿¬Ã¼ µ¿¹°, °ð µÎÁ··ù(Ôéðë×¾)°¡ Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù. ÀÌ µ¿¹°Àº ±æÀÌ°¡ 4.6¹ÌÅÍ,
Áö¸§ÀÌ 30¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍ°¡ µÇ°Ô ÀÚ¶ú°í, ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Á¾(ðú)ÀÇ µ¿¹°Àº °©Àڱ⠳ªÅ¸³ª¼ ¹Ù´Ù »ý¸íÀ» Áö¹èÇß´Ù.
| The trilobites
rapidly declined, and the center of the stage was occupied by the
larger mollusks, or cephalopods. These animals grew to be fifteen
feet long and one foot in diameter and became masters of the seas.
This species of animal appeared suddenly and assumed dominance of
sea life. | |
59:3.6 (677.3)
ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ Å« È»ê È°µ¿Àº À¯·´ ±¸¿ª¿¡¼ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÁöÁßÇØ °ñ µÑ·¹¿¡, ±×¸®°í ƯÈ÷ ¿µ±¹ Á¦µµ ±Ùó¿¡¼ ÀÌÁ¦ »ý±ä °Í°ú
°°ÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ¸Í·ÄÇÏ°í ³Î¸® ÆÛÁø È»êÀÇ ºÐÃâÀº ¼ö¹é¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿µ±¹ Á¦µµ Áö¿ª À§·Î ÆÛÁø
¿ë¾ÏÀÇ È帧Àº µÎ²²°¡ 7600¹ÌÅͳª µÇ°Ô ¿ë¾Ï°ú ¹ÙÀ§°¡ ¹ø°¥¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ÃþÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ¾èÀº ¹Ù´Ù ¹Ø¹Ù´Ú À§¿¡ ÆÛÁø,
À̵û±Ý¾¿ »ý±â´Â ¿ë¾Ï È帧ÀÌ ÀÌ ¹ÙÀ§µéÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú°í, ÀÌó·³ ¹ÙÀ§ ¸ÅÀå¹°°ú ¼¯¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹Ù´Ù À§·Î
³ôÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ¿Ã¶ú´Ù. ¸Í·ÄÇÑ ÁöÁøÀÌ ºÏ À¯·´¿¡¼, ƯÈ÷ ½ºÄàÆ®·£µå¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Ù.
| The great volcanic
activity of this age was in the European sector. Not in millions
upon millions of years had such violent and extensive volcanic eruptions
occurred as now took place around the Mediterranean trough and especially
in the neighborhood of the British Isles. This lava flow over the
British Isles region today appears as alternate layers of lava and
rock 25,000 feet thick. These rocks were laid down by the intermittent
lava flows which spread out over a shallow sea bed, thus interspersing
the rock deposits, and all of this was subsequently elevated high
above the sea. Violent earthquakes took place in northern Europe,
notably in Scotland. | |
59:3.7 (677.4)
Çؾ缺 ±âÈÄ´Â ¿ÂÈÇÏ°í º¯Ä¡ ¾ÊÀº ä·Î ÀÖ¾ú°í, µûµíÇÑ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ±ØÁöÀÇ ÇؾÈÀ» Àû¼Ì´Ù. ¿ÏÁ· µ¿¹°°ú ±âŸ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀÇ
ȼ®ÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ºÏ±Ø±îÁö, ÀÌ ÅðÀû¹°¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¹Á··ù¤ý¿ÏÁ··ù¤ýÇظé, ±×¸®°í »êÈ£Ãʸ¦ ¸¸µå´Â »êÈ£°¡ ÁÙ°ð ´Ã¾î³µ´Ù.
| The oceanic
climate remained mild and uniform, and the warm seas bathed the
shores of the polar lands. Brachiopod and other marine-life fossils
may be found in these deposits right up to the North Pole. Gastropods,
brachiopods, sponges, and reef-making corals continued to increase.
| |
59:3.8 (677.5)
ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ³¡¿¡´Â ½Ç·ç¸®¾Æ±âÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ µÎ ¹ø°·Î ÀüÁøÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±¸°æÇϸç, ³²ÂÊ°ú ºÏÂÊ ´ë¾çÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ¶Ç ÇÑ ¹ø ¼·Î
¼¯ÀδÙ. µÎÁ··ù°¡ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ°í, ÇÑÆí °ü·ÃµÈ »ý¸í ÇüÅ°¡ Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ°í ºÐȵȴÙ.
| The close of
this epoch witnesses the second advance of the Silurian seas with
another commingling of the waters of the southern and northern oceans.
The cephalopods dominate marine life, while associated forms of
life progressively develop and differentiate. | |
59:3.9 (677.6)
280,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ¿©·¯ ´ë·úÀÌ ½Ç·ç¸®¾Æ±âÀÇ µÑ° ¹ü¶÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ëü·Î ¼Ú¾Æ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô °¡¶ó¾ÉÀº ¹ÙÀ§ ÅðÀû¹°Àº
ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó ¼®È¸¼®À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ ¹ÙÀ§ Ãþ À§·Î ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó ÆøÆ÷°¡ Áö±Ý È帣±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹ÙÀ§ ÃþÀº µ¿ÂÊ »ê¸ÆÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Ì½Ã½ÃÇÇ ° À¯¿ª±îÁö »¸Áö¸¸, ³²ÂÊÀ» »©°í, ¼ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¸Ö¸® ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸î ÃþÀÌ
Ä«³ª´Ù¿¡, ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ÀϺÎ, ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ, ±×¸®°í À¯·´ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐ¿¡ ¿¬ÀåµÇÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó °è¿ÀÇ Æò±Õ µÎ²²´Â
¾à 200¹ÌÅÍ°¡ µÈ´Ù. ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó ÅðÀû¹° ¹Ù·Î À§¿¡¼ ¿ª¾Ï, ÀÌÆǾÏ, ¹ÙÀ§ ¼Ò±ÝÀÇ ÁýÇÕü°¡ ¿©·¯ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼öµµ
ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 2Â÷ ħÀüÀÌ ´©ÀûµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼Ò±ÝÀº Å« °³ÆÞ¿¡ Á¤ÂøµÇ¾ú°í, ÀÌ °³ÆÞÀº ¹ø°¥¾Æ¼ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ¿·È´Ù°¡ ³ªÁß¿¡
´ÜÀýµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿ë¾× ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹°Áú°ú ÇÔ²² ¼Ò±ÝÀÌ ÅðÀûµÇ¸é¼ Áõ¹ßÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ¾î¶² Áö¿ª¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ ¹ÙÀ§
¼Ò±Ý ¹Ù´ÚÀÇ µÎ²²°¡ 21¹ÌÅͳª µÈ´Ù.
