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3. À̹æÀÎÀÇ ÇüÆí |
Á¦ 121 Æí
| Paper 121
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121:0.1 (1332.1)
³ª´Â ¿ì¸® °è±ÞÀ» ÁÖ°üÇÏ´Â ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®¿Í ±â·ÏÀ» ¸ÃÀº ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÇ °øµ¿ ÈÄ¿øÀ» ¹Þ°í¼, À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ ÁßµµÀÚ ¿¬ÇÕȸ ȸ¿ø 12¸íÀ¸·Î
±¸¼ºµÈ ÇÑ À§¿øȸÀÇ °¨µ¶ ÇÏ¿¡ È°µ¿Çϸç ÇѶ§ »çµµ ¾Èµå·¹¿¡°Ô ºÎ¼ÓµÇ¾ú´ø 2Â÷ ÁßµµÀÚ(ñéÔ³íº)ÀÌ´Ù. ³» °è±ÞÀÇ Áö±¸
»ý¹°ÀÌ ÁöÄѺ» ±×´ë·Î, Çö¼¼¿¡¼ ³ªÀÇ º¸È£ ´ë»óÀ̾ú´ø »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³ªÁß¿¡ ÀϺΠ±â·ÏÇÑ ´ë·Î, ³ª´Â ³ª»ç·¿ ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ý¿¡
ÀÖ¾ú´ø »ç°ÇµéÀÇ À̾߱⸦ ±â·ÏÇ϶ó°í Çã¶ôÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÁÖ°¡ ±â·ÏµÈ ±ÛÀ» µÚ¿¡ ³²±âÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸é¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ÇÇÇߴ°¡
¾Ë¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¾Èµå·¹´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾´ À̾߱âÀÇ »çº»(ÞÐÜâ)À» ¿©·¯ ºÎ ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ» ¿Ï°ÇÏ°Ô °ÅÀýÇß´Ù. ¿¹¼öÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ »çµµµé
Æí¿¡¼ ºñ½ÁÇÑ Åµµ¸¦ °¡Áø °ÍÀº º¹À½¼ÀÇ ±â·ÏÀ» Å©°Ô Áö¿¬Çß´Ù.
| ACTING under
the supervision of a commission of twelve members of the United
Brotherhood of Urantia Midwayers, conjointly sponsored by the presiding
head of our order and the Melchizedek of record, I am the secondary
midwayer of onetime attachment to the Apostle Andrew, and I am authorized
to place on record the narrative of the life transactions of Jesus
of Nazareth as they were observed by my order of earth creatures,
and as they were subsequently partially recorded by the human subject
of my temporal guardianship. Knowing how his Master so scrupulously
avoided leaving written records behind him, Andrew steadfastly refused
to multiply copies of his written narrative. A similar attitude
on the part of the other apostles of Jesus greatly delayed the writing
of the Gospels. |
121:1.1 (1332.2) ¿¹¼ö´Â ¿µÀûÀ¸·Î ÅðÆóÇÑ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×°¡ ž ¶§ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ´Â ±× Àü¿¡ ¾Æ´ã ÀÌÈÄ ¿ª»ç Àüü¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© µé¾îº¸Áö ¸øÇÏ°í ±× µÚ¿¡ ¾î´À ½Ã´ë¿¡µµ °Þ¾îº¸Áö ¸øÇß´ø ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿µÀû »ý°¢°ú Á¾±³ »ýÈ°ÀÇ ºÎÈïÀ» °Þ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ì°¡¿¤ÀÌ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ À°½ÅÈÇßÀ» ¶§, ¼¼°è´Â âÁ¶ ¾ÆµéÀÇ ¼ö¿©¸¦ À§Çؼ, ±×¶§±îÁö Áö¹èÇ߰ųª ±× µÚ¿¡ »ý±ä °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå À¯¸®ÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã´ë ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ ¿©·¯ ¼¼±â µ¿¾È¿¡, ±×¸®½º ¹®È¿Í ±×¸®½º ¾ð¾î°¡ ¼¾ç°ú ±Ùµ¿(ÐÎÔÔ)¿¡ ÆÛÁ³À¸¸ç, À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ ·¹¹ÝÆ® Á¾Á·ÀÌ´Ï±î ±× ¼ºÁúÀÌ ÀϺΠ¼¾çÀÌ°í ÀϺΠµ¿¾çÀ̾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, µ¿¾ç°ú ¼¾ç, ¾çÂÊ¿¡ »õ Á¾±³¸¦ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Æ۶߸®±â À§ÇÏ¿© ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹®È¿Í ¾ð¾îÀÇ ¹è°æÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϱ⿡ ¶Ù¾î³ª°Ô ÀûÀýÇÏ¿´´Ù. ´ë´ÜÈ÷ À¯¸®ÇÑ ÀÌ »óȲÀº ·Î¸¶ÀÎÀÌ ÁöÁßÇØ ¼¼°è¸¦ °ü´ëÇÑ Á¤Ä¡·Î ´Ù½º¸²À¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ´õ¿í ÁÁ¾ÆÁ³´Ù. | 1. The Occident of the First Century After Christ Jesus did not come to this world during an age of spiritual decadence; at the time of his birth Urantia was experiencing such a revival of spiritual thinking and religious living as it had not known in all its previous post-Adamic history nor has experienced in any era since. When Michael incarnated on Urantia, the world presented the most favorable condition for the Creator Son¡¯s bestowal that had ever previously prevailed or has since obtained. In the centuries just prior to these times Greek culture and the Greek language had spread over Occident and near Orient, and the Jews, being a Levantine race, in nature part Occidental and part Oriental, were eminently fitted to utilize such cultural and linguistic settings for the effective spread of a new religion to both East and West. These most favorable circumstances were further enhanced by the tolerant political rule of the Mediterranean world by the Romans. | |
121:1.2 (1332.3)
¼¼°è ¿µÇâÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¶ÇÕÀº ÀüºÎ ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ È°µ¿¿¡ Àß ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ±×´Â Á¾±³Àû ±³¾ç ¸é¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¶Ù¾î³ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀ̾ú°í,
±×¸®½º¾î·Î À¯´ëÀÎ ¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ º¹À½À» ¼±Æ÷ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÇÑÆí ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀº ·Î¸¶ ½Ã¹ÎÀ̾ú´Ù.
| This entire
combination of world influences is well illustrated by the activities
of Paul, who, being in religious culture a Hebrew of the Hebrews,
proclaimed the gospel of a Jewish Messiah in the Greek tongue, while
he himself was a Roman citizen. | |
121:1.3 (1332.4)
¿¹¼ö°¡ »ì´ø ½ÃÀýÀÇ ¹®¸í°ú °°Àº °ÍÀº ¼¾ç¿¡¼ ±× ½ÃÀý ÀÌÀüÀ̳ª ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ ÀüÇô ¾ø¾ú´Ù. À¯·´ÀÇ ¹®¸íÀº Ưº°ÇÑ ¼¼ °¡Áö
¿µÇ⠹ؿ¡¼ ÅëÀϵǰí Á¶Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù:
| Nothing like
the civilization of the times of Jesus has been seen in the Occident
before or since those days. European civilization was unified and
co-ordinated under an extraordinary threefold influence: | |
121:1.4 (1332.5)
1. ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ ¹× »çȸ ü°è.
| 1. The Roman
political and social systems. | |
121:1.5 (1332.6)
2. ±×¸®½º ¾ð¾î¿Í ¹®È¡ªÃ¶Çеµ ¾î´À Á¤µµ.
| 2. The Grecian
language and culture ¡ª and philosophy to a certain extent. | |
121:1.6 (1332.7)
3. À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ÆÛÁö´Â Á¾±³Àû¤ýµµ´öÀû °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿µÇâ.
| 3. The rapidly
spreading influence of Jewish religious and moral teachings. | |
121:1.7 (1332.8)
¿¹¼ö°¡ žÀ» ¶§, ÁöÁßÇØ ¼¼°è ÀüºÎ°¡ ÅëÀÏµÈ Á¦±¹À̾ú´Ù. ¼¼°è ¿ª»ç¿¡¼ óÀ½À¸·Î ÁÁÀº µµ·Î°¡ ¸¹Àº ÁÖ¿ä µµ½Ã¸¦
¼·Î ¿¬°áÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹Ù´Ù¿¡´Â ÇØÀûµéÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁ³°í, ¹«¿ªÇÏ°í ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â ´ë´ÜÇÑ ½Ã´ë°¡ ±ÞÈ÷ ´Ù°¡¿À°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À¯·´Àº ±×¸®½ºµµ
ÀÌÈÄ 19¼¼±â±îÁö ±×·¸°Ô ¿©ÇàÇÏ°í ¹«¿ªÇÏ´Â ½Ã´ë¸¦ ¶Ç ´Ù½Ã ±¸°æÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
| When Jesus
was born, the entire Mediterranean world was a unified empire. Good
roads, for the first time in the world¡¯s history, interconnected
many major centers. The seas were cleared of pirates, and a great
era of trade and travel was rapidly advancing. Europe did not again
enjoy another such period of travel and trade until the nineteenth
century after Christ. | |
121:1.8 (1333.1)
±×¸®½º¤ý·Î¸¶ ¼¼°è´Â ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ÆòÈ·Ó°í °ÑÀ¸·Î ¹ø¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥µµ, Á¦±¹ ÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ ´ë´Ù¼ö´Â ´õ·¯¿ò°ú ºó°ï ¼Ó¿¡¼ ½Ãµé¾ú´Ù.
¼Ò¼ö(á³â¦)ÀÇ »ó·ù °è±ÞÀº ºÎÀ¯ÇßÀ¸³ª, ºÒ½ÖÇÏ°í ±ÃÇÌÇÑ ÇÏÃþ °è±ÞÀº ÀηùÀÇ ¼¹ÎµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â ÇູÇÏ°í
¹ø¿µÇÏ´Â Áß·ù °è±ÞÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Áß·ù °è±ÞÀÌ ·Î¸¶ÀÇ »çȸ¿¡¼ ¸· ³ªÅ¸³ª±â ½ÃÀÛÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
| Notwithstanding
the internal peace and superficial prosperity of the Greco-Roman
world, a majority of the inhabitants of the empire languished in
squalor and poverty. The small upper class was rich; a miserable
and impoverished lower class embraced the rank and file of humanity.
There was no happy and prosperous middle class in those days; it
had just begun to make its appearance in Roman society. | |
121:1.9 (1333.2)
ÆØâÇÏ´Â ·Î¸¶ ±¹°¡¿Í Æĸ£Æ¼¾Æ ±¹°¡ »çÀÌÀÇ Ã¹ ½Î¿òÀº, ´ç½Ã·Î º¸¾Æ¼ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ³¡ÀÌ ³µ°í ½Ã¸®¾Æ¸¦ ·Î¸¶ÀÎÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
¿¹¼öÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡ ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸Àΰú ½Ã¸®¾Æ´Â ¹ø¿µÇÏ°í ºñ±³Àû ÆòÈ·Ó°í µ¿¼ ¾çÂÊÀÇ ³ª¶óµé°ú ³Î¸® »ó¾÷ ±³¿ª(Îßæ¶)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ½Ã±â¸¦
¸ÂÀÌÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| The first struggles
between the expanding Roman and Parthian states had been concluded
in the then recent past, leaving Syria in the hands of the Romans.
In the times of Jesus, Palestine and Syria were enjoying a period
of prosperity, relative peace, and extensive commercial intercourse
with the lands to both the East and the West. |
121:2.1 (1333.3) À¯´ëÀÎÀº ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ¼À Á¾Á·ÀÇ ÇÑ °¡Áö¿´°í, ÀÌ ¼ÀÁ·Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾ÆÀÎ, Æä´ÏÅ°¾ÆÀÎ, ±×¸®°í ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ÀûÀ̾ú´ø Ä«¸£Å¸°íÀεµ Æ÷ÇÔÇß´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ ÀÌÈÄ 1¼¼±â Àü¹Ý¿¡, À¯´ëÀÎÀº ¼À Á¾Á·µé Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Áý´ÜÀ̾ú´Ù. ´ç½Ã¿¡ ±× Áö¿ªÀÌ ÅëÄ¡µÇ°í ¹«¿ªÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© Á¶Á÷µÈ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ±×µéÀº ¿ì¿¬È÷ ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ƯÀÌÇÏ°Ô Àü·«ÀûÀ¸·Î À¯¸®ÇÑ Áö¸®Àû À§Ä¡¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù. | 2. The Jewish People The Jews were a part of the older Semitic race, which also included the Babylonians, the Phoenicians, and the more recent enemies of Rome, the Carthaginians. During the fore part of the first century after Christ, the Jews were the most influential group of the Semitic peoples, and they happened to occupy a peculiarly strategic geographic position in the world as it was at that time ruled and organized for trade. | |
121:2.2 (1333.4)
°í´ëÀÇ ³ª¶óµéÀ» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ¸¹Àº Å« µµ·Î°¡ ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀ» °ÅÃÄ °¬°í, ÀÌó·³ ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀº ¼¼ ´ë·úÀÌ ¸¸³ª´Â ÀÚ¸®, ±³Â÷·Î°¡
µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿©Çà, ¹«¿ª, ±×¸®°í ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾Æ¤ý¾Æ¾¾¸®¾Æ¤ý¿¡ÁýÆ®¤ý½Ã¸®¾Æ¤ý±×¸®½º¤ýÆĸ£Æ¼¾Æ¤ý·Î¸¶ÀÇ ±º´ë°¡ ÀÕ´Þ¾Æ ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀ»
ÈÛ¾µ¾ú´Ù. ±â¾ïÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾øÀÌ ¾ÆµæÇÑ ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ, Çã´ÙÇÑ Ä«¶ó¹Ý ±æÀÌ µ¿¾çÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¾î´À ºÎºÐÀ» °ÅÃļ, ÁöÁßÇØ
µ¿ÂÊ ³¡¿¡ ÁÁÀº ¸î Ç×±¸±îÁö À̸£·¶°í, °Å±â¼ºÎÅÍ, ¹èµéÀº ±× ȹ°À» ¿Â ¼¾çÀÇ ÇؾÈÀ¸·Î ³¯¶ú´Ù. ÀÌ Ä«¶ó¹Ý ±³ÅëÀÇ
¹Ý ÀÌ»óÀÌ °¥¸±¸®ÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¸¶À» ³ª»ç·¿À» °ÅÄ¡°Å³ª ±× ±Ùó¸¦ Áö³ª°¬´Ù.
| Many of the
great highways joining the nations of antiquity passed through Palestine,
which thus became the meeting place, or crossroads, of three continents.
The travel, trade, and armies of Babylonia, Assyria, Egypt, Syria,
Greece, Parthia, and Rome successively swept over Palestine. From
time immemorial, many caravan routes from the Orient passed through
some part of this region to the few good seaports of the eastern
end of the Mediterranean, whence ships carried their cargoes to
all the maritime Occident. And more than half of this caravan traffic
passed through or near the little town of Nazareth in Galilee. | |
121:2.3 (1333.5) ºñ·Ï ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀÌ
À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ Á¾±³ ¹®ÈÀÇ °íÇâÀÌ¿ä ±âµ¶±³°¡ ÅÂ¾î³ °÷À̾úÁö¸¸, À¯´ëÀÎÀº ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¹Ù±ùÀ¸·Î ³ª°¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¿©·¯ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼
»ì¸é¼ ·Î¸¶ ±¹°¡¿Í Æĸ£Æ¼¾Æ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¾î´À Áö¹æ¿¡¼³ª Àå»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| Although Palestine
was the home of Jewish religious culture and the birthplace of Christianity,
the Jews were abroad in the world, dwelling in many nations and
trading in every province of the Roman and Parthian states. | |
121:2.4 (1333.6) ±×¸®½º´Â ¾ð¾î¿Í
¹®È¸¦ Á¦°øÇß°í, ·Î¸¶´Â ±æÀ» ¸¸µé°í ÇϳªÀÇ Á¦±¹À» ÅëÀÏÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ ºÐ»êµÈ °ÍÀº ·Î¸¶ ¼¼°è¿¡ µÎ·ç ¿©±âÀú±â
Èð¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â 2¹éÀÌ ³Ñ´Â ȸ´ç°ú Àß Á¶Á÷µÈ Á¾±³ °øµ¿Ã¼¿Í ÇÔ²², ¹®ÈÀÇ Á߽ɵéÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·± °÷¿¡¼ Çϴóª¶óÀÇ
»õ º¹À½À» Ãʱ⿡ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´°í, °Å±â¼ºÎÅÍ ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ º¹À½ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡Àå ¸Õ ±¸¼®±îÁö ÆÛÁ³´Ù.
| Greece provided
a language and a culture, Rome built the roads and unified an empire,
but the dispersion of the Jews, with their more than two hundred
synagogues and well-organized religious communities scattered hither
and yon throughout the Roman world, provided the cultural centers
in which the new gospel of the kingdom of heaven found initial reception,
and from which it subsequently spread to the uttermost parts of
the world. | |
121:2.5 (1333.7)
À¯´ëÀΠȸ´çÀº °¢ÀÚ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ À̹æÀÎ ½Åµµ(ãáÓù), ¡°°æ°ÇÇÑ¡± Áï ¡°Çϳª´ÔÀ» °æ¿ÜÇϴ¡± »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Âµ¥, ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ
¼Ò¼öÀÇ ÀüÇâÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ¹Ù¿ïÀº Ãʱ⿡ ±âµ¶±³·Î °³Á¾ÇÑ ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼ºÀü¿¡µµ, È·ÁÇÑ
À̹æÀÎÀÇ ¸¶´çÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹·ç»ì·½°ú ¾ÈƼ¿Á¿¡¼´Â ¹®È¤ý»ó¾÷¤ý¿¹¹è »çÀÌ¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÈƼ¿Á¿¡¼ ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ
Á¦ÀÚµéÀ» óÀ½À¸·Î ¡°±âµ¶±³ÀΡ±À̶ó ºÒ·¶´Ù.
| Each Jewish
synagogue tolerated a fringe of gentile believers, ¡°devout¡± or ¡°God-fearing¡±
men, and it was among this fringe of proselytes that Paul made the
bulk of his early converts to Christianity. Even the temple at Jerusalem
possessed its ornate court of the gentiles. There was very close
connection between the culture, commerce, and worship of Jerusalem
and Antioch. In Antioch Paul¡¯s disciples were first called ¡°Christians.¡± | |
121:2.6 (1333.8)
À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ¼ºÀü ¿¹¹è¸¦ ¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÑ °ÍÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀϽű³°¡ »ì¾Æ³²°Ô ¸¸µç ºñ°áÀ̾ú°í, ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¸¸±¹ÀÇ ±× À¯ÀÏÇÑ
Çϳª´Ô, ¸¸ÀÎÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ÀüÇÏ´Â »õ·Ó°í È®´ëµÈ °³³äÀ» À°¼ºÇÏ°í ¼¼°è¿¡ ÀüÆÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸ÀåÇß´Ù. ¿¹·ç»ì·½ÀÇ ¼ºÀü ¿¹¹è´Â
ÀÌ¹æ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ±ºÁÖ¿Í Á¾Á· ¹ÚÇØÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÕ´Þ¾Æ ¸ô¶ôÇÏ´Â °¡¿îµ¥ Á¾±³ ¹®ÈÀÇ °³³äÀÌ »ì¾Æ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù.
| The centralization
of the Jewish temple worship at Jerusalem constituted alike the
secret of the survival of their monotheism and the promise of the
nurture and sending forth to the world of a new and enlarged concept
of that one God of all nations and Father of all mortals. The temple
service at Jerusalem represented the survival of a religious cultural
concept in the face of the downfall of a succession of gentile national
overlords and racial persecutors. | |
121:2.7 (1334.1)
ÀÌ ½ÃÀýÀÇ À¯´ë ¹ÎÁ·Àº, ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Ä¡ÇÏ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú¾îµµ »ó´çÇÑ Á¤µµ·Î ÀÚÄ¡¸¦ ´©·È°í, À¯´Ù ¸¶Ä«ºñ, ±×¸®°í Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ °è½ÂÇÑ
ÀÚµéÀÌ ¼öÇàÇÑ °øÀû, ´ç½Ã·Î º¸¾Æ¼ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¿µ¿õ´ä°Ô ³ª¶ó¸¦ ±¸¿øÇÑ °øÀûÀ» ±â¾ïÇϸé¼, ´õ¿í Å« ±¸¿øÀÚ, ¿À·¡µµ·Ï ±â´Ù¸®´ø
¸Þ½Ã¾Æ°¡ °ð ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ±â´ë·Î È°±â¿¡ ³ÑÃÄ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| The Jewish
people of this time, although under Roman suzerainty, enjoyed a
considerable degree of self-government and, remembering the then
only recent heroic exploits of deliverance executed by Judas Maccabee
and his immediate successors, were vibrant with the expectation
of the immediate appearance of a still greater deliverer, the long-expected
Messiah. | |
121:2.8 (1334.2)
ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎ, Áï À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ ¹Ý µ¶¸³µÈ ±¹°¡·Î¼ »ì¾Æ³²Àº °ÍÀº ·Î¸¶ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ´ë¿Ü Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ±× ºñ°áÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ·Î¸¶´Â
µ¿¾ç°ú ¼¾çÀ» ÀÕ´Â Ä«¶ó¹Ý ±æÀÇ ¼ºÎ Á¾Âø¿ª »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½Ã¸®¾Æ¿Í ¿¡ÁýÆ® »çÀÌ¿¡ ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀÇ ¿©Çà µµ·Î¸¦ °è¼Ó Àå¾ÇÇϱ⸦
¹Ù¶ú´Ù. ·¹¹ÝÆ®¿¡¼ ·Î¸¶°¡ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ È®ÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² °´ë±¹ÀÌ¶óµµ ÀÌ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀ» ·Î¸¶´Â
¹Ù¶óÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¼úÃ¥À» ¾²´Â Á¤Ã¥ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ½Ç·ç½ÃµåÀÇ ½Ã¸®¾Æ¿Í ÇÁÅç·¹¹ÌÀÇ ¿¡ÁýÆ®°¡ ¼·Î ¸Â¼¼ ´ÙÅõ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú°í,
±×·± Á¤Ã¥Àº ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ µû·Î µ¶¸³µÈ ±¹°¡·Î ¾çÀ°ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Á¤Ã¥°ú ¿¡ÁýÆ®ÀÇ ºØ±«,
±×¸®°í Æĸ£Æ¼¾ÆÀÇ °¼ºÇØÁö´Â Èû ¾Õ¿¡ ½Ç·ç½Ãµå ¿ÕÁ¶°¡ Â÷Ãû ¼è¾àÇØÁø °ÍÀº, ¾î°¼ ¸î ¼¼´ë µ¿¾È ÀÛ°íµµ Èû¾ø´Â À¯´ëÀÎ
¹«¸®°¡ ºÏÀ¸·Î ½Ç·ç½Ãµå ¿ÕÁ¶¿Í ³²À¸·Î ÇÁÅç·¹¹Ì ¿ÕÁ¶, ÀÌ µÎ ³ª¶ó¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿© µ¶¸³À» À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Â°¡ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
µÑ·¯½Ñ °´ë ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ ÅëÄ¡·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾î¼´Ù°¡ ¾òÀº ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯¿Í µ¶¸³À» À¯´ëÀÎÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¡°¼±ÅÃµÈ ¹ÎÁ·¡±À̶ó´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ´Ù°í,
¾ß¿þ°¡ Á÷Á¢ °£¼·ÇÑ ´öºÐÀ¸·Î µ¹·È´Ù. Àڱ⠹ÎÁ·ÀÌ ¿ì¿ùÇÏ´Ù´Â ±×·± ŵµ´Â ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ¾ÐÁ¦°¡ ¸¶Ä§³» ±×µéÀÇ ¶¥¿¡ ´ÚÃÆÀ»
¶§, À̸¦ ´õ¿í °ßµð±â ¾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ½½Ç ½ÃÁ¡¿¡µµ, À¯´ëÀÎÀº ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÌ Á¤Ä¡Àû »ç¸íÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
¿µÀû »ç¸íÀ» °¡Á³´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| The secret
of the survival of Palestine, the kingdom of the Jews, as a semi-independent
state was wrapped up in the foreign policy of the Roman government,
which desired to maintain control of the Palestinian highway of
travel between Syria and Egypt as well as the western terminals
of the caravan routes between the Orient and the Occident. Rome
did not wish any power to arise in the Levant which might curb her
future expansion in these regions. The policy of intrigue which
had for its object the pitting of Seleucid Syria and Ptolemaic Egypt
against each other necessitated fostering Palestine as a separate
and independent state. Roman policy, the degeneration of Egypt,
and the progressive weakening of the Seleucids before the rising
power of Parthia, explain why it was that for several generations
a small and unpowerful group of Jews was able to maintain its independence
against both Seleucidae to the north and Ptolemies to the south.
This fortuitous liberty and independence of the political rule of
surrounding and more powerful peoples the Jews attributed to the
fact that they were the ¡°chosen people,¡± to the direct interposition
of Yahweh. Such an attitude of racial superiority made it all the
harder for them to endure Roman suzerainty when it finally fell
upon their land. But even in that sad hour the Jews refused to learn
that their world mission was spiritual, not political. | |
121:2.9 (1334.3)
±×¶§ ¿ÜºÎ »ç¶÷, À̵ι̾ÆÀÎ Çì·ÔÀÌ À¯´ëÀÎÀ» ´Ù½º·È±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿¹¼ö°¡ »ì´ø ½ÃÀý¿¡ À¯´ëÀÎÀº Ưº°È÷ Á¶½É½º·´°í ÀǽÉÀÌ
¸¹¾Ò´Ù. Çì·ÔÀº ¿µ¸®ÇÏ°Ô ·Î¸¶ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚµéÀÇ ºñÀ§¸¦ ¸ÂÃãÀ¸·Î À¯´ë ¶¥ÀÇ ÅëÄ¡±ÇÀ» ¼Õ¿¡ ³Ö¾ú´Ù. Çì·ÔÀº È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ ¿¹½Ä
ÀýÂ÷¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÇÒ °ÍÀ» °ø¾ðÇßÀ¸³ª, ³¸¼± ½ÅµéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ ½ÅÀüÀÇ °ÇÃàÀ» ÁøÇàÇß´Ù.
| The Jews were
unusually apprehensive and suspicious during the times of Jesus
because they were then ruled by an outsider, Herod the Idumean,
who had seized the overlordship of Judea by cleverly ingratiating
himself with the Roman rulers. And though Herod professed loyalty
to the Hebrew ceremonial observances, he proceeded to build temples
for many strange gods. | |
121:2.10 (1334.4)
Çì·Ô°ú ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Áö¹èÀÚµé »çÀÌÀÇ Ä£¹ÐÇÑ °ü°è´Â À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ ¼¼°è¸¦ ¿©ÇàÇϱ⿡ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú°í, µû¶ó¼ ·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹ ¹× Á¶¾àÀ»
¸ÎÀº ¿©·¯ ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ ¸Õ ±¸¼®±îÁöµµ Çϴóª¶óÀÇ »õ º¹À½À» °¡Áö°í À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ ´õ¿í ħÅõÇϵµ·Ï ±æÀ» ¿¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. Çì·ÔÀÇ ÅëÄ¡´Â
¶ÇÇÑ È÷ºê¸® öÇаú Çï¶óÆÄ Ã¶ÇÐÀÌ ´õ¿í ¼¯ÀÌ´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î Å©°Ô ±â¿©Çß´Ù.
| The friendly
relations of Herod with the Roman rulers made the world safe for
Jewish travel and thus opened the way for increased Jewish penetration
even of distant portions of the Roman Empire and of foreign treaty
nations with the new gospel of the kingdom of heaven. Herod¡¯s reign
also contributed much toward the further blending of Hebrew and
Hellenistic philosophies. | |
121:2.11 (1334.5)
Çì·ÔÀº ÄÉÀÚ¸®¾Æ Ç×±¸¸¦ Áö¾ú°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀ» ¹®¸í ¼¼°èÀÇ ±³Â÷·Î·Î ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ ´õ¿í µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çì·ÔÀº ±â¿øÀü
4³â¿¡ Á×¾ú°í, ±× ¾Æµé Çì·Ô ¾ÈƼÆĽº°¡ ¿¹¼ö°¡ ¾î·ÈÀ» ¶§¿Í ºÀ»çÇÏ´ø ±â°£¿¡, ¼±â 39³â±îÁö °¥¸±¸®¿Í Æä·¹¾Æ¸¦ ´Ù½º·È´Ù.