| 280,000,000
years ago the continents had largely emerged from the second Silurian
inundation. The rock deposits of this submergence are known in North
America as Niagara limestone because this is the stratum of rock
over which Niagara Falls now flows. This layer of rock extends from
the eastern mountains to the Mississippi valley region but not farther
west except to the south. Several layers extend over Canada, portions
of South America, Australia, and most of Europe, the average thickness
of this Niagara series being about six hundred feet. Immediately
overlying the Niagara deposit, in many regions may be found a collection
of conglomerate, shale, and rock salt. This is the accumulation
of secondary subsidences. This salt settled in great lagoons which
were alternately opened up to the sea and then cut off so that evaporation
occurred with deposition of salt along with other matter held in
solution. In some regions these rock salt beds are seventy feet
thick. | |
59:3.10 (677.7)
±âÈÄ´Â °í¸£°í µûµíÇϸç, ÇؾçÀÇ È¼®µéÀº ±ØÁö¿¡¼ ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ½Ã±â°¡ ³¡³¯ ¶§°¡ µÇ¾î¼, ¹Ù´Ù´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô
Â¥¼ °ÅÀÇ ¾Æ¹« »ý¸íµµ »ì¾Æ³²Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
| The climate
is even and mild, and marine fossils are laid down in the arctic
regions. But by the end of this epoch the seas are so excessively
salty that little life survives. | |
59:3.11 (677.8)
½Ç·ç¸®¾Æ±âÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ħ¼ö°¡ ³¡³¯ ¹«·Æ¿¡, °¹³ª¸® ¼®È¸¼®ÀÇ ÅðÀû¹°¿¡¼ Áõ¸íµÇ´Ù½ÃÇÇ, ±ØÇÇ(оù«) µ¿¹°¡ª¹Ù´Ù³ª¸®¡ª°¡ Å©°Ô
´Ã¾î³µ´Ù. »ï¿±ÃæÀº °ÅÀÇ »ç¶óÁ® ¹ö·È°í ¿¬Ã¼(æãô÷) µ¿¹°ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼ ±ºÁÖ ³ë¸©À» °è¼ÓÇϸç, »êÈ£ÃÊ Çü¼ºÀÌ Å©°Ô ´Ã¾î³´Ù.
ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡, Á¶°ÇÀÌ À¯¸®ÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ ¿ø½ÃÀÇ ¹°Àü°¥ÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î ÁøÈÇÑ´Ù. ±× µÚ¿¡ ¾ó¸¶ ÀÖ´Ù°¡, °©ÀÚ±â Âü Àü°¥¡ª½ÇÁ¦·Î
°ø±â¸¦ ¼û½¬´Â °Í¡ªµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
| Toward the
close of the final Silurian submergence there is a great increase
in the echinoderms-the stone lilies-as is evidenced by the crinoid
limestone deposits. The trilobites have nearly disappeared, and
the mollusks continue monarchs of the seas; coral-reef formation
increases greatly. During this age, in the more favorable locations
the primitive water scorpions first evolve. Soon thereafter, and
suddenly, the true scorpions-actual air breathers-make their appearance.
| |
59:3.12 (678.1)
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ßÀüÀÌ 2õ5¹é¸¸ ³â¿¡ °ÉÃļ, Á¦3 ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í±â¸¦ ³¡¸¶ÃÆ°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ÊÈñ ÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô ½Ç·ç¸®¾Æ±â·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
| These developments
terminate the third marine-life period, covering twenty-five million
years and known to your researchers as the Silurian. |
5. The Crustal-Shifting
Stage The appearance of fish during the preceding period marks the apex of marine-life evolution. From this point onward the evolution of land life becomes increasingly important. And this period opens with the stage almost ideally set for the appearance of the first land animals. | ||
59:5.2 (680.4)
220,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ´ë·úÀÇ ¸¹Àº Áö¿ªÀº, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ, ¹° À§¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶¥Àº È·ÁÇÑ
½Ä¹°·Î µ¤¿´°í, À̶§´Â Á¤¸»·Î °í»ç¸® ½Ã´ë¿´´Ù. 2»êÈ Åº¼Ò°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ´ë±â¿¡ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, Á¤µµ°¡ ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù.
| 220,000,000
years ago many of the continental land areas, including most of
North America, were above water. The land was overrun by luxurious
vegetation; this was indeed the age of ferns. Carbon dioxide was
still present in the atmosphere but in lessening degree. | |
59:5.3 (680.5)
±× µÚ¿¡ ¾ó¸¶ ¾È µÇ¾î, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ Áß¾Ó ºÎºÐÀÌ ¹ü¶÷Çß°í, µÎ °³ÀÇ Å« ³»·úÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ´ë¼¾ç°ú ÅÂÆò¾ç
ÇؾÈÀÇ °íÁöµéÀº ÇöÀçÀÇ Çؾȼ±À» ¹Ù·Î ³Ñ¾î¼ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ´çÀå¿¡ ÇÕÃÄÁ³°í, ´Ù¸¥ »ý¸í ÇüŸ¦ ¼·Î ¼¯¾úÀ¸¸ç,
ÀÌ ÇØ¾ç µ¿¹°»ó(ÔÑÚªßÓ)ÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕÀº ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â ½Ã±â°¡ ½ÃÀ۵ǰí Â÷ÈÄÀÇ À°Áö »ý¸í ±â°£ÀÌ
½ÃÀ۵Ǵ °ÍÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇß´Ù.
| Shortly thereafter
the central portion of North America was inundated, creating two
great inland seas. Both the Atlantic and Pacific coastal highlands
were situated just beyond the present shore lines. These two seas
presently united, commingling their different forms of life, and
the union of these marine fauna marked the beginning of the rapid
and world-wide decline in marine life and the opening of the subsequent
land-life period. | |
59:5.4 (680.6)
210,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ¹°ÀÌ µûµíÇÑ ºÏ±ØÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í À¯·´ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» µ¤¾ú´Ù. ³²±ØÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í
¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¸®¾Æ¸¦ ¹ü¶÷Çß°í, ÇÑÆí ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ´Â ¾îÁö°£È÷ ³ô¾ÆÁ³´Ù.
| 210,000,000
years ago the warm-water arctic seas covered most of North America
and Europe. The south polar waters inundated South America and Australia,
while both Africa and Asia were highly elevated. | |
59:5.5 (680.7)
¹Ù´Ù°¡ °¡Àå ³ô¾ÆÁ³À» ¶§, »õ·Î¿î ÁøÈÀû ¹ßÀüÀÌ °©ÀÚ±â ÀϾ´Ù. µ¹¿¬È÷ ù À°Áö µ¿¹°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¶¥ À§³ª ¹°¿¡¼
»ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ µ¿¹°ÀÇ ¼ö¸¹Àº Á¾ÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °ø±â·Î ¼û½¬´Â ÀÌ ¾ç¼(Õ×ßø) µ¿¹°Àº ÀýÁö µ¿¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ßÀüµÇ¾ú°í, À̰͵éÀÌ
Çì¾öÄ¡´Â µ¥ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ºÎ·¹´Â ÇãÆÄ·Î ÁøÈÇß´Ù.
| When the seas
were at their height, a new evolutionary development suddenly occurred.
Abruptly, the first of the land animals appeared. There were numerous
species of these animals that were able to live on land or in water.
These air-breathing amphibians developed from the arthropods, whose
swim bladders had evolved into lungs. | |
59:5.6 (680.8)
¹Ù´ÙÀÇ Â§¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ À°Áö ´ÞÆØÀÌ, Àü°¥¤ý°³±¸¸®°¡ ±â¾î ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ °³±¸¸®´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¾ËÀ» ³º°í, ±× »õ³¢´Â
óÀ½¿¡ ÀÛÀº ¹°°í±â, °ð ¿ÃìÀ̷μ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â°£Àº ´ç¿¬È÷ °³±¸¸® ½Ã´ë¶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
| From the briny
waters of the seas there crawled out upon the land snails, scorpions,
and frogs. Today frogs still lay their eggs in water, and their
young first exist as little fishes, tadpoles. This period could
well be known as the age of frogs. | |
59:5.7 (680.9)
±× µÚ¿¡ °ð, °ïÃæÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ°í, °Å¹Ì¤ýÀü°¥¤ý¹ÙÄû¹ú·¹¤ý±Í¶Ñ¶ó¹Ì¤ý¸Þ¶Ñ±â¿Í ÇÔ²², ¼¼°èÀÇ ¿©·¯ ´ë·úÀ» °ð µÚµ¤¾ú´Ù.
ÀáÀÚ¸®´Â °¡·Î°¡ 76¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍ¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù. ¹ÙÄû¹ú·¹°¡ 1õ Á¾ÀÌ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú°í, ¾î¶² °ÍÀº ±æÀÌ°¡ 10¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅͱîÁö ÀÚ¶ú´Ù.
| Very soon thereafter
the insects first appeared and, together with spiders, scorpions,
cockroaches, crickets, and locusts, soon overspread the continents
of the world. Dragon flies measured thirty inches across. One thousand
species of cockroaches developed, and some grew to be four inches
long. | |
59:5.8 (680.10)
µÎ Áý´ÜÀÇ ±ØÇÇ(оù«) µ¿¹°ÀÌ Æ¯º°È÷ Àß ¹ß´ÞµÇ¾ú°í, À̰͵éÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ ½Ã´ë¸¦ ¾È³»Çϴ ȼ®ÀÌ´Ù. Á¶°³¸¦ ¸Ô°í »ç´Â
Å« »ó¾îµéÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ »ó´çÈ÷ ÁøÈÇß°í, 5¹é¸¸ ³âÀÌ ³Ñµµ·Ï ´ë¾çÀ» Áö¹èÇß´Ù. ±âÈÄ´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ µûµíÇÏ°í ¿ÂÈÇßÀ¸¸ç, Çؾç
»ý¸íÀº °ÅÀÇ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¹Î¹°°í±â°¡ ¹ß´ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, »ï¿±ÃæÀº ¸êÁ¾¿¡ ´Ù°¡°¡°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »êÈ£´Â µå¹°¾ú°í, °¹³ª¸®°¡
»ó´ç·®ÀÇ ¼®È¸¼®À» ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼¼·ÃµÈ °ÇÃà¿ë ¼®È¸¼®ÀÇ ÃþÀº ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ½×¿´´Ù.
| Two groups
of echinoderms became especially well developed, and they are in
reality the guide fossils of this epoch. The large shell-feeding
sharks were also highly evolved, and for more than five million
years they dominated the oceans. The climate was still mild and
equable; the marine life was little changed. Fresh-water fish were
developing and the trilobites were nearing extinction. Corals were
scarce, and much of the limestone was being made by the crinoids.
The finer building limestones were laid down during this epoch.
| |
59:5.9 (681.1)
¸¹Àº ³»·ú ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ¹°Àº ¼®È¸¿Í ±âŸ ±¤¹°À» ¸¹ÀÌ Ç°°í ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸¹Àº Çؾç Á¾ÀÚÀÇ Áøº¸¿Í ¹ß´ÞÀ» Å©°Ô ¹æÇØÇß´Ù.
µ¹ÀÌ ³Î¸® ÅðÀûµÇ´Â °á°ú·Î¼, °á±¹ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ¸¼¾ÆÁ³´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¹Àº ¾î¶² °÷¿¡¼ ¾Æ¿¬°ú ³³À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
| The waters
of many of the inland seas were so heavily charged with lime and
other minerals as greatly to interfere with the progress and development
of many marine species. Eventually the seas cleared up as the result
of an extensive stone deposit, in some places containing zinc and
lead. | |
59:5.10 (681.2)
ÀÌ Ãʱ⠼®Åº ½Ã´ëÀÇ ÅðÀû¹°Àº µÎ²²°¡ 150¹ÌÅÍ¿¡¼ 600¹ÌÅÍ°¡ µÇ¾ú°í, »ç¾Ï¤ýÀÌÆǾϤý¼®È¸¼®À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù. °¡Àå
¿À·¡ µÈ ÁöÃþÀº, ¸¹Àº ÀÚ°¥°ú ºÐÁöÀÇ Ä§Àü¹°°ú ÇÔ²², À°Áö ¹× ÇØ¾ç µ¿¹°°ú ½Ä¹°ÀÇ È¼®À» »êÃâÇÑ´Ù. ´õ ¿À·¡ µÈ ÀÌ
ÁöÃþ¿¡´Â ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼®ÅºÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. À¯·´ Àü¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃļ ÀÌ ÅðÀû¹°Àº ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ½×ÀÎ °Í°ú ¹«Ã´
ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.