¾ÈƼÆĽº´Â ¾Æ¹öÁöó·³ À§´ëÇÑ °ÇÃà°¡¿´°í, Áß¿äÇÑ ¹«¿ª Á᫐ ¼¼Æ÷¸®½º¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, °¥¸±¸®ÀÇ ¸¹Àº µµ½Ã¸¦ ´Ù½Ã Áö¾ú´Ù.
| Herod built
the harbor of Caesarea, which further aided in making Palestine
the crossroads of the civilized world. He died in 4 B.C., and his
son Herod Antipas governed Galilee and Perea during Jesus¡¯ youth
and ministry to A.D. 39. Antipas, like his father, was a great builder.
He rebuilt many of the cities of Galilee, including the important
trade center of Sepphoris. | |
121:2.12 (1334.6)
¿¹·ç»ì·½ÀÇ Á¾±³ ÁöµµÀÚ¿Í À²¹ý ¼±»ýµéÀº °¥¸±¸® »ç¶÷µéÀ» ½â ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¾î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿¹¼ö°¡ žÀ» ¶§, °¥¸±¸®´Â
À¯´ëÀÎ Áö¿ªÀ̱⺸´Ù À̹æ(ì¶ÛÀ)¿¡ ´õ °¡±î¿ü´Ù.
| The Galileans
were not regarded with full favor by the Jerusalem religious leaders
and rabbinical teachers. Galilee was more gentile than Jewish when
Jesus was born. |
3. Among the Gentiles Although the social and economic condition of the Roman state was not of the highest order, the widespread domestic peace and prosperity was propitious for the bestowal of Michael. In the first century after Christ the society of the Mediterranean world consisted of five well-defined strata: | ||
121:3.2 (1335.1)
1. ±ÍÁ· °è±Þ. µ·°ú °ø½Ä ±Ç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø »ó·ù °è±Þ, Ư±ÇÀ» °¡Áø ÅëÄ¡ Áý´Ü.
| 1. The aristocracy.
The upper classes with money and official power, the privileged
and ruling groups. | |
121:3.3 (1335.2)
2. »ó¾÷ Áý´Ü. °Å»ó(ËÝßÂ)°ú ÀºÇà°¡, ¹«¿ª»ó¡ªÅ« ¼öÀÔ¤ý¼öÃâ»ó¡ª±¹Á¦ »óÀÎ.
| 2. The business
groups. The merchant princes and the bankers, the traders ¡ª the
big importers and exporters ¡ª the international merchants. | |
121:3.4 (1335.3)
3. ÀÛÀº Áß·ù °è±Þ. ÀÌ Áý´ÜÀº Á¤¸»·Î ÀÛ±â´Â Ç߾ ¾ÆÁÖ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ÃÊ´ë ±âµ¶±³ ±³È¸ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû »À´ë¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇØ
ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±³È¸´Â ÀÌ Áý´Ü¿¡°Ô ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±â¼ú°ú »ó¾÷À» °è¼ÓÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀåÇß´Ù. À¯´ëÀÎ °¡¿îµ¥ ¸¹Àº ¹Ù¸®»õÀÎÀÌ ÀÌ °è±ÞÀÇ
»óÀο¡ ¼ÓÇß´Ù.
| 3. The small
middle class. Although this group was indeed small, it was very
influential and provided the moral backbone of the early Christian
church, which encouraged these groups to continue in their various
crafts and trades. Among the Jews many of the Pharisees belonged
to this class of tradesmen. | |
121:3.5 (1335.4)
4. ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±Þ. ÀÌ Áý´ÜÀº °ÅÀÇ ¶Ç´Â ¾Æ¹«·± »çȸÀû ÁöÀ§°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô ´À²¼Áö¸¸,
³ë¿¹ ³ëµ¿°ú °æÀïÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Å©°Ô ºÒ¸®ÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »ó·ù °è±ÞÀº À̵éÀÌ ¡°¹ø½ÄÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀû¡± ¿Ü¿¡ ¾µ¸ð
¾øÀ½À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¸é¼ À̵éÀ» °æ¸êÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| 4. The free
proletariat. This group had little or no social standing. Though
proud of their freedom, they were placed at great disadvantage because
they were forced to compete with slave labor. The upper classes
regarded them disdainfully, allowing that they were useless except
for ¡°breeding purposes.¡± | |
121:3.6 (1335.5)
5. ³ë¿¹. ·Î¸¶ ±¹°¡ Àα¸ÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀº ³ë¿¹¿´°í, ´Ù¼ö°¡ ¿ì¼öÇÑ »ç¶÷À̾ú´Âµ¥, ±×µéÀº »¡¸® ÁøÃâÇؼ ÀÚÀ¯ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ, ±×¸®°í
»óÀÎ(ßÂìÑ)µé Æ´¿¡µµ ³¢¾ú´Ù. ´ë´Ù¼ö´Â Æò¹üÇϰųª ¾ÆÁÖ ¿µîÇß´Ù.
| 5. The slaves.
Half the population of the Roman state were slaves; many were superior
individuals and quickly made their way up among the free proletariat
and even among the tradesmen. The majority were either mediocre
or very inferior. | |
121:3.7 (1335.6)
¿ì¼öÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ¾ú¾îµµ, ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ´Â ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ±º»ç(ÏÚÞÀ) Á¤º¹ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À̾ú´Ù. ³ë¿¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖÀÎÀÇ ±ÇÇÑÀº ¹«Á¦ÇÑÀ̾ú´Ù.
ÃÊ´ë ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀº ´ëü·Î ÇÏÃþ °è±Þ°ú ÀÌ ³ë¿¹µé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Slavery, even
of superior peoples, was a feature of Roman military conquest. The
power of the master over his slave was unqualified. The early Christian
church was largely composed of the lower classes and these slaves. | |
121:3.8 (1335.7)
¿ì¼öÇÑ ³ë¿¹µéÀº ÈçÈ÷ ÀÓ±ÝÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í, ¼ÒµæÀ» ÀúÃàÇؼ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ »ì ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇعæµÈ ¸¹Àº ±×·± ³ë¿¹´Â ±¹°¡¤ý±³È¸¤ý»ó¾÷°è¿¡¼
³ôÀº ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¿Ã¶ú´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ±×·± °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÃÊ´ë ±âµ¶±³ ±³È¸°¡ ÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÈ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ¸¦ ±×Åä·Ï ¹¬ÀÎÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
| Superior slaves
often received wages and by saving their earnings were able to purchase
their freedom. Many such emancipated slaves rose to high positions
in state, church, and the business world. And it was just such possibilities
that made the early Christian church so tolerant of this modified
form of slavery. | |
121:3.9 (1335.8)
¼±â 1¼¼±â¿¡ ·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹¿¡´Â ³Î¸® ÆÛÁø »çȸ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¹ÎÁßÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¾î¼´Ù ÅÂ¾î³ Áý´Ü¿¡ ÀڽŵéÀÌ
¼ÓÇÑ´Ù°í ¿©°å´Ù. Àç´É ÀÖ°í À¯´ÉÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ·Î¸¶ »çȸÀÇ ³·Àº °èÃþ¿¡¼ ´õ ³ôÀº °èÃþÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª
¿·Á ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, »ç¶÷µéÀº ´ëü·Î ÀÚ±âÀÇ »çȸÀû ÁöÀ§¿¡ ¸¸Á·Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº °è±Þ ÀǽÄÀÌ ¾ø¾ú°í, ÀÌ °è±ÞÀÇ Â÷º°ÀÌ ºÎ´çÇϰųª
±×¸©µÇ´Ù°í ¿©±âÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±âµ¶±³´Â ¾î¶² Àǹ̿¡¼µµ ¾ï¾Ð¹Þ´Â °è±ÞÀÇ °ï°æÀ» °³¼±(ËÇà¼)ÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀûÀ» °¡Áø °æÁ¦ ¿îµ¿ÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.
| There was no
widespread social problem in the Roman Empire in the first century
after Christ. The major portion of the populace regarded themselves
as belonging in that group into which they chanced to be born. There
was always the open door through which talented and able individuals
could ascend from the lower to the higher strata of Roman society,
but the people were generally content with their social rank. They
were not class conscious, neither did they look upon these class
distinctions as being unjust or wrong. Christianity was in no sense
an economic movement having for its purpose the amelioration of
the miseries of the depressed classes. | |
121:3.10 (1335.9)
¿©ÀÚ´Â ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸Àο¡¼ ½ÅºÐ¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀ» ¹ÞÀº °Íº¸´Ù ·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹ Àü¿ª¿¡¼ ´õ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ´©·ÈÁö¸¸, À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ °¡Á·¿¡°Ô ¹ÙÄ¡´Â
Çå½Å°ú ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ¾ÖÁ¤Àº ÀÌ¹æ ¼¼°èº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ³ª¾Ò´Ù.
| Although woman
enjoyed more freedom throughout the Roman Empire than in her restricted
position in Palestine, the family devotion and natural affection
of the Jews far transcended that of the gentile world. |
121:4.1 (1335.10) µµ´öÀû °ßÁö¿¡¼, À̹æÀÎÀº À¯´ëÀκ¸´Ù ¾ó¸¶Å ¸øÇßÁö¸¸, °í»óÇÑ À̹æÀεéÀÇ °¡½¿ ¼Ó¿¡´Â Ÿ°í³ ¼±ÇÑ ÀÚÁú°ú ÀáÀçÇÏ´Â Àΰ£Àû ¾ÖÁ¤À» ±â¸¦ ºñ¿ÁÇÑ Åä¾çÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, °Å±â¼ ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ¾¾¾ÑÀÌ ½ÏÆ®°í, µµ´öÀû Àΰݰú ¿µÀû ¼ºÃëÀÇ ¼öÈ®À» dzºÎÈ÷ °ÅµÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇß´Ù. ±×¶§ ÀÌ¹æ ¼¼°è¿¡´Â 4´ë öÇÐÀÌ À¯ÇàÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ¸ðµÎ°¡ Àü¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ±×¸®½ºÀÎÀÇ ÇöóÅæ »ç»ó¿¡¼ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ÆÄ»ýµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¶ÇÐ ÇÐÆĵéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù: | 4. Gentile Philosophy The gentiles were, from a moral standpoint, somewhat inferior to the Jews, but there was present in the hearts of the nobler gentiles abundant soil of natural goodness and potential human affection in which it was possible for the seed of Christianity to sprout and bring forth an abundant harvest of moral character and spiritual achievement. The gentile world was then dominated by four great philosophies, all more or less derived from the earlier Platonism of the Greeks. These schools of philosophy were: | |
121:4.2 (1335.11)
1. Äè¶ôÁÖÀÇÀÚ. ÀÌ »ç»óÀÇ ÇÐÆÄ´Â ÇູÀÇ Ãß±¸¿¡ ¸¶À½À» ½ñ¾Ò´Ù. »ó±Þ Äè¶ôÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀº Áö³ªÄ£ À°¿å¿¡ ºüÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
Àû¾îµµ, ÀÌ ±³¸®´Â ±×º¸´Ù ´õ Ä¡¸íÀû ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¼÷¸í·ÐÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ·Î¸¶ÀÎÀ» ¹þ¾î³ª°Ô ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡
³ë·ÂÇϸé Çö¼¼¿¡¼ ÁöÀ§¸¦ °³¼±ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃƱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹«ÁöÇÑ ¹Ì½Å(Ú»ãá)À» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ÅðÄ¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| 1. The Epicurean.
This school of thought was dedicated to the pursuit of happiness.
The better Epicureans were not given to sensual excesses. At least
this doctrine helped to deliver the Romans from a more deadly form
of fatalism; it taught that men could do something to improve their
terrestrial status. It did effectually combat ignorant superstition. | |
121:4.3 (1336.1)
2. ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇÀÚ. ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇ´Â »ó·ù °èÃþÀÌ Áö³æ´ø ¿ì¼öÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀ̾ú´Ù. ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇÀÚ´Â ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â À̼º(×âàõ)°ú ¿î¸íÀÌ ¸ðµç
ÀÚ¿¬À» Áö¹èÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. À̵éÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ È¥Àº ½Å¼ºÇϸç À°Ã¼ÀÇ ¼ºÇ°À» °¡Áø ¾ÇÇÑ ¸ö ¼Ó¿¡ °¤Çô ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ
È¥Àº ÀÚ¿¬, °ð Çϳª´Ô°ú Á¶ÈµÇ¾î »îÀ¸·Î ÇعæÀ» ¾òÀ¸¸ç, µû¶ó¼ ¹Ì´öÀº ±× ÀÚü°¡ º¸»óÀ̾ú´Ù. ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇ´Â ¼þ°íÇÑ µµ´ö
¼öÁرîÁö ¿Ã¶ó°¬°í ±× ÈÄ¿¡ ¾î¶² ¼øÀüÇÑ Àΰ£Àû öÇРü°èµµ °áÄÚ ¶Ù¾î³ÑÁö ¸øÇÑ ÀÌ»óÀ̾ú´Ù. ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇÀÚ´Â ±×µéÀÌ ¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
ÀÚ¼Õ¡±À̶ó°í °ø¾ðÇßÀ¸³ª Çϳª´ÔÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇß°í, µû¶ó¼ Çϳª´ÔÀ» ã¾Æ³»Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀ¸·Î ³²¾Ò°í,
°áÄÚ Á¾±³°¡ µÇÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±× ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Áö¼ºÀ» ¿ìÁÖ Áö¼º°ú Á¶È½ÃÅ°·Á°í ¾Ö½èÁö¸¸, ±×µéÀÌ »ç¶ûÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ
ÀÚ³àÀÎ °ÍÀ» »ó»óÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¡°³ª´Â ¾î¶² »óÅ¿¡ óÇØ ÀÖµçÁö, ±×¿¡ ¸¸Á·Çϱ⸦ ¹è¿ü³ë¶ó¡±ÇÏ°í ±â·ÏÇßÀ» ¶§, ¹Ù¿ïÀº
±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ±íÀÌ Á¥¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| 2. The Stoic.