| The deposits
of this early Carboniferous age are from 500 to 2,000 feet thick,
consisting of sandstone, shale, and limestone. The oldest strata
yield the fossils of both land and marine animals and plants, along
with much gravel and basin sediments. Little workable coal is found
in these older strata. These depositions throughout Europe are very
similar to those laid down over North America. | |
59:5.11 (681.3)
ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ³¡ ¹«·Æ¿¡, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¶¥ÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸£±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Àá½Ã ÁßÁöµÇ¾ú°í, ¹Ù´Ù°¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼ ÀÌÀü ¹Ù´ÚÀÇ
¹Ý °¡·®À» µ¤¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹ü¶÷Àº ª¾Ò°í, ¶¥ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº °ð, ¹° À§·Î ¾¦ ¼Ú¾Æ¿Ã¶ú´Ù. ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¸¦ °æÀ¯Çؼ
À¯·´°ú ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Toward the
close of this epoch the land of North America began to rise. There
was a short interruption, and the sea returned to cover about half
of its previous beds. This was a short inundation, and most of the
land was soon well above water. South America was still connected
with Europe by way of Africa. | |
59:5.12 (681.4)
ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â º¸ÁÖ¤ý½´¹Ù¸£Ã÷¹ßÆ®[3]¤ýÀ¯¶ö »ê¸ÆÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¿À·¡ µÈ ´Ù¸¥ »ê¸ÆµéÀÇ ±×·çÅͱⰡ ¿µ±¹°ú À¯·´
Àü¿ª¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
*°¢ÁÖ [3] ½´¹Ù¸£Ã÷¹ßÆ® : Black Forest (Schwarzwald), µ¶ÀÏ ³²¼ºÎÀÇ »ï¸² Áö´ë. | This epoch
witnessed the beginning of the Vosges, Black Forest, and Ural mountains.
Stumps of other and older mountains are to be found all over Great
Britain and Europe. | |
59:5.13 (681.5)
200,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ¼®Åº±â(à´÷©Ñº)¿¡¼ Á¤¸»·Î È°¹ßÇÑ ´Ü°è°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±âº¸´Ù ¾Õ¼ 2õ¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È,
´õ À̸¥ ¼®Åº ÅðÀû¹°ÀÌ ½×ÀÌ°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ ³Î¸® ¼®ÅºÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â È°µ¿ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¼®ÅºÀÌ ½×ÀÌ´Â
½Ã±âÀÇ ±æÀÌ´Â 2õ5¹é¸¸ ³âÀÌ Á¶±Ý ³Ñ¾ú´Ù.
| 200,000,000
years ago the really active stages of the Carboniferous period began.
For twenty million years prior to this time the earlier coal deposits
were being laid down, but now the more extensive coal-formation
activities were in process. The length of the actual coal-deposition
epoch was a little over twenty-five million years. | |
59:5.14 (681.6)
ÇØ¾ç ¹Ù´ÚÀÇ È°µ¿À¸·Î »ý±â´Â ÇظéÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ ¶§¹®¿¡ À°Áö´Â Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¡°í ³»·Á°¡°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ²®ÁúÀÇ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¡ª¶¥ÀÌ
°¡¶ó¾É°í ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸£´Â °Í¡ªÀº ÇØ¾È ´ËÁö´ë¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹«¼ºÇÑ ½Ä¹°°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¼®Åº ÅðÀû¹°ÀÇ »ý»ê¿¡ ±â¿©Çß°í, ÀÌ
¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â ¼®Åº±â·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±âÈÄ´Â Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿ÂÈÇß´Ù.
| The land was
periodically going up and down due to the shifting sea level occasioned
by activities on the ocean bottoms. This crustal uneasiness-the
settling and rising of the land-in connection with the prolific
vegetation of the coastal swamps, contributed to the production
of extensive coal deposits, which have caused this period to be
known as the Carboniferous. And the climate was still mild the world
over. | |
59:5.15 (681.7)
¼®ÅºÃþÀº ÀÌÆǾϤý¹ÙÀ§¤ý¿ª¾Ï°ú ¹ø°¥¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÁßºÎ¿Í µ¿ºÎ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ¼®ÅºÃþÀº µÎ²²°¡ 12¹ÌÅÍ¿¡¼ 15¹ÌÅͱîÁö
´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ÅðÀû¹°ÀÇ ´Ù¼ö´Â ³ªÁß¿¡ ¶¥ÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁú ¶§ ¾Ä°Ü ³»·Á°¬´Ù. ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í À¯·´ÀÇ ¾î¶² ºÎºÐ¿¡¼,
¼®ÅºÀ» Ç°Àº ÁöÃþÀº µÎ²²°¡ 5,400¹ÌÅÍ µÈ´Ù.
| The coal layers
alternate with shale, stone, and conglomerate. These coal beds over
central and eastern United States vary in thickness from forty to
fifty feet. But many of these deposits were washed away during subsequent
land elevations. In some parts of North America and Europe the coal-bearing
strata are 18,000 feet in thickness. | |
59:5.16 (681.8)
ÇöÀç ¼®ÅºÃþ ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¡Åä(ïÄ÷Ï)¿¡¼ ³ª¹«°¡ ÀÚ¶õ °Í°ú °°ÀÌ, ³ª¹« »Ñ¸®ÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â ¼®ÅºÀÌ Áö±Ý ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×°÷¿¡¼
Çü¼ºµÇ¾úÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ¼®ÅºÀº ¾ÆµæÈ÷ ¸Õ ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¼ö··¿¡¼, ¶Ç ´Ë Çؾȿ¡¼ ÀÚ¶ó´ø ¹«¼ºÇÑ ½Ä¹°ÀÌ ¹° ¼Ó¿¡ º¸Á¸µÇ°í,
¾Ð·ÂÀ¸·Î ¼öÁ¤µÈ ÀÜÀçÀÌ´Ù. ¼®ÅºÃþÀº ÈçÈ÷ °¡½º¿Í ±â¸§, µÎ °¡Áö¸¦ Ç°´Â´Ù. Åäź(÷Ï÷©) ÁöÃþÀº ¿¾³¯ÀÇ ½Ä¹° ¼ºÀåÀÇ
ÀÜÀçÀ̸ç, Àû´çÇÑ ¾Ð·Â°ú ¿À» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¼®ÅºÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²î°ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¹«¿¬ÅºÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¼®Åºº¸´Ù ¾Ð·Â°ú ¿À» ´õ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
| The presence
of roots of trees as they grew in the clay underlying the present
coal beds demonstrates that coal was formed exactly where it is
now found. Coal is the water-preserved and pressure-modified remains
of the rank vegetation growing in the bogs and on the swamp shores
of this faraway age. Coal layers often hold both gas and oil. Peat
beds, the remains of past vegetable growth, would be converted into
a type of coal if subjected to proper pressure and heat. Anthracite
has been subjected to more pressure and heat than other coal. | |
59:5.17 (681.9)
ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¿©·¯ ÁöÃþ ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼®ÅºÃþÀº ¶¥ÀÌ ¸î ¹øÀ̳ª ³»·Á°¡°í ¿Ã¶ó°¬´Â°¡¸¦ °¡¸®Å°¸ç, ±× ¼ö´Â Àϸ®³ëÀÌ ÁÖ¿¡¼
10¹ø, Ææ½Ç¹Ù´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ¿¡¼ 20¹ø, ¾Ë¶ó¹Ù¸¶ ÁÖ¿¡¼ 35¹ø, Ä«³ª´Ù¿¡¼ 75¹ø¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ´Ù¸£´Ù. ¹Î¹°°ú ¹Ù´å¹°
ȼ®ÀÌ ¼®ÅºÃþ¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù.
| In North America
the layers of coal in the various beds, which indicate the number
of times the land fell and rose, vary from ten in Illinois, twenty
in Pennsylvania, thirty-five in Alabama, to seventy-five in Canada.
Both fresh- and salt-water fossils are found in the coal beds. | |
59:5.18 (682.1)
ÀÌ ½Ã±â¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ³»³», ³²ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ »ê¸ÆµéÀº È°µ¿ÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò°í, ¾Èµ¥½º¿Í ·ÏÅ° »ê¸Æ ³²ºÎÀÇ ¼±Á¶(à»ðÓ)°¡ ¿Ã¶ó°¬´Ù.
´ë¼¾ç°ú ÅÂÆò¾çÀÇ Å« ³ôÀº ÇØ¾È Áö¿ªÀÌ °¡¶ó¾É±â ½ÃÀÛÇß°í, °á±¹¿¡´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Ä§½ÄµÇ°í ¹°¿¡ Àá°Ü¼ µÎ ´ë¾çÀÇ Çؾȼ±Àº
´ëü·Î ÇöÀç À§Ä¡·Î ¹°·¯³µ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹ü¶÷±âÀÇ ÅðÀû¹°Àº µÎ²²°¡ Æò±Õ ¾à 300¹ÌÅÍ°¡ µÈ´Ù.
| Throughout
this epoch the mountains of North and South America were active,
both the Andes and the southern ancestral Rocky Mountains rising.
The great Atlantic and Pacific high coastal regions began to sink,
eventually becoming so eroded and submerged that the coast lines
of both oceans withdrew to approximately their present positions.
The deposits of this inundation average about one thousand feet
in thickness. | |
59:5.19 (682.2)
190,000,000³â Àü¿¡´Â ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¼®Åº±â ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ·ÏÅ° »ê¸Æ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ¼ÂÊÀ¸·Î »¸´Â °ÍÀÌ º¸¿´°í,
ÀÌ°Í¿¡´Â Ä®¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ºÏºÎ¸¦ ÅëÇؼ ÅÂÆò¾ç¿¡ À̸£´Â ¼ö·Î(â©ÖØ)°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Çؾȼ±ÀÌ °¥ÆÎÁúÆÎ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´ø ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ÇؾÈÀÇ
¶¥ÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸£°í ³»·Á°¨¿¡ µû¶ó¼, µÎ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í À¯·´ Àü¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃļ, ¼®ÅºÀÌ ÇÑ Ãþ ÇÑ Ãþ, °è¼ÓÇؼ ½×¿´´Ù.
| 190,000,000
years ago witnessed a westward extension of the North American Carboniferous
sea over the present Rocky Mountain region, with an outlet to the
Pacific Ocean through northern California. Coal continued to be
laid down throughout the Americas and Europe, layer upon layer,
as the coastlands rose and fell during these ages of seashore oscillations.
| |
59:5.20 (682.3)
180,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ¼®Åº±âÀÇ ¸·ÀÌ ³»·È°í, ÀÌ ±â°£¿¡ ¼®ÅºÀº ¼¼°è Àü¿ª¿¡¼¡ªÀ¯·´¤ýÀ嵤ýÁß±¹, ºÏ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«,
µÎ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼¡ªÇü¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼®Åº Çü¼º ½Ã±â°¡ ¸·À» ³»¸± ¶§, ¹Ì½Ã½ÃÇÇ ° À¯¿ª µ¿ÂÊÀÇ ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â ¼Ú¾Æ¿Ã¶ú°í,
ÀÌ ±¸¿ªÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ±× µÚ·Î Á×, ¹Ù´Ù À§¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À°Áö°¡ ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸£´ø ÀÌ ½Ã±â´Â ¾ÆÆȶóÄ¡¾Æ Áö¿ª¿¡¼, ¶Ç ¼ºÎ¿¡¼,
ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ Çö´ë »ê¸ÆµéÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ °ÍÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ¾Ë¶ó½ºÄ«¿Í Ä®¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿¡¼, ±×¸®°í À¯·´°ú ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ »ê¸ÆÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â
Áö¿ª¿¡¼, È»êµéÀÌ È°¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. µ¿ºÎ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í ¼ À¯·´Àº ±×¸°·£µå ´ë·úÀ» °ÅÃÄ ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| 180,000,000
years ago brought the close of the Carboniferous period, during
which coal had been formed all over the world¡ªin Europe, India,
China, North Africa, and the Americas. At the close of the coal¡ªformation
period North America east of the Mississippi valley rose, and most
of this section has ever since remained above the sea. This land-elevation
period marks the beginning of the modern mountains of North America,
both in the Appalachian regions and in the west. Volcanoes were
active in Alaska and California and in the mountain-forming regions
of Europe and Asia. Eastern America and western Europe were connected
by the continent of Greenland. | |
59:5.21 (682.4)
À°Áö°¡ ¼Ú¾Æ³ °ÍÀº Àü±â(îñÑ¢)ÀÇ Çؾ缺 ±âÈĸ¦ ºñ·Î¼Ò ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ°í, ±× ´ë½Å¿¡ ´ú µûµíÇÏ°í ´õ º¯µ¿ÇÏ´Â ´ë·ú¼º ±âÈÄ°¡
½ÃÀ۵ǵµ·Ï º¯È½ÃÄ×´Ù.