Stoicism was the superior philosophy of the better classes. The
Stoics believed that a controlling Reason-Fate dominated all nature.
They taught that the soul of man was divine; that it was imprisoned
in the evil body of physical nature. Man¡¯s soul achieved liberty
by living in harmony with nature, with God; thus virtue came to
be its own reward. Stoicism ascended to a sublime morality, ideals
never since transcended by any purely human system of philosophy.
While the Stoics professed to be the ¡°offspring of God,¡± they failed
to know him and therefore failed to find him. Stoicism remained
a philosophy; it never became a religion. Its followers sought to
attune their minds to the harmony of the Universal Mind, but they
failed to envisage themselves as the children of a loving Father.
Paul leaned heavily toward Stoicism when he wrote, ¡°I have learned
in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content.¡± | |
121:4.4 (1336.2)
3. °ßÀ¯ÇÐÆÄ. °ßÀ¯ÇÐÆÄÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀº ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀÇ µð¿À°Ô³×½º±îÁö À¯·¡¸¦ ÃßÀûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±³¸®ÀÇ »ó´ç ºÎºÐÀº ¸¶Å°º¥Å¸ ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÀÜÀç·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÄ»ýµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÀü¿¡ °ßÀ¯ÁÖÀǴ öÇÐÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇϳªÀÇ Á¾±³¿´´Ù. Àû¾îµµ °ßÀ¯ÇÐÆÄ´Â ±×µéÀÇ Á¾±³ öÇÐÀ»
¹ÎÁÖÈÇÏ¿´´Ù. µé¿¡¼ ½ÃÀå¿¡¼, À̵éÀº ¡°»ç¶÷Àº ÀڱⰡ ¿øÇϸé ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±´Â ±³¸®¸¦ ÁÙ°ð ÀüÆÄÇß´Ù. ´Ü¼ø°ú
¹Ì´öÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ°í, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °Ì ¾øÀÌ Á×À½À» ¸ÂÀÌÇ϶ó°í ±ÇÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¶°µ¹ÀÌ °ßÀ¯ÇÐÆÄ(̳êãùÊ÷ï) Àüµµ»çµéÀº ¿µÀûÀ¸·Î
°¥±ÞÇÑ ¹ÎÁßÀ» ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ±âµ¶±³ ¼±±³»çµéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© Áغñ½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥ Å©°Ô À̹ÙÁöÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌµé »çÀÌ¿¡ À¯ÇàÇÑ ¼³±³ ¼ø¼´Â ¹Ù¿ï
¼ÇÑÀÇ Çü½Ä°ú ±× ¹®Ã¼¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ µû¶ú´Ù.
| 3. The Cynic.
Although the Cynics traced their philosophy to Diogenes of Athens,
they derived much of their doctrine from the remnants of the teachings
of Machiventa Melchizedek. Cynicism had formerly been more of a
religion than a philosophy. At least the Cynics made their religio-philosophy
democratic. In the fields and in the market places they continually
preached their doctrine that ¡°man could save himself if he would.¡±
They preached simplicity and virtue and urged men to meet death
fearlessly. These wandering Cynic preachers did much to prepare
the spiritually hungry populace for the later Christian missionaries.
Their plan of popular preaching was much after the pattern, and
in accordance with the style, of Paul¡¯s Epistles. | |
121:4.5 (1336.3)
4. ȸÀÇÁÖÀÇÀÚ. ȸÀÇÁÖÀÇ(üãë÷ñ«ëù)´Â Áö½ÄÀº ÇãÀ§¿ä, È®½Å°ú º¸ÀåÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼øÀüÈ÷ ºÎÁ¤Àû
ŵµ¿´°í, °áÄÚ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| 4. The Skeptic.
Skepticism asserted that knowledge was fallacious, and that conviction
and assurance were impossible. It was a purely negative attitude
and never became widespread. | |
121:4.6 (1336.4)
ÀÌ ¿©·¯ öÇÐÀº Á¾±³¿¡ ÁØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. À̰͵éÀº ÈçÈ÷, È°·ÂÀ» ºÒ¾î³Ö°í À±¸®ÀûÀÌ°í »ç¶÷À» °í»óÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ̾úÁö¸¸,
´ë°³´Â ¼¹ÎÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» ³Ñ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ °ßÀ¯ÁÖÀǸ¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, À̰͵éÀº °ÇÑ ÀÚ¿Í ÁöÇý·Î¿î ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀ̾ú°í, °¡³ÇÑ
ÀÚ¿Í ¾àÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡°Ôµµ ±¸¿øÀ» ÁÖ´Â Á¾±³´Â ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.
| These philosophies
were semireligious; they were often invigorating, ethical, and ennobling
but were usually above the common people. With the possible exception
of Cynicism, they were philosophies for the strong and the wise,
not religions of salvation for even the poor and the weak. |
5. The Gentile Religions Throughout preceding ages religion had chiefly been an affair of the tribe or nation; it had not often been a matter of concern to the individual. Gods were tribal or national, not personal. Such religious systems afforded little satisfaction for the individual spiritual longings of the average person. | ||
121:5.2 (1336.6)
¿¹¼öÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡ ¼¾çÀÇ Á¾±³´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°¾Ò´Ù.
| In the times
of Jesus the religions of the Occident included: | |
121:5.3 (1336.7)
1. À̱³µµÀÇ Á¾ÆÄ. ÀÌ Á¾ÆĵéÀº Çï¶óÀΰú ¶óƾ Á·ÀÇ ½ÅÈ(ãêü¥)¤ý¾Ö±¹½É, ±×¸®°í ÀüÅëÀÇ Á¶ÇÕÀ̾ú´Ù.
| 1. The pagan
cults. These were a combination of Hellenic and Latin mythology,
patriotism, and tradition. | |
121:5.4 (1336.8)
2. ȲÁ¦ ¼þ¹è. À¯´ëÀΰú ÃÊ´ë ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ »ó¡À¸·Î¼ ÀÌ·¸°Ô »ç¶÷À» ½Å°ÝÈÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸÷½Ã ºÐ°³ÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
½Å°ÝÈ´Â ÀÌ µÎ Á¾ÆÄÀÇ ±³È¸°¡ ·Î¸¶ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸ðÁø Ç̹ÚÀ» ¹Þ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â Á÷Á¢ ¿øÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù.
| 2. Emperor
worship. This deification of man as the symbol of the state was
very seriously resented by the Jews and the early Christians and
led directly to the bitter persecutions of both churches by the
Roman government. | |
121:5.5 (1337.1)
3. Á¡¼º¼ú. ¹Ùºô·ÐÀÇ ÀÌ »çÀ̺ñ(ÞÄì»Þª) °úÇÐÀº ±×¸®½º¿Í ·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹¿¡ µÎ·ç, Á¾±³·Î ¹ßÀüµÇ¾ú´Ù. 20¼¼±â¿¡µµ »ç¶÷Àº
ÀÌ ¹Ì½Å °ü³ä¿¡¼ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹þ¾î³ªÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
| 3. Astrology.
This pseudo science of Babylon developed into a religion throughout
the Greco-Roman Empire. Even in the twentieth century man has not
been fully delivered from this superstitious belief. | |
121:5.6 (1337.2)
4. ½Åºñ Á¾ÆÄ. ±×Åä·Ï ¿µÀûÀ¸·Î °¥±ÞÇÑ ¼¼°è¿¡ ½Åºñ Á¾ÆĵéÀÇ È«¼ö°¡ ¹Ð·Á µé¾î¿Ô´Âµ¥, ·¹¹ÝÆ®¿¡¼ ¿Â »õ·Ó°í ÀÌ»óÇÑ
Á¾±³µéÀº Æò¹üÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½À» »©¾Ñ°í À̵鿡°Ô °³ÀÎÀÇ ±¸¿øÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇß´Ù. ÀÌ Á¾±³µéÀº ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ±×¸®½º¤ý·Î¸¶ ¼¼°èÀÇ ÇÏ·ù
°è±ÞÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Á¾±³µéÀº ÈξÀ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ÆÛÁöµµ·Ï ±æÀ» ¿¹ºñÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¸¹ÀÌ
À̹ÙÁöÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁöÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» ²ô´Â ½ÅÇÐ, ±×¸®°í ±× ½ÃÀý¿¡ ¹«ÁöÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿µÀûÀ¸·Î °¥±ÞÇÑ ¼¹ÎÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ±¸¿ø¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â ¾öû³ Á¦¾È°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½Å¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© Ź¿ùÇÑ °³³äÀ» Á¦½ÃÇß´Ù.
| 4. The mystery
religions. Upon such a spiritually hungry world a flood of mystery
cults had broken, new and strange religions from the Levant, which
had enamored the common people and had promised them individual
salvation. These religions rapidly became the accepted belief of
the lower classes of the Greco-Roman world. And they did much to
prepare the way for the rapid spread of the vastly superior Christian
teachings, which presented a majestic concept of Deity, associated
with an intriguing theology for the intelligent and a profound proffer
of salvation for all, including the ignorant but spiritually hungry
average man of those days. | |
121:5.7 (1337.3)
½Åºñ Á¾±³µéÀº ¹ÎÁ· ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Á¾¸»À» °¡Á®¿Ô°í, °³ÀÎÀ» »ó´ëÇÏ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº Á¾Æĸ¦ ź»ýÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¼ö°¡ ¸¹¾Ò¾îµµ ½Åºñ±³´Â
¸ðµÎ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù:
| The mystery
religions spelled the end of national beliefs and resulted in the
birth of the numerous personal cults. The mysteries were many but
were all characterized by: | |
121:5.8 (1337.4)
1. ¾î¶² ½ÅÈ(ãêü¥) °°Àº Àü¼³, Áï ½Åºñ¡ª¿©±â¿¡¼ ±× À̸§ÀÌ À¯·¡ÇÑ´Ù. ¹ÌÆ®¶ó±³ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Ù½ÃÇÇ, ´ëü·Î,
ÀÌ ½Åºñ´Â ¾î¶² ½Å(ãê)ÀÇ ÀÏ»ý¤ýÁ×À½¤ýºÎÈ° À̾߱â¿Í »ó°üÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹ÌÆ®¶ó±³´Â Çѵ¿¾È ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ¼¼¿î, ÆØâÇÏ´Â ±âµ¶±³¿Í
°°Àº ½Ã´ë¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇß°í, ÇÔ²² ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ´ÙÅõ¾ú´Ù.
| 1. Some mythical
legend, a mystery ¡ª whence their name. As a rule this mystery pertained
to the story of some god¡¯s life and death and return to life, as
illustrated by the teachings of Mithraism, which, for a time, were
contemporary with, and a competitor of, Paul¡¯s rising cult of Christianity. | |
121:5.9 (1337.5)
2. ½Åºñ±³µéÀº ¹ÎÁ· Á¾±³°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í Á¾Á·À» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ¿´´Ù. °³ÀÎÀûÀÌ°í Ä£±³ÇÏ´Â Á¾ÆÄ¿´°í, ±× °á°ú·Î Á¾±³Àû Ä£¸ñ »çȸ¿Í
¼ö¸¹Àº Á¾ÆÄ »çȸµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| 2. The mysteries
were nonnational and interracial. They were personal and fraternal,
giving rise to religious brotherhoods and numerous sectarian societies. | |
121:5.10 (1337.6)
3. À̵éÀÇ ¿¹¹è´Â Á¤±³ÇÑ ÀÔȸ ¿¹½Ä, ±×¸®°í ¿¹¹è µå¸± ¶§ ÀλóÀûÀÎ ¼ºÂù½ÄÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» °¡Á³´Ù. À̵éÀÇ ºñ¹Ð Àǽİú
¿¹½ÄÀº ¶§¶§·Î ²ûÂコ·´°í ¸Þ½º²¨¿î °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
| 3. They were,
in their services, characterized by elaborate ceremonies of initiation
and impressive sacraments of worship. Their secret rites and rituals
were sometimes gruesome and revolting. | |
121:5.11 (1337.7)
4. ±×·¯³ª ¿¹½ÄÀÇ ¼ºÁúÀ̳ª Áö³ªÄ£ Á¤µµ¿Í »ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, ÀÌ ½Åºñ±³µéÀº º¯ÇÔ¾øÀÌ ½Åµµµé¿¡°Ô ±¸¿ø, ¡°¾Ç¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ª°í,
»çÈÄ¿¡ »ì¾Æ³²°í, ½½ÇÄ°ú ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼ ÇູÇÑ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼ ¿À·¡¿À·¡ »ì °Í¡±À» ¾à¼ÓÇß´Ù.
| 4. But no matter
what the nature of their ceremonies or the degree of their excesses,
these mysteries invariably promised their devotees salvation, ¡°deliverance
from evil, survival after death, and enduring life in blissful realms
beyond this world of sorrow and slavery.¡± | |
121:5.12 (1337.8)
±×·¯³ª ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ½Åºñ±³¸¦ È¥µ¿ÇÏ´Â À߸øÀ» ÀúÁö¸£Áö ¸»¶ó. ÀÌ·± ½Åºñ±³µéÀÌ À¯ÇàÇÑ °ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ »çÈÄ¿¡ »ì¾Æ³²±â¸¦
Ãß±¸Çß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸À̸ç, µû¶ó¼ °³ÀÎÀ» »ó´ëÇÏ´Â Á¾±³¿Í °³ÀÎÀÇ ¿Ã¹Ù¸§À» ÁøÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô °¥¸ÁÇÏ°í ¸ñ¸¶¸£°Ô ã¾ÒÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
½Åºñ±³µéÀº ÀÌ·± ¼Ò¸ÁÀ» ÀûÀýÈ÷ ä¿öÁÖÁö ¸øÇßÁö¸¸, ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ¿¹¼ö°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±æÀ» ¿¹ºñÇß°í, ÀÌ ¿¹¼ö´Â ÂüÀ¸·Î
ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ »ý¸íÀÇ »§°ú »ý¸íÀÇ ¹°À» °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù.
| But do not
make the mistake of confusing the teachings of Jesus with the mysteries.