| Land elevation
began to modify the marine climate of the preceding ages and to
substitute therefor the beginnings of the less mild and more variable
continental climate. | |
59:5.22 (682.5)
ÀÌ ½ÃÀýÀÇ ½Ä¹°Àº Æ÷ÀÚ(øàí)¸¦ Ç°°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¹Ù¶÷Àº ÀÌ ¾¾µéÀ» ¸Ö¸®, ¶Ç ³Î¸® Æ۶߸± ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼®Åº±â ³ª¹«µéÀÇ
ÁÙ±â´Â º¸Åë ±× Áö¸§ÀÌ 2.1¹ÌÅÍ¿ä, Å°°¡ ÈçÈ÷ 37.5¹ÌÅÍ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çö´ëÀÇ °í»ç¸®´Â ÂüÀ¸·Î ÀÌ Áö³ª°£ ½Ã´ëÀÇ À¯¹°ÀÌ´Ù.
| The plants
of these times were spore bearing, and the wind was able to spread
them far and wide. The trunks of the Carboniferous trees were commonly
seven feet in diameter and often one hundred and twenty-five feet
high. The modern ferns are truly relics of these bygone ages. | |
59:5.23 (682.6)
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, À̶§´Â ¹Î¹° À¯±âü°¡ ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â ½Ã±â¿´°í, ÀÌÀüÀÇ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í¿¡ °ÅÀÇ º¯È°¡ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ
±â°£ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ Æ¯Â¡Àº °³±¸¸®¿Í ±× »çÃ̵éÀÌ °©Àڱ⠳ªÅ¸³ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼®Åº ½Ã´ëÀÇ »ý¸íÀÇ Æ¯Â¡Àº °í»ç¸®¿Í °³±¸¸®¿´´Ù.
| In general,
these were the epochs of development for fresh-water organisms;
little change occurred in the previous marine life. But the important
characteristic of this period was the sudden appearance of the frogs
and their many cousins. The life features of the coal age were ferns
and frogs. |
59:6.1 (682.7) ÀÌ ±â°£Àº ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í¿¡¼ ÁßÃß°¡ µÇ´Â ÁøÈÀû ¹ßÀüÀÌ ³¡³ª°í, ³ªÁß¿¡ À°Áö µ¿¹° ½Ã´ë·Î À̲ô´Â °úµµ±â°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÊÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. | 6. The Climatic
Transition Stage This period marks the end of pivotal evolutionary development in marine life and the opening of the transition period leading to the subsequent ages of land animals. | |
59:6.2 (682.8)
ÀÌ ½Ã´ë´Â »ý¸íÀÌ Å©°Ô °ï±ÃÇÏ°Ô µÈ ½Ã´ë¿´´Ù. ¼öõÀÇ Çؾç Á¾ÀÚ°¡ ¸ê¸ÁÇß°í, ¶¥¿¡¼ »ý¸íÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °ÅÀÇ ÀÚ¸®ÀâÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
À̶§´Â »ý¹°ÇлóÀÇ ½Ã·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´ø ½ÃÀý, ¶¥ÀÇ °ÅÁ×À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ±×¸®°í ´ë¾çÀÇ ±íÀº °÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, »ý¸íÀÌ °ÅÀÇ »ç¶óÁ³´ø ½Ã´ë¿´´Ù.
±ä ÇØ¾ç »ý¸í ½Ã´ë°¡ ³¡³¯ ¹«·Æ¿¡, Áö±¸¿¡´Â 10¸¸ÀÌ ³Ñ´Â »ý¹°ÀÇ Á¾ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ °úµµ±â°¡ ³¡³¯ ¶§´Â 5¹é Á¾ÀÌ
ä ¾È µÇ°Ô »ì¾Æ³²¾Ò´Ù.
| This age was
one of great life impoverishment. Thousands of marine species perished,
and life was hardly yet established on land. This was a time of
biologic tribulation, the age when life nearly vanished from the
face of the earth and from the depths of the oceans. Toward the
close of the long marine-life era there were more than one hundred
thousand species of living things on earth. At the close of this
period of transition less than five hundred had survived. | |
59:6.3 (682.9)
ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ½Ã±âÀÇ Æ¯ÀÌÇÑ Á¡Àº Áö±¸ÀÇ ²®ÁúÀÌ ½Ä°Å³ª È»ê È°µ¿ÀÌ ¿À·¡ ºÎÀçÇÑ °Íº¸´Ù, ÀÏ»óÀûÀÌ°í Àü¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ¡ª¹Ù´Ù°¡
Á¦ÇÑµÇ°í ¾öû³ ¶¥ µ¢¾î¸®µéÀÌ ´õ¿í ¼Ú¾Æ³ °ÍÀÌ¡ªÆ¯º°È÷ ÇÕÃÄÁø ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ÀÌÀü ½ÃÀýÀÇ µûµíÇÑ Çؾ缺 ±âÈÄ´Â »ç¶óÁö°í
ÀÖ¾ú°í, ´õ »ç³ª¿î ´ë·ú¼º Á¾·ùÀÇ ³¯¾¾°¡ ±ÞÈ÷ ¹ß´ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| The peculiarities
of this new period were not due so much to the cooling of the earth's
crust or to the long absence of volcanic action as to an unusual
combination of commonplace and pre¡ªexisting influences¡ªrestrictions
of the seas and increasing elevation of enormous land masses. The
mild marine climate of former times was disappearing, and the harsher
continental type of weather was fast developing. | |
59:6.4 (683.1)
170,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ÁøÈ¿¡ Å« º¯È¿Í Á¶Á¤ÀÌ Áö±¸ Ç¥¸é Àü¿ª¿¡¼ ¹ú¾îÁö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇؾçÀÇ ¹Ù´ÚÀÌ °¡¶ó¾ÉÀ½¿¡
µû¶ó¼, Àü ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¶¥ÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸£°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °í¸³µÈ »ê¸¶·çµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ µ¿ºÎ´Â ¹Ù´Ù À§¿¡ ³ôÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ
ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¼ºÎ´Â õõÈ÷ ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸£°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´ë·úµéÀº Å©°í ÀÛÀº ¼Ò±Ý È£¼ö¿Í ¼ö¸¹Àº ³»·úÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù·Î µ¤¿© ÀÖ¾ú°í, Á¼Àº
ÇØÇùÀÌ ÀÌ·± ¹Ù´Ù¸¦ ´ë¾ç°ú ¿¬°áÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ °úµµ±âÀÇ ÁöÃþÀº µÎ²²°¡ 300¹ÌÅÍ¿¡¼ 2,100¹ÌÅÍ¿¡ À̸¥´Ù.