The popularity of the mysteries reveals man¡¯s quest for survival,
thus portraying a real hunger and thirst for personal religion and
individual righteousness. Although the mysteries failed adequately
to satisfy this longing, they did prepare the way for the subsequent
appearance of Jesus, who truly brought to this world the bread of
life and the water thereof. | |
121:5.13 (1337.9)
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ó±ÞÀÇ ½Åºñ Á¾±³¿¡ ³Î¸® ÁýÂøÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ·Á°í, °³Á¾(ËÇðó)ÇÒ °¡¸ÁÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Å« Áý´ÜÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´õ Àß ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ
¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µé·Á°í ¹Ù¿ïÀº ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¾ó¸¶Å °íÃÆ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ÀýÃæÇÑ °ÍÁ¶Â÷ (±âµ¶±³) ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ
½Åºñ Á¾Æĵ麸´Ù ´ÙÀ½ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ´õ ¿ì¼öÇÏ´Ù:
| Paul, in an
effort to utilize the widespread adherence to the better types of
the mystery religions, made certain adaptations of the teachings
of Jesus so as to render them more acceptable to a larger number
of prospective converts. But even Paul¡¯s compromise of Jesus¡¯ teachings
(Christianity) was superior to the best in the mysteries in that: | |
121:5.14 (1337.10)
1. ¹Ù¿ïÀº µµ´öÀÇ È¸º¹, Áï À±¸®Àû ±¸¿øÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. ±âµ¶±³´Â »õ·Î¿î »îÀ» ÇâÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í »õ·Î¿î ÀÌ»óÀ» ¼±Æ÷Çß´Ù.
¹Ù¿ïÀº ¿ä¼ú ÀǽÄ(ëðãÒ)°ú ¿¹½ÄÀÇ ¸¶¼úÀû ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ¹ö·È´Ù.
| 1. Paul taught
a moral redemption, an ethical salvation. Christianity pointed to
a new life and proclaimed a new ideal. Paul forsook magic rites
and ceremonial enchantments. | |
121:5.15 (1337.11)
2. ±âµ¶±³´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡¼ ±Ã±ØÀÇ ´äÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ¾Ö¾²´Â Á¾±³¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇߴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ Á¾±³°¡ ½½ÇÄ, ±×¸®°í Á×À½±îÁöµµ
ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ´Â ±¸¿øÀ» Á¦½ÃÇßÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÁË¿¡¼ ±¸¿ø¹Þ´Â °Íµµ ¾à¼ÓÇß°í, ÀÌ¿¡´Â ¿µ¿øÈ÷ »ì¾Æ³²´Â ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ÀÎÇ°ÀÇ ºÎ¿©°¡ µÚµû¶ú´Ù.
| 2. Christianity
presented a religion which grappled with final solutions of the
human problem, for it not only offered salvation from sorrow and
even from death, but it also promised deliverance from sin followed
by the endowment of a righteous character of eternal survival qualities. | |
121:5.16 (1338.1)
3. ½Åºñ±³´Â ½ÅÈ(ãêü¥)¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ°í ¼¼¿öÁ³´Ù. ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ÀüÆÄÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ±âµ¶±³´Â Àηù¿¡°Ô ¹Ì°¡¿¤, Áï Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
¾ÆµéÀÌ ¼ö¿©µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ¿ª»çÀû »ç½Ç¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ¾ú´Ù.
| 3. The mysteries
were built upon myths. Christianity, as Paul preached it, was founded
upon a historic fact: the bestowal of Michael, the Son of God, upon
mankind. | |
121:5.17 (1338.2)
À̹æÀÎ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ µµ´öÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã öÇÐÀ̳ª Á¾±³¿Í °ü·ÃµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎ ¹Ù±ù¿¡¼´Â, Á¾±³ÀÇ »çÁ¦(ÞÉð®)°¡ µµ´öÀû
»ýÈ°À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¶°¿À¸£Áö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ Á¾±³, ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§, ±×¸®°í
±× µÚ¿¡ ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¿ï ÆÇÀÇ ±âµ¶±³´Â ÇÑ ¼Õ¿¡ µµ´öÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¼Õ¿¡´Â À±¸®¸¦ Áã°í¼, ½ÅÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌ µÎ °¡Áö¿¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµ
½Å°æÀ» ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÃÖÃÊ·Î ÁÖÀåÇÑ À¯·´ÀÇ Á¾±³¿´´Ù.
| Morality among
the gentiles was not necessarily related to either philosophy or
religion. Outside of Palestine it not always occurred to people
that a priest of religion was supposed to lead a moral life. Jewish
religion and subsequently the teachings of Jesus and later the evolving
Christianity of Paul were the first European religions to lay one
hand upon morals and the other upon ethics, insisting that religionists
pay some attention to both. | |
121:5.18 (1338.3)
±×Åä·Ï ¾î¼³Ç öÇРü°è¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í, ±×·¸°Ô º¹ÀâÇÑ Á¾±³ÀÇ Á¾ÆÄµé ¶§¹®¿¡ °¥ÇǸ¦ ¸ø Àâ´Â ±×·± ¼¼´ëÀÇ »ç¶÷µé °¡¿îµ¥,
¿¹¼ö´Â ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸Àο¡¼ ž´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ ±×´Â °³ÀÎÀû Á¾±³¡ª»ç¶÷ÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÓÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â¡ªº¹À½À» ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¼¼´ë¿¡°Ô
ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
| Into such a
generation of men, dominated by such incomplete systems of philosophy
and perplexed by such complex cults of religion, Jesus was born
in Palestine. And to this same generation he subsequently gave his
gospel of personal religion¡ª sonship with God. |
121:6.1 (1338.4) ±×¸®½ºµµ ÀÌÀü 1¼¼±â°¡ ¸·À» ³»¸± ¶§°¡ µÇÀÚ, ¿¹·ç»ì·½ÀÇ Á¾±³ »ç»óÀº ±×¸®½º ¹®ÈÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡, ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½º öÇп¡µµ, ¾öû³ª°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í ¾ó¸¶Å ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. È÷ºê¸® »ç»óÀÇ µ¿ºÎ¿Í ¼ºÎ ÇÐÆÄÀÇ °üÁ¡ »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿À·£ ½Î¿òÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°¡, ¿¹·ç»ì·½, ±×¸®°í ³ª¸ÓÁö ¼¾ç(à¤åÇ)°ú ·¹¹ÝÆ®´Â ´ëü·Î ¼ºÎ À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ °üÁ¡, Áï ¼öÁ¤µÈ Çï¶óÆÄ °üÁ¡À» äÅÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. | 6. The Hebrew Religion By the close of the first century before Christ the religious thought of Jerusalem had been tremendously influenced and somewhat modified by Greek cultural teachings and even by Greek philosophy. In the long contest between the views of the Eastern and Western schools of Hebrew thought, Jerusalem and the rest of the Occident and the Levant in general adopted the Western Jewish or modified Hellenistic viewpoint. | |
121:6.2 (1338.5)
¿¹¼öÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â ¼¼ °¡Áö ¸»ÀÌ ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸Àο¡¼ Åë¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼¹ÎµéÀº ¾Æ¶÷¾îÀÇ ¾î¶² ¹æ¾ðÀ» ¸»Çß°í, »çÁ¦(ÞÉð®)¿Í ¶øºñµéÀº
È÷ºê¸®¾î¸¦ ½èÀ¸¸ç, ±³À°¹ÞÀº °è±Þ°ú »ó·ù °èÃþÀÇ À¯´ëÀÎÀº ´ëü·Î ±×¸®½º¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. À¯´ë ¹®È¿Í ½ÅÇÐ Áß¿¡¼ ±×¸®½ºÆÄ°¡
³ªÁß¿¡ ¿ì¼¼ÇÏ°Ô µÈ µ¥¿¡´Â ¾Ë·º»êµå¸®¾Æ¿¡¼ È÷ºê¸® ¼º¼¸¦ ±×¸®½º¾î·Î ÀÏÂï ¹ø¿ªÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀûÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿øÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù. ±âµ¶±³
¼±»ýµéÀÇ ±â·ÏÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±× ¾ð¾î·Î °ð ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. À¯´ëÁÖÀÇÀÇ ºÎÈïÀº È÷ºê¸® ¼º¼¸¦ ±×¸®½º¾î·Î ¿Å±ä µ¥¼ ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿µÇâÀ¸·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ, ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ Á¾ÆÄ°¡ µ¿¾çÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼¾çÀ¸·Î Èê·¯°¡°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| In the days
of Jesus three languages prevailed in Palestine: The common people
spoke some dialect of Aramaic; the priests and rabbis spoke Hebrew;
the educated classes and the better strata of Jews in general spoke
Greek. The early translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek
at Alexandria was responsible in no small measure for the subsequent
predominance of the Greek wing of Jewish culture and theology. And
the writings of the Christian teachers were soon to appear in the
same language. The renaissance of Judaism dates from the Greek translation
of the Hebrew scriptures. This was a vital influence which later
determined the drift of Paul¡¯s Christian cult toward the West instead
of toward the East. | |
121:6.3 (1338.6)
Çï¶óÈµÈ À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀº Äè¶ôÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ °ÅÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, À̵éÀº ÇöóÅæÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐ, ±×¸®°í ±Ø±â(кÐù)¸¦
°¡¸£Ä¡´Â ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» Å©°Ô ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¸¶Ä«ºñ 4¼´Â ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇ ¼¼·ÂÀÌ Å©°Ô ½ÅÀåµÈ °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÇöóÅæÀÇ Ã¶Çаú
±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇ ½ÅÁ¶, ÀÌ µÎ ¼¼·ÂÀÇ Ä§Åõ´Â ¼Ö·Î¸óÀÇ ÁöÇý¼¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. Çï¶óÈµÈ À¯´ëÀεéÀº È÷ºê¸® ¼º¼¸¦ ±×·¸°Ô ¿ìÈ(éÕü¥)·Î
Ç®ÀÌÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡, È÷ºê¸® ½ÅÇÐÀ» ±×µéÀÌ ¼þ»óÇÏ´ø ¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½ºÀÇ Ã¶Çп¡ ¼øÀÀ½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀ» Á¶±Ýµµ ¾î·Á¿öÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¾Ë·º»êµå¸®¾ÆÀÇ ÇÊ·ÎÀÇ ¼ÕÀ¸·Î 󸮵DZâ±îÁö ºñÂüÇÑ È¥¶õÀ» ³º¾Ò´Âµ¥, Çʷδ ±×¸®½º öÇаú È÷ºê¸® ½ÅÇÐÀ»
°£°áÇÏ°í »ó´çÈ÷ ÀÏ°ü¼º ÀÖ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Á¾±³ °ü³ä ¹× °ü½À ü°è·Î Á¶È½ÃÅ°°í ü°èÈÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» ÁøÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ±×¸®½º
öÇаú È÷ºê¸® ½ÅÇÐÀ» ÅëÇÕÇÑ ÀÌ ÈÄÀÏÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ¿¹¼ö°¡ »ì°í °¡¸£Ä¡´ø ¶§¿¡ ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸Àο¡ À¯ÇàÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, À̸¦ ¹Ù¿ïÀº
´õ¿í Áøº¸µÇ°í °è¸ùÀûÀÎ ±âµ¶±³ Á¾Æĸ¦ ¼¼¿ì´Â µ¥ ±âÃÊ·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| Though the
Hellenized Jewish beliefs were very little influenced by the teachings
of the Epicureans, they were very materially affected by the philosophy
of Plato and the self-abnegation doctrines of the Stoics. The great
inroad of Stoicism is exemplified by the Fourth Book of the Maccabees;
the penetration of both Platonic philosophy and Stoic doctrines
is exhibited in the Wisdom of Solomon. The Hellenized Jews brought
to the Hebrew scriptures such an allegorical interpretation that
they found no difficulty in conforming Hebrew theology with their
revered Aristotelian philosophy. But this all led to disastrous
confusion until these problems were taken in hand by Philo of Alexandria,
who proceeded to harmonize and systemize Greek philosophy and Hebrew
theology into a compact and fairly consistent system of religious
belief and practice. And it was this later teaching of combined
Greek philosophy and Hebrew theology that prevailed in Palestine
when Jesus lived and taught, and which Paul utilized as the foundation
on which to build his more advanced and enlightening cult of Christianity. | |
121:6.4 (1338.7)
Çʷδ À§´ëÇÑ ¼±»ýÀ̾ú´Ù. ¸ð¼¼ ÀÌÈÄ·Î ¼¾ç ¼¼°èÀÇ À±¸® ¹× Á¾±³ »ç»ó¿¡ ±×·¸°Ô ±íÀº ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£ »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
´ç´ëÀÇ À±¸®¿Í Á¾±³Àû °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Ã¼°è ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ» ÅëÇÕÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ ¶Ù¾î³ Àΰ£ ¼±»ýÀÌ ÀÏ°ö »ç¶÷ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸´Ï,
°ð ¼¼Å¸µå¤ý¸ð¼¼¤ýÁ¶·Î¾Æ½ºÅͤý³ëÀÚ¤ýºÎ´Ù¤ýÇʷΤý¹Ù¿ïÀÌ´Ù.
| Philo was a
great teacher; not since Moses had there lived a man who exerted
such a profound influence on the ethical and religious thought of
the Occidental world. In the matter of the combination of the better
elements in contemporaneous systems of ethical and religious teachings,
there have been seven outstanding human teachers: Sethard, Moses,
Zoroaster, Lao-tse, Buddha, Philo, and Paul. | |
121:6.5 (1339.1)
±×¸®½ºÀÇ ½ÅºñÁÖÀÇ Ã¶Çаú ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ À²¹ý ½ÅÇаú ÅëÇÕÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·Â¿¡¼ »ý±â´Â ÇÊ·ÎÀÇ ºÎÁ¶¸®¸¦
¹Ù¿ïÀº ÀüºÎ´Â ¾Æ´Ï¶óµµ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀνÄÇßÀ¸¸ç, Çö¸íÇÏ°Ôµµ ±×°¡ Áö³æ´ø ±âµ¶±³ ÀÌÀüÀÇ ±âº» ½ÅÇп¡¼ ÀÌ ºÎÁ¶¸®¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö¹ö·È´Ù.
Çʷδ ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ÆĶó´ÙÀ̽º »ïÀ§ÀÏü °³³äÀ» ´õ Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô È¸º¹Çϵµ·Ï ±æÀ» ÀεµÇߴµ¥, ±× °³³äÀº À¯´ë ½ÅÇп¡¼ ¿À·§µ¿¾È
ÀáÀÚ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ °¡Áö ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ÇÊ·Î¿Í ¹ß°ÉÀ½À» ¸ÂÃ߰ųª, ºÎÀ¯ÇÏ°í ±³À°¹ÞÀº ÀÌ ¾Ë·º»êµå¸®¾Æ À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§À» ¶Ù¾î³ÑÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´À¸´Ï, °ð ¼ÓÁË ±³¸®¿´´Ù. Çʷδ ¿À·ÎÁö ÇǸ¦ Èê·Á¾ß ¿ë¼¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â ±³¸®¸¦ ¹þ¾î³ª¶ó°í °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù.
±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Æ¸¶ ¹Ù¿ïº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¼°Ô »ý°¢ Á¶ÀýÀÚÀÇ ½Çü¿Í °è½ÉÀ» ¾óÇÍ º» µíÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ¿øÁË(ê«ñª) ÀÌ·Ð,
°ð ¹°·Á¹ÞÀº ÁË, Ÿ°í³ ¾Ç, ±×¸®°í ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ È¸º¹ÇÑ´Ù´Â ±³¸®´Â ±× ±â¿øÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ ¹ÌÆ®¶ó±³¿¡ ÀÖ°í, ÀÌ´Â È÷ºê¸® ½ÅÇÐÀ̳ª
ÇÊ·ÎÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀ̳ª ¶Ç´Â ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú °ÅÀÇ °øÅëÁ¡ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¿øÁË¿Í ¼ÓÁË(áÛñª)¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¾î¶² ´Ü°è´Â
½º½º·Î »ý°¢ÇØ ³½ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| Many, but
not all, of Philo¡¯s inconsistencies resulting from an effort to
combine Greek mystical philosophy and Roman Stoic doctrines with
the legalistic theology of the Hebrews, Paul recognized and wisely
eliminated from his pre-Christian basic theology. Philo led the
way for Paul more fully to restore the concept of the Paradise Trinity,
which had long been dormant in Jewish theology. In only one matter
did Paul fail to keep pace with Philo or to transcend the teachings
of this wealthy and educated Jew of Alexandria, and that was the
doctrine of the atonement; Philo taught deliverance from the doctrine
of forgiveness only by the shedding of blood. He also possibly glimpsed
the reality and presence of the Thought Adjusters more clearly than
did Paul. But Paul¡¯s theory of original sin, the doctrines of hereditary
guilt and innate evil and redemption therefrom, was partially Mithraic
in origin, having little in common with Hebrew theology, Philo¡¯s
philosophy, or Jesus¡¯ teachings. Some phases of Paul¡¯s teachings
regarding original sin and the atonement were original with himself. | |
121:6.6 (1339.2)
¿¹¼ö°¡ ¶¥¿¡¼ »ê »ý¾Ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¶Áö¸· À̾߱âÀÎ ¿äÇÑ º¹À½Àº ¼¾ç ¹ÎÁ·µéÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú°í, ÈÄÀÏ ¾Ë·º»êµå¸®¾Æ¿¡
ÀÖ´Â ±âµ¶±³ ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ºñÃß¾î¼ ±× À̾߱⸦ ¿«¾ú´Âµ¥, À̵éÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÊ·ÎÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ̾ú´Ù.
| The Gospel
of John, the last of the narratives of Jesus¡¯ earth life, was addressed
to the Western peoples and presents its story much in the light
of the viewpoint of the later Alexandrian Christians, who were also
disciples of the teachings of Philo. | |
121:6.7 (1339.3)
±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ »ì´ø ¹«·Æ¿¡, ¾Ë·º»êµå¸®¾Æ¿¡¼ À¯´ëÀο¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¾ÇȵǾú´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¾ À¯´ëÀÎ º»°ÅÁö·ÎºÎÅÍ Áöµ¶ÇÑ
¹ÚÇØÀÇ ¹°°áÀÌ ÆÛÁ® ³ª°¬°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ·Î¸¶¿¡±îÁöµµ ÆÛÁ®¼ °Å±â¼ ¼öõ ¸íÀÌ Ãß¹æµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç½ÇÀ» ¿Ö°îÇÏ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ
ÅõÀïÀº ±æ°Ô °¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿À·¡Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¼ Á¦±¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â Á¦±¹ Àü¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃÄ À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ Ãà¼ÒµÈ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ȸº¹½ÃÄ×´Ù.
| At about the
time of Christ a strange reversion of feeling toward the Jews occurred
in Alexandria, and from this former Jewish stronghold there went
forth a virulent wave of persecution, extending even to Rome, from
which many thousands were banished. But such a campaign of misrepresentation
was short-lived; very soon the imperial government fully restored
the curtailed liberties of the Jews throughout the empire. | |
121:6.8 (1339.4)
³ÐÀº ¿Â ¼¼°è¿¡ µÎ·ç, »ó¾÷À̳ª ¹ÚÇØ·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡ Èð¾îÁ® ÀÖµçÁö »ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, ¸ðµÎ°¡ Çϳª °°ÀÌ ¿¹·ç»ì·½ÀÇ
°Å·èÇÑ ¼ºÀü¿¡ ¸¶À½À» µÎ¾ú´Ù. À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀº ¾î¶² ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾Æ ¼±»ýµéÀÌ ¶§¿¡ ¾Ë¸Â°Ô °³ÀÔÇÑ ´öÅÃÀ¸·Î ÀØÇôÁöÁö ¾Ê°í
¸î ¹øÀ̳ª ±¸Á¶µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú¾îµµ, À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀº ¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡¼ Çؼ®ÇÏ°í ½ÇõÇÑ ´ë·Î »ì¾Æ³²¾Ò´Ù.
| Throughout
the whole wide world, no matter where the Jews found themselves
dispersed by commerce or oppression, all with one accord kept their
hearts centered on the holy temple at Jerusalem. Jewish theology
did survive as it was interpreted and practiced at Jerusalem, notwithstanding
that it was several times saved from oblivion by the timely intervention
of certain Babylonian teachers. | |
121:6.9 (1339.5)
250¸¸¿¡ À̸£´Â ÀÌ Èð¾îÁø À¯´ëÀεéÀº ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ Á¾±³Àû ÃàÁ¦¸¦ Áö³»·Á°í ¿¹·ç»ì·½À¸·Î ¿À°ï Çß´Ù. µ¿ºÎ(¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾ÆÆÄ)¿Í
¼ºÎ(Çï¶óÆÄ) À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀ̳ª öÇп¡ ¹«½¼ ÀÇ°ß Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖµç »ó°ü ¾øÀÌ, ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ¿¹·ç»ì·½ÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¿¹¹èÀÇ Áß½ÉÀ̶ó´Â
°Í, ±×¸®°í ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ°¡ ¿Ã °ÍÀ» ´Ã ±â´ëÇÏ´Â ÀÇ°ßÀÌ °°¾Ò´Ù.
| As many as
two and one-half million of these dispersed Jews used to come to
Jerusalem for the celebration of their national religious festivals.
And no matter what the theologic or philosophic differences of the
Eastern (Babylonian) and the Western (Hellenic) Jews, they were
all agreed on Jerusalem as the center of their worship and in ever
looking forward to the coming of the Messiah. |
121:7.1 (1339.6) ¿¹¼ö°¡ »ì´ø ½ÃÀýÀÌ µÇÀÚ, À¯´ëÀÎÀº ±×µéÀÇ ±â¿ø¤ý¿ª»ç¤ý¿î¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °íÁ¤µÈ °³³ä¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀڽŰú À̹æÀÎ ¼¼°è¸¦ °¥¶ó³õ´Â ±»Àº º®À» ½×¾Ò°í, À̹æÀÎÀÇ ¸ðµç »ýÈ° ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¼Ó¼ÓµéÀÌ °æ¸êÇÏ´Â ´«À¸·Î º¸¾Ò´Ù. À²¹ýÀ» ±ÛÀÚ ±×´ë·Î ¼þ»óÇß°í ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ µ¶¼±(Ô¼à¼)¿¡ ºüÁ³À¸¸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº °ÅÁþµÈ °â¼ÕÀ» ¶°´Â ÀÚ¸¸¿¡¼ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ°¡ ¿Â´Ù´Â ¾à¼Ó¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¼±ÀÔ°üÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ´ëºÎºÐÀº ±×µéÀÇ ±¹°¡¿Í ¹ÎÁ· ¿ª»çÀÇ ÀϺημ ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ°¡ ¿Â´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× ½ÃÀýÀÇ È÷ºê¸®Àο¡°Ô À¯´ë ½ÅÇÐÀº °íÄ¥ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ È®°íÇÏ°í ¿µ¿øÈ÷ °íÁ¤µÈ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. | 7. Jews and Gentiles By the times of Jesus the Jews had arrived at a settled concept of their origin, history, and destiny. They had built up a rigid wall of separation between themselves and the gentile world; they looked upon all gentile ways with utter contempt. They worshiped the letter of the law and indulged a form of self-righteousness based upon the false pride of descent. They had formed preconceived notions regarding the promised Messiah, and most of these expectations envisaged a Messiah who would come as a part of their national and racial history. To the Hebrews of those days Jewish theology was irrevocably settled, forever fixed. | |
121:7.2 (1339.7)
°ü¿ë°ú Ä£Àý¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ÇàÀ§´Â À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ À̱³µµ·Î ¿©±ä ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÌ ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö³æ´ø ŵµ¿Í
»ó¹ÝµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿©·¯ ¼¼´ë¿¡ °ÉÃÄ, À¯´ëÀÎÀº ¹Ù±ù ¼¼°è¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼·Î ¿µÀû ÇüÁ¦¶ó´Â ÁÖÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱â
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç ±×·¯ÇÑ Åµµ¸¦ ±æ·¯ ¿Ô´Ù. ±×µéÀº À̹æÀΰú µ¿µîÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ¾ß¿þ¸¦ ±â²¨ÀÌ ÇÔ²² ¼¶±â·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í,
¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ±×·¸°Ô »õ·Ó°í ÀÌ»óÇÑ ±³¸®¸¦ °¡¸£Ä£ »ç¶÷À» Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î ±â²¨ÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| The teachings
and practices of Jesus regarding tolerance and kindness ran counter
to the long-standing attitude of the Jews toward other peoples whom
they considered heathen. For generations the Jews had nourished
an attitude toward the outside world which made it impossible for
them to accept the Master¡¯s teachings about the spiritual brotherhood
of man. They were unwilling to share Yahweh on equal terms with
the gentiles and were likewise unwilling to accept as the Son of
God one who taught such new and strange doctrines. | |
121:7.3 (1340.1)
¼±â°ü°ú ¹Ù¸®»õÀΰú Á¦»çÀåµéÀº Àǽİú À²¹ýÁÖÀÇÀÇ ¹«¼¿î »ç½½¿¡ À¯´ëÀÎÀ» ¹¾î³õ¾Ò°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû »ç½½º¸´Ùµµ
´õ °¡±îÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Çö½ÇÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿¹¼öÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡ À¯´ëÀÎÀº À²¹ýÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »ç¶÷À» Á¾À¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â ÀüÅëÀÇ
¿ä±¸¿¡ ¶È°°ÀÌ ¹¿© ÀÖ¾ú°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº °³ÀÎ ¹× »çȸ »ýÈ°ÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÐ¾ß¿¡ °ü°èµÇ°í ħÅõÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÚµðÀÜ Çൿ ±ÔÄ¢Àº ¸ðµç
Ãæ½ÇÇÑ À¯´ëÀÎÀ» µû¶ó´Ù´Ï°í Áö¹èÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ½Å¼ºÇÑ ÀüÅë(îî÷Ö)À» ÁÖÁ¦³Ñ°Ô ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í, ¿À·§µ¿¾È ÁöÄÑ ¿Ô´ø, »çȸÀÇ
Çൿ ±ÔÄ¢À» °¨È÷ Á¶·ÕÇÑ »ç¶÷, ±×µé °¡¿îµ¥ ÇÑ »ç¶÷À» ´Ü¹ø¿¡ ¹°¸®Ä£ °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ¾Æ¹öÁö ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀÌ ¿¹Á¤ÇØ
³õ¾Ò´Ù°í »ý°¢µÈ ±³¸®¿¡ ¼½¿Áö ¾Ê°í ¸Â¼± ÀÚÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µµÀúÈ÷ ÁÁ°Ô º¼ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¸ð¼¼°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô À²¹ýÀ» ÁØ °ÍÀÌ°í,
±×µéÀº ŸÇùÇÏ·Á µéÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| The scribes,
the Pharisees, and the priesthood held the Jews in a terrible bondage
of ritualism and legalism, a bondage far more real than that of
the Roman political rule. The Jews of Jesus¡¯ time were not only
held in subjugation to the law but were equally bound by the slavish
demands of the traditions, which involved and invaded every domain
of personal and social life. These minute regulations of conduct
pursued and dominated every loyal Jew, and it is not strange that
they promptly rejected one of their number who presumed to ignore
their sacred traditions, and who dared to flout their long-honored
regulations of social conduct. They could hardly regard with favor
the teachings of one who did not hesitate to clash with dogmas which
they regarded as having been ordained by Father Abraham himself.