| 170,000,000
years ago great evolutionary changes and adjustments were taking
place over the entire face of the earth. Land was rising all over
the world as the ocean beds were sinking. Isolated mountain ridges
appeared. The eastern part of North America was high above the sea;
the west was slowly rising. The continents were covered by great
and small salt lakes and numerous inland seas which were connected
with the oceans by narrow straits. The strata of this transition
period vary in thickness from 1,000 to 7,000 feet. | |
59:6.5 (683.2)
Áö±¸ÀÇ ²®ÁúÀº À°Áö°¡ ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸£´ø ÀÌ ±â°£¿¡ ³Î¸® ÁÖ¸§ÀÌ Á³´Ù. ¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¸¦ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í ¿¬°áÇÏ°í ºÏ
¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¸¦ À¯·´°ú ¿¬°áÇß´ø ´ë·úµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ, ¾î¶² À°Áö ´Ù¸®µéÀÌ »ç¶óÁø °ÍÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, À̶§´Â ´ë·úÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ³ª´ø ½Ã±â¿´´Ù.
| The earth's
crust folded extensively during these land elevations. This was
a time of continental emergence except for the disappearance of
certain land bridges, including the continents which had so long
connected South America with Africa and North America with Europe.
| |
59:6.6 (683.3)
Â÷ÃûÂ÷Ãû ³»·úÀÇ È£¼ö¿Í ¹Ù´Ù´Â Àü ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¸»¶ó ¹ö¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °í¸³µÈ »ê ºùÇÏ¿Í Áö¿ª ºùÇÏ°¡ ƯÈ÷ ³²¹Ý±¸¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â
½ÃÀÛÇß°í, ¿©·¯ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ÀÌ Áö¿ª ¾óÀ½ÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ¾î »ý±ä ºùÇÏÀÇ ÅðÀû¹°Àº, À§ÂÊÀÇ Èı⠼®Åº ÅðÀû¹° Áß ´õ·¯¿¡¼µµ ¹ß°ßµÉ
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. »õ·Î¿î µÎ ±âÈÄ ¿äÀΡªºùÇÏ ÀÛ¿ë°ú °ÇÁ¶¼º¡ªÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. Áö±¸¿¡¼ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ³ôÀº Áö¿ªÀÌ °ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ºÒ¸ðÀÇ ¶¥ÀÌ
µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Gradually the
inland lakes and seas were drying up all over the world. Isolated
mountain and regional glaciers began to appear, especially over
the Southern Hemisphere, and in many regions the glacial deposit
of these local ice formations may be found even among some of the
upper and later coal deposits. Two new climatic factors appeared-glaciation
and aridity. Many of the earth's higher regions had become arid
and barren. | |
59:6.7 (683.4)
±âÈÄ°¡ º¯ÈÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ½Ã±â¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿©, Å« º¯µ¿ÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ À°Áö ½Ä¹°¿¡¼µµ ÀϾ´Ù. ¾¾¾Ñ ½Ä¹°ÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ°í, ÀÌ
½Ä¹°Àº ³ªÁß¿¡ ´Ã¾î³ À°Áö µ¿¹° »ý¸í¿¡°Ô ´õ ÁÁÀº ½Ä·®À» °ø±ÞÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. °ïÃæÀº öÀúÇÑ º¯È¸¦ °Þ¾ú´Ù. °Ü¿ï°ú °¡¹³
µ¿¾È¿¡ È°µ¿ÀÌ ÁßÁöµÇ¾î »ý±â´Â ¿ä±¸¸¦ ÃæÁ·Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÈÞ½Ä ´Ü°è°¡ ÁøÈÇß´Ù.
| Throughout
these times of climatic change, great variations also occurred in
the land plants. The seed plants first appeared, and they afforded
a better food supply for the subsequently increased land-animal
life. The insects underwent a radical change. The resting stages
evolved to meet the demands of suspended animation during winter
and drought. | |
59:6.8 (683.5)
À°Áö µ¿¹° °¡¿îµ¥ °³±¸¸®°¡ ¾Õ¼± ½Ã´ë¿¡ Á¤Á¡(ð¢ïÇ)¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¶ú°í, »¡¸® ¼èÅðÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °³±¸¸®°¡ »ì¾Æ³²Àº °ÍÀº ¾ÆµæÇÏ°í
±Øµµ·Î Èûµç ÀÌ ½ÃÀý¿¡, ¸¶¸£°í ÀÖ´ø ¿õµ¢ÀÌ¿Í ¿¬¸ø¿¡¼µµ ¿À·¡ »ì ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Àú¹«´Â ÀÌ °³±¸¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡,
¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡¼, °³±¸¸®°¡ ÆÄÃæ·ù·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡´Â ÁøÈÀÇ Ã¹ °ÉÀ½ÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ¶¥ µ¢¾î¸®µéÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿¬°áµÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï±î, ÀÌ ÆÄÃæ·ù
ÀÌÀü »ý¹°, ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ °ø±â È£Èí µ¿¹°ÀÌ ¿Â ¼¼°è¿¡ ÆÛÁ³´Ù. À̶§°¡ µÇÀÚ, ´ë±â°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¹Ù²î¾î¼ µ¿¹°ÀÇ È£ÈíÀ» Áö¿øÇÒ
¸¸Å ³î¶ø°Ô µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÃæ·ù ÀÌÀüÀÇ °³±¸¸®°¡ µµÂøÇÑ µÚ¿¡ °ð, ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â À¯·´, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ, ³² ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«·ÎºÎÅÍ
ÀϽà °í¸³µÇ°í ´ÜÀýµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Among the
land animals the frogs reached their climax in the preceding age
and rapidly declined, but they survived because they could long
live even in the drying-up pools and ponds of these far-distant
and extremely trying times. During this declining frog age, in Africa,
the first step in the evolution of the frog into the reptile occurred.