Moses had given them their law and they would not compromise. | |
121:7.4 (1340.2)
±×¸®½ºµµ ÀÌÈÄ 1¼¼±â°¡ µÇÀÚ, À̸§ ÀÖ´Â ¼±»ý°ú ¼±â°üµéÀÌ À²¹ýÀ» Ç®ÀÌÇÑ ¸»¾¸Àº ±â·ÏµÈ À²¹ý ÀÚüº¸´Ùµµ ´õ ³ôÀº ±ÇÇÑÀ»
°¡Á³´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÀÌÀ¯·Î, À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ¾î¶² Á¾±³ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº, »õ º¹À½ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ÆíÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µéÀ» ´õ¿í
½±°Ô Áý°á½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| By the time
of the first century after Christ the spoken interpretation of the
law by the recognized teachers, the scribes, had become a higher
authority than the written law itself. And all this made it easier
for certain religious leaders of the Jews to array the people against
the acceptance of a new gospel. | |
121:7.5 (1340.3)
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲÀº À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ Á¾±³ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿Í ¿µÀû ÇعæÀ» ºÎ¸£Â¢´Â »õ º¹À½ÀÇ »çÀÚ(ÞÅíº)°¡ µÇ¾î ½Å¼ºÇÑ ¿î¸íÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀüÅëÀÇ »ç½½¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³¯ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¿¹·¹¹Ì¾ß´Â ¡°»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ »õ°Ü¾ß ÇÒ À²¹ý¡±¿¡
°üÇÏ¿© ¸»ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ¿¡½º°ÖÀº ¡°»ç¶÷ÀÇ È¥ ¼Ó¿¡¼ »ì »õ ¿µ¡±¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¸»ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ½ÃÆíÀÇ ÀúÀÚ(îÊíº)´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÌ
¡°»ç¶÷ ¼Ó¿¡ ±ú²ýÇÑ ¸¶À½À» âÁ¶ÇÏ°í ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¿µÀ» ´Ù½Ã »õ·Ó°Ô ÇÒ °Í¡±À» ±âµµÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼±ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ°í À²¹ý¿¡ ±¼Á¾ÇÒ
°ÍÀ» ºÎ¸£Â¢´Â À¯´ë Á¾±³°¡ ÀüÅëÀû ½À¼ºÀÇ ¼öÁرîÁö ħüµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, Á¾±³Àû ¹ßÀüÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀº ¼ÂÊÀ¸·Î, À¯·´ ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡°Ô
³Ñ¾î°¡ ¹ö·È´Ù.
| These circumstances
rendered it impossible for the Jews to fulfill their divine destiny
as messengers of the new gospel of religious freedom and spiritual
liberty. They could not break the fetters of tradition. Jeremiah
had told of the ¡°law to be written in men¡¯s hearts,¡± Ezekiel had
spoken of a ¡°new spirit to live in man¡¯s soul,¡± and the Psalmist
had prayed that God would ¡°create a clean heart within and renew
a right spirit.¡± But when the Jewish religion of good works and
slavery to law fell victim to the stagnation of traditionalistic
inertia, the motion of religious evolution passed westward to the
European peoples. | |
121:7.6 (1340.4)
±×·¡¼ Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ½ÅÇÐÀ» ¼¼»ó¿¡ ÀüÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÌ ºÎ¸§¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÅÇÐÀº ±×¸®½ºÀÎÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐ, ·Î¸¶ÀÎÀÇ ¹ý, È÷ºê¸®ÀÎÀÇ
µµ´ö°ú ÇÔ²², ÀΰÝÀÇ ½Å¼ºÇÔ°ú ¿µÀû ÇعæÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â º¹À½, ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ Çü¼ºÇÏ°í ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ º¹À½À» ´ãÀº
ü°èÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À̾ú´Ù.
| And so a different
people were called upon to carry an advancing theology to the world,
a system of teaching embodying the philosophy of the Greeks, the
law of the Romans, the morality of the Hebrews, and the gospel of
personality sanctity and spiritual liberty formulated by Paul and
based on the teachings of Jesus. | |
121:7.7 (1340.5)
¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ¼¼¿î ±âµ¶±³ Á¾ÆÄ´Â, °Å±â¿¡ ´ã±ä µµ´öÀÌ À¯´ë±³¿¡¼ ÅÂ¾î³ ÀÚ±¹À» µå·¯³½´Ù. À¯´ëÀÎÀº ¿ª»ç¸¦ Çϳª´Ô¡ªÀÏÇÏ´Â
¾ß¿þ¡ªÀÇ ¼·¸®¶ó°í º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®½ºÀÎÀº Á»´õ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ¿µ»ý(çµßæ) °³³äÀ» ÀÌ »õ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µµÀÔÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ ´ã±ä
½ÅÇаú öÇÐÀº ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÇöóÅæ°ú ÇÊ·ÎÀÇ ¿µÇâµµ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ À±¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇÀڷκÎÅ͵µ
¿µ°¨À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
| Paul¡¯s cult
of Christianity exhibited its morality as a Jewish birthmark. The
Jews viewed history as the providence of God ¡ª Yahweh at work. The
Greeks brought to the new teaching clearer concepts of the eternal
life. Paul¡¯s doctrines were influenced in theology and philosophy
not only by Jesus¡¯ teachings but also by Plato and Philo. In ethics
he was inspired not only by Christ but also by the Stoics. | |
121:7.8 (1340.6)
¿¹¼öÀÇ º¹À½Àº, ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ¾ÈƼ¿Á ±âµ¶±³ Á¾ÆÄ¿¡ ´ã°Ü ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ¼¯ÀÌ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù:
| The gospel
of Jesus, as it was embodied in Paul¡¯s cult of Antioch Christianity,
became blended with the following teachings: | |
121:7.9 (1340.7)
1. À¯´ë±³·Î ÀüÇâÇÑ ±×¸®½ºÀÎÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐ ³í¸®. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿µ»ý(çµßæ) °³³äÀ» ¾ó¸¶Å Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
| 1. The philosophic
reasoning of the Greek proselytes to Judaism, including some of
their concepts of the eternal life. | |
121:7.10 (1340.8)
2. À¯ÇàÇÏ´ø ½ÅºñÁÖÀÇ Á¾ÆĵéÀÇ ¸Å·Â ÀÖ´Â °¡¸£Ä§, ƯÈ÷ ¾î¶² ½ÅÀÌ Èñ»ý¹°À» ¹ÙħÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷À» µÇã°í, ¼ÓÁËÇÏ°í ±¸¿øÇÑ´Ù´Â
¹ÌÆ®¶ó±³ÀÇ ±³¸®.
| 2. The appealing
teachings of the prevailing mystery cults, especially the Mithraic
doctrines of redemption, atonement, and salvation by the sacrifice
made by some god. | |
121:7.11 (1340.9)
3. ÀÚ¸®ÀâÈù À¯´ë Á¾±³ÀÇ ÅºÅºÇÑ µµ´ö¼º.
| 3. The sturdy
morality of the established Jewish religion. | |
121:7.12 (1341.1)
¿¹¼ö°¡ »ì´ø ½ÃÀý¿¡ ÁöÁßÇØÀÇ ·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹°ú Æĸ£Æ¼¾Æ ¿Õ±¹, ±×¸®°í ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀº ¸ðµÎ, ¼¼°èÀÇ Áö¸®(ò¢×â)¤ýõ¹®¤ý°Ç°¤ýÁúº´¿¡
°üÇÏ¿© Åõ¹ÚÇÑ ¿ø½Ã °ü³äÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ³ª»ç·¿ ¸ñ¼öÀÇ »õ·Ó°í °æÀÌ·Î¿î ¹ß¾ð¿¡ ´ç¿¬È÷ ³î¶ó¿öÇß´Ù. ÁÁÀº ¿µ°ú ³ª»Û
¿µ¿¡°Ô ½Åµé¸°´Ù´Â »ý°¢Àº Àΰ£¿¡°Ô¸¸ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸ðµç µ¹°ú ³ª¹«¿¡µµ ¿µÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù.
À̶§´Â ¸¶¼ú¿¡ Ȧ¸° ½Ã´ë¿´°í, ´©±¸³ª ±âÀû(Ðôîç)ÀÌ º¸Åë ÀϾ´Â ÀÏÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù.
| The Mediterranean
Roman Empire, the Parthian kingdom, and the adjacent peoples of
Jesus¡¯ time all held crude and primitive ideas regarding the geography
of the world, astronomy, health, and disease; and naturally they
were amazed by the new and startling pronouncements of the carpenter
of Nazareth. The ideas of spirit possession, good and bad, applied
not merely to human beings, but every rock and tree was viewed by
many as being spirit possessed. This was an enchanted age, and everybody
believed in miracles as commonplace occurrences. |
121:8.1 (1341.2) ¹ÞÀº Áöħ¿¡ ¾î±ß³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ, ¿ì¸®´Â À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ý°ú »ó°ü ÀÖ´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ±â·ÏÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ¾î´À Á¤µµ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö½è´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â »çµµ ¾Èµå·¹ÀÇ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ±â·ÏÀ» µé¿©´Ùº¼ ±âȸ¸¦ °¡Á³°í, ¹Ì°¡¿¤ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¼ö¿©ÇÏ´ø ½ÃÀý¿¡ ¶¥¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ±¤´ëÇÑ ¹«¸®ÀÇ ÇÏ´Ã Á¸Àçµé(ƯÈ÷ Áö±ÝÀº ÀΰÝÀÌ µÈ ±×ÀÇ Á¶ÀýÀÚ)ÀÇ ÇùÁ¶¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¸¶Å¤ý¸¶°¡¤ý´©°¡¤ý¿äÇÑ º¹À½À̶ó ĪÇÏ´Â º¹À½µéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. | 8. Previous Written Records As far as possible, consistent with our mandate, we have endeavored to utilize and to some extent co-ordinate the existing records having to do with the life of Jesus on Urantia. Although we have enjoyed access to the lost record of the Apostle Andrew and have benefited from the collaboration of a vast host of celestial beings who were on earth during the times of Michael¡¯s bestowal (notably his now Personalized Adjuster), it has been our purpose also to make use of the so-called Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. | |
121:8.2 (1341.3)
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾à(ãæå³) ±â·ÏÀº ´ÙÀ½ »óȲ¿¡¼ ±× ±â¿øÀ» °¡Á³´Ù:
| These New Testament
records had their origin in the following circumstances: | |
121:8.3 (1341.4)
1. ¸¶°¡°¡ ¾´ º¹À½. ¿äÇÑ ¸¶°¡´Â (¾Èµå·¹ÀÇ ³ëÆ®¸¦ Á¦Ãijõ°í) ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ý¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© °¡Àå ÀÏÂï, °¡Àå ª°í °£´ÜÇÑ
±â·ÏÀ» ³²°å´Ù. ÁÖ¸¦ ºÀ»çÀڷμ, »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ »ç´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î Á¦½ÃÇß´Ù. ¸¶°¡´Â ÀڱⰡ ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â ¿©·¯ Àå¸é¿¡ ¾ó¾À°Å¸®´ø
ÀþÀºÀÌ¿´Áö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ±×ÀÇ ±â·ÏÀº ½Ã¸ó º£µå·Î¿¡ µû¸¥ º¹À½ÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â Ãʱ⿡ º£µå·Î, ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ¹Ù¿ï°ú °ü·ÃÀ» °¡Á³´Ù.
¸¶°¡´Â º£µå·ÎÀÇ °Ý·Á¸¦ ¹Þ°í, ·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ±³È¸ÀÇ °£ÀýÇÑ ºÎŹÀ» ¹Þ°í¼ ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ½è´Ù. ÁÖ°¡ ¶¥¿¡¼ À°½ÅÀ» ÀÔ¾úÀ»
¶§ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¾ó¸¶³ª ÇÑ°á°°ÀÌ ±â·ÏÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á Çߴ°¡ ¾Ë¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸¶°¡´Â »çµµ¿Í ±âŸ À¯·ÂÇÑ Á¦ÀÚµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î,
ÁÖÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ±â·ÏÇϱ⸦ ¸Á¼³¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º£µå·Î´Â ·Î¸¶ ±³È¸°¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ ±â·ÏµÈ À̾߱âÀÇ Áö¿øÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ´À²¼°í,
¸¶°¡´Â À̸¦ ÁغñÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ¶°¸Ã±â·Î Âù¼ºÇß´Ù. ¸¶°¡´Â ¼±â 67³â, º£µå·Î°¡ Á×±â Àü¿¡ ªÀº ±â·ÏÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ Àû¾î ³õ¾Ò°í,
º£µå·Î°¡ Àΰ¡ÇÑ ÁٰŸ®¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ±×¸®°í ·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© º£µå·Î°¡ Á×°í ³ ¹Ù·Î µÚ¿¡ ±ÛÀ» ¾²±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.