And since the land masses were still connected, this prereptilian
creature, an air breather, spread over all the world. By this time
the atmosphere had been so changed that it served admirably to support
animal respiration. It was soon after the arrival of these prereptilian
frogs that North America was temporarily isolated, cut off from
Europe, Asia, and South America. | |
59:6.9 (683.6)
´ë¾çÀÇ ¹Ù´å¹°ÀÌ Â÷ÃûÂ÷Ãû ½Ä´Â °ÍÀº ´ë¾ç »ý¸íÀÇ Æı«¿¡ Å©°Ô ±â¿©Çß´Ù. ±× ½Ã´ëÀÇ ÇØ¾ç µ¿¹°Àº À¯¸®ÇÑ ¼¼ Àº½Åó¿¡
Àӽà ÇdzÇߴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÇöÀç ¸ß½ÃÄÚ °ÉÇÁ Áö¿ª, ÀεµÀÇ °£Áö½º ¸¸, ÁöÁßÇØ ºÐÁö(ÝÎò¢)ÀÇ ½Ã½Ç¸® ¸¸À̾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í
ÀÌ ¼¼ Áö¿ªÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, °ï°æ¿¡¼ ÅÂ¾î³ »õ Çؾç Á¾ÀÚµéÀÌ ¶°³ª°¡ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹Ù´Ù¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ä¿ü´Ù.
| The gradual
cooling of the ocean waters contributed much to the destruction
of oceanic life. The marine animals of those ages took temporary
refuge in three favorable retreats: the present Gulf of Mexico region,
the Ganges Bay of India, and the Sicilian Bay of the Mediterranean
basin. And it was from these three regions that the new marine species,
born to adversity, later went forth to replenish the seas. | |
59:6.10 (683.7)
160,000,000³â Àü¿¡ ¶¥Àº À°Áö µ¿¹°ÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ºÎ¾çÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀûÀÀµÈ ½Ä¹°·Î ´ëü·Î µ¤¿´°í, ´ë±â´Â µ¿¹°ÀÌ È£ÈíÇÏ´Â
µ¥ ÀÌ»óÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ÇØ¾ç »ý¸íÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµå´Â ±â°£°ú »ý¹°ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î·Á¿î ½Ã·Ã±â°¡ ³¡³µ°í, ÀÌ ½Ã·Ã±â´Â »ì¾Æ³²À»
°¡Ä¡¸¦ °¡Áø °ÍµéÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, ¿Â°® ÇüÅÂÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¾ø¾Ö¹ö·È´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ³²Àº °ÍµéÀº µÚµû¸£´Â Ç༺ ÁøÈ ½Ã´ë¿¡¼ ´õ
±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ¹ß´ÞÇÏ°í »ó´çÈ÷ ºÐÈµÈ »ý¸íÀÇ Á¶»óÀ¸·Î¼ È°µ¿ÇÒ ÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| 160,000,000
years ago the land was largely covered with vegetation adapted to
support land-animal life, and the atmosphere had become ideal for
animal respiration. Thus ends the period of marine-life curtailment
and those testing times of biologic adversity which eliminated all
forms of life except such as had survival value, and which were
therefore entitled to function as the ancestors of the more rapidly
developing and highly differentiated life of the ensuing ages of
planetary evolution. | |
59:6.11 (684.1)
ÀÌ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ½Ã·Ã±âÀÇ ³¡Àº, ³ÊÈñ ÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô Æ丧±â·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿À·£ °í»ý´ë(ͯßæÓÛ)ÀÇ ³¡À» Ç¥½ÃÇϴµ¥,
°í»ý´ë´Â Ç༺ ¿ª»çÀÇ 4ºÐÀÇ 1, °ð 2¾ï5õ¸¸ ³âÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
| The ending
of this period of biologic tribulation, known to your students as
the Permian, also marks the end of the long Paleozoic era, which
covers one quarter of the planetary history, two hundred and fifty
million years. | |
59:6.12 (684.2)
À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ »ý¸íÀÇ º¸À°¿ø, ±¤´ëÇÑ ´ë¾çÀÇ º¸À°¿øÀº ±× ¸ñÀû¿¡ ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. °íµî À°Áö µ¿¹°À» ÁöÅÊÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ´ë±â(ÓÞѨ)°¡
»ê¼Ò¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ Ç°±â Àü¿¡, ¶¥ÀÌ »ý¸íÀ» Áö¿øÇϱ⿡ Àû´çÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ¿À·£ ½Ã´ë µ¿¾È, ¹Ù´Ù´Â ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ Ãʱ⠻ý¸íÀ»
±â¸£°í ¾çÀ°Çß´Ù. ¹·¿¡¼ Á¦2 ´Ü°èÀÇ ÁøÈ°¡ ºñ·Î¼Ò ÆîÃÄÁöÀÚ, ÀÌÁ¦ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû Á߿伺Àº Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù.
| The vast oceanic
nursery of life on Urantia has served its purpose. During the long
ages when the land was unsuited to support life, before the atmosphere
contained sufficient oxygen to sustain the higher land animals,
the sea mothered and nurtured the early life of the realm. Now the
biologic importance of the sea progressively diminishes as the second
stage of evolution begins to unfold on the land. | |
59:6.13 (684.3)
[³×¹Ùµ·ÀÇ ÇÑ »ý¸í ¿î¹ÝÀÚ°¡ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. ±×´Â À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÈ ÃÖÃÊ ±º´ÜÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀÌ´Ù.]
| [Presented
by a Life Carrier of Nebadon, one of the original corps assigned
to Urantia.] |