ÀÌ º¹À½Àº ¼±â 68³âÀÌ Àú¹° ¹«·Æ¿¡ ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¶°¡´Â ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±â¾ï°ú º£µå·ÎÀÇ ±â¾ïÀ» »ì·Á¼ ½è´Ù. ÀÌ
±â·ÏÀº ±× µÚ¿¡ »ó´çÈ÷ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú°í ¼ö¸¹Àº ±¸ÀýÀÌ »èÁ¦µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÃÖÃÊÀÇ º¹À½¿¡¼ ¸¶Áö¸· 5ºÐÀÇ 1Àº óÀ½ ¿øº»À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
º£³¢±âµµ Àü¿¡ ¾ø¾îÁ³´Âµ¥, À̸¦ ´ë½ÅÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ¾î¶² »ç°ÇµéÀÌ ³¡¿¡ ÷°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¶°¡°¡ ¾´ ±â·ÏÀº, ¾Èµå·¹¿Í
¸¶ÅÂÀÇ ³ëÆ®¿Í ÇÔ²², ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ý°ú °¡¸£Ä§À» ±×¸®·Á°í ¾Ö¾´ ¸ðµç ÈÄÀÏÀÇ º¹À½ À̾߱⠱â·Ï¿¡ ±âÃÊ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| 1. The Gospel
by Mark. John Mark wrote the earliest (excepting the notes of Andrew),
briefest, and most simple record of Jesus¡¯ life. He presented the
Master as a minister, as man among men. Although Mark was a lad
lingering about many of the scenes which he depicts, his record
is in reality the Gospel according to Simon Peter. He was early
associated with Peter; later with Paul. Mark wrote this record at
the instigation of Peter and on the earnest petition of the church
at Rome. Knowing how consistently the Master refused to write out
his teachings when on earth and in the flesh, Mark, like the apostles
and other leading disciples, was hesitant to put them in writing.
But Peter felt the church at Rome required the assistance of such
a written narrative, and Mark consented to undertake its preparation.
He made many notes before Peter died in A.D. 67, and in accordance
with the outline approved by Peter and for the church at Rome, he
began his writing soon after Peter¡¯s death. The Gospel was completed
near the end of A.D. 68. Mark wrote entirely from his own memory
and Peter¡¯s memory. The record has since been considerably changed,
numerous passages having been taken out and some later matter added
at the end to replace the latter one fifth of the original Gospel,
which was lost from the first manuscript before it was ever copied.
This record by Mark, in conjunction with Andrew¡¯s and Matthew¡¯s
notes, was the written basis of all subsequent Gospel narratives
which sought to portray the life and teachings of Jesus. | |
121:8.4 (1341.5)
2. ¸¶ÅÂÀÇ º¹À½. À̸¥¹Ù ¸¶Å¿¡ µû¸¥ º¹À½Àº À¯´ëÀÎ ±âµ¶±³ ½ÅÀڵ鿡°Ô ±³ÈÆÀ» ÁÖ·Á°í ÁÖÀÇ ÀÏ»ý¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ÀûÀº ±â·ÏÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ±â·ÏÀÇ ÀúÀÚ´Â ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ý¿¡¼, ±×°¡ ÇàÇÑ ¸¹Àº ÀÏÀÌ ¡°¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÇ ¸»¾¸À» ÀÌ·ç±â À§ÇÑ °Í¡±ÀÓÀ» º¸ÀÌ·Á°í Ç×»ó ¾Ö¾´´Ù.
¸¶Å º¹À½Àº ¿¹¼ö°¡ ´ÙÀÀÇ ÈļÕÀÌ¶ó ¹¦»çÇÏ°í À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀ» Å©°Ô Á¸ÁßÇϴ ŵµ¸¦ º¸ÀÌ´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î ¹¦»çÇÑ´Ù.
| 2. The Gospel
of Matthew. The so-called Gospel according to Matthew is the record
of the Master¡¯s life which was written for the edification of Jewish
Christians. The author of this record constantly seeks to show in
Jesus¡¯ life that much which he did was that ¡°it might be fulfilled
which was spoken by the prophet.¡± Matthew¡¯s Gospel portrays Jesus
as a son of David, picturing him as showing great respect for the
law and the prophets. | |
121:8.5 (1341.6)
»çµµ ¸¶Å´ ÀÌ º¹À½À» ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµé °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÎ À̻絹ÀÌ ÀÌ º¹À½À» ½è°í, ÀÌ ÀÏ¿¡ µµ¿òµÇ´Â ÀÚ·á·Î¼,
ÀÌ »ç°Çµé¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¸¶Å°¡ °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ±â¾ïÇÑ °Í»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿¹¼öÀÇ ¸»¾¸¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©, ÁÖ°¡ ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡ ¸ø¹ÚÈù ¹Ù·Î µÚ¿¡
¸¶Å°¡ ½á³õ¾Ò´ø ¾î¶² ±â·ÏÀ» ¶ÇÇÑ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸¶ÅÂÀÇ ÀÌ ±â·ÏÀº ¾Æ¶÷¾î·Î ½è°í, À̻絹Àº ±×¸®½º¾î·Î ½è´Ù. ±×
Àú¼¸¦ ¸¶ÅÂÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î µ¹¸° µ¥¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ¼ÓÀÏ ¶æÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±× ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½º½Â¿¡°Ô ¸í¿¹¸¦ µ¹¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ
°ü½ÀÀ̾ú´Ù.
| The Apostle
Matthew did not write this Gospel. It was written by Isador, one
of his disciples, who had as a help in his work not only Matthew¡¯s
personal remembrance of these events but also a certain record which
the latter had made of the sayings of Jesus directly after the crucifixion.
This record by Matthew was written in Aramaic; Isador wrote in Greek.
There was no intent to deceive in accrediting the production to
Matthew. It was the custom in those days for pupils thus to honor
their teachers. | |
121:8.6 (1342.1)
¸¶Å°¡ ÃÖÃÊ¿¡ ¾´ ±â·ÏÀº ±×°¡ º¹À½ Àüµµ¿¡ µé¾î°¡·Á°í ¿¹·ç»ì·½À» ¶°³ª±â ¹Ù·Î Àü¿¡, ¼±â 40³â¿¡ ÆíÁýµÇ¾ú°í ¿©±â¿¡
´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀÌ Ã·°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç»ç·Î¿î ±â·ÏÀ̾ú°í, ±× ¸¶Áö¸· »çº»Àº ¼±â 416³â¿¡ ½Ã¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¾î´À ¼öµµ¿øÀÌ ºÒÅÀÀ»
¶§ »ç¶óÁ³´Ù.
| Matthew¡¯s original
record was edited and added to in A.D. 40 just before he left Jerusalem
to engage in evangelistic preaching. It was a private record, the
last copy having been destroyed in the burning of a Syrian monastery
in A.D. 416. | |
121:8.7 (1342.2)
À̻絹Àº ¼±â 70³â¿¡ ŸÀÌÅõ½ºÀÇ ±º´ë°¡ ¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡ ÅõÀÔµÈ µÚ¿¡, ±× µµ½Ã·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÇÇßÀ¸¸ç ¸¶Å°¡ ÀûÀº ±â·ÏÀÇ »çº»(ÞÐÜâ)
Çϳª¸¦ Æç¶ó·Î °¡Áö°í °¬´Ù. 71³â¿¡, Æç¶ó¿¡¼ »ç´Â µ¿¾È, À̻絹Àº ¸¶Å¿¡ µû¸¥ º¹À½À» ½è´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¶°¡ÀÇ
À̾߱⿡¼ óÀ½ 5ºÐÀÇ 4¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| Isador escaped
from Jerusalem in A.D. 70 after the investment of the city by the
armies of Titus, taking with him to Pella a copy of Matthew¡¯s notes.
In the year 71, while living at Pella, Isador wrote the Gospel according
to Matthew. He also had with him the first four fifths of Mark¡¯s
narrative. | |
121:8.8 (1342.3)
3. ´©°¡°¡ ¾´ º¹À½. Çǽõð¾Æ Áö¹æÀÇ ¾ÈƼ¿Á¿¡¼ »ì´ø ÀÇ»ç ´©°¡´Â ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ °³Á¾½ÃŲ À̹æÀÎÀ̾ú°í, ÁÖÀÇ ÀÏ»ý¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¸¥ À̾߱⸦ Àû¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¼±â 47³â¿¡ ºñ·Î¼Ò ¹Ù¿ïÀ» µû¸£°í ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ý°ú °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© À̾߱⸦ µé¾ú´Ù.
´©°¡´Â ¹Ù¿ï ¹× ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ ¿©·¯ »ç½ÇÀ» ¸ðÀº ´ë·Î, ±×ÀÇ ±â·Ï¿¡ ¡°ÁÖ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÀºÇý¡±¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº
°ÍÀ» °£Á÷ÇÑ´Ù. ´©°¡´Â ÁÖ¸¦ ¡°¼¼¸®¿Í ÁËÀÎÀÇ Ä£±¸¡±¶ó°í ³»¼¼¿î´Ù. ±×´Â ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ Á×À» ¶§±îÁö ÀÌ ±â·ÏÀ» º¹À½¼·Î ¸¸µéÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ´©°¡´Â ¾ÆÄ«À̾ƿ¡¼ 82³â¿¡ ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â ¼¼ ±ÇÀÇ Ã¥À» ¾²·Á°í °èȹÇßÀ¸³ª
ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡¼ µÑ° Ã¥, ¡°»çµµµéÀÇ ÇàÀû¡±À» ¸¶Ä¡±â ¹Ù·Î Àü, ¼±â 90³â¿¡ Á×¾ú´Ù.
| 3. The Gospel
by Luke. Luke, the physician of Antioch in Pisidia, was a gentile
convert of Paul, and he wrote quite a different story of the Master¡¯s
life. He began to follow Paul and learn of the life and teachings
of Jesus in A.D. 47. Luke preserves much of the ¡°grace of the Lord
Jesus Christ¡± in his record as he gathered up these facts from Paul
and others. Luke presents the Master as ¡°the friend of publicans
and sinners.¡± He did not formulate his many notes into the Gospel
until after Paul¡¯s death. Luke wrote in the year 82 in Achaia. He
planned three books dealing with the history of Christ and Christianity
but died in A.D. 90 just before he finished the second of these
works, the ¡°Acts of the Apostles.¡± | |
121:8.9 (1342.4)
´©°¡´Â ±×ÀÇ º¹À½À» ¼öÁýÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÚ·á·Î¼, ¸ÕÀú ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ÀüÇØ ÁØ, ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ý À̾߱⿡ ÀÇÁ¸Çß´Ù. ±×·¯´Ï±î
´©°¡ÀÇ º¹À½Àº ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼, ¹Ù¿ï¿¡ µû¸¥ º¹À½ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´©°¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±Ù¿øÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´©°¡´Â ¿¹¼öÀÇ
ÀÏ»ý¿¡¼ ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº »ç°ÇÀÇ ÁõÀÎÀ» ¸î½Ê ¸í ¸¸³ª¼ ¹°¾îº¸¾ÒÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¶°¡ÀÇ º¹À½, ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ óÀ½
5ºÐÀÇ 4ÀÇ »çº», ±×¸®°í À̻絹ÀÇ À̾߱â, ¶Ç ¼¼µ¥½º¶ó´Â À̸§À» °¡Áø ÇÑ ½Åµµ°¡ ¾ÈƼ¿Á¿¡¼ ¼±â 78³â¿¡ ¸¸µç °£´ÜÇÑ
±â·ÏÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´©°¡´Â ¶ÇÇÑ »çµµ ¾Èµå·¹°¡ Àû¾ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåµÇ´Â ¾î¶² ±â·ÏµéÀÇ »çº», Àý´ÜµÇ°í ¸¹ÀÌ ÆíÁýµÈ »çº»À»
°¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| As material
for the compilation of his Gospel, Luke first depended upon the
story of Jesus¡¯ life as Paul had related it to him. Luke¡¯s Gospel
is, therefore, in some ways the Gospel according to Paul. But Luke
had other sources of information. He not only interviewed scores
of eyewitnesses to the numerous episodes of Jesus¡¯ life which he
records, but he also had with him a copy of Mark¡¯s Gospel, that
is, the first four fifths, Isador¡¯s narrative, and a brief record
made in the year A.D. 78 at Antioch by a believer named Cedes. Luke
also had a mutilated and much-edited copy of some notes purported
to have been made by the Apostle Andrew. | |
121:8.10 (1342.5)
4. ¿äÇÑÀÇ º¹À½. ¿äÇÑ¿¡ µû¸¥ º¹À½Àº ´Ù¸¥ ±â·Ï¿¡ ´ã°Ü ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº, À¯´ë ¶¥¿¡¼, ±×¸®°í ¿¹·ç»ì·½ ±Ùó¿¡¼ ¿¹¼ö°¡
ÇϽŠÀÏÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ Àû´Â´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ À̸¥¹Ù ¼¼º£´ëÀÇ ¾Æµé ¿äÇÑ¿¡ µû¸¥ º¹À½À̸ç, ºñ·Ï ¿äÇÑÀÌ ÀÌ º¹À½¼¸¦ ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò¾îµµ
±× »ý°¢À» ºÒ¾î³Ö¾ú´Ù. óÀ½ ±â·ÏµÈ µÚ¿¡, ¹Ù·Î ¿äÇÑÀÌ ¾´ °Íó·³ º¸À̵µ·Ï ¸¸µé·Á°í ¿©·¯ ¹ø ÆíÁýÀ» °ÅÃÆ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â·ÏÀÌ
¸¸µé¾îÁ³À» ¶§, ¿äÇÑÀº ´Ù¸¥ º¹À½¼µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, Çã´ÙÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ºüÁ® ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ¼±â 101³â¿¡
±×´Â ÄÉÀÚ¸®¾Æ¿¡¼ ¿Â ±×¸®½º°è À¯´ëÀÎ µ¿·á ³ª´Ü¿¡°Ô ±ÛÀ» ¾²±â ½ÃÀÛÇ϶ó°í °Ý·ÁÇß´Ù. ¿äÇÑÀº ±â¾ïÀ» ´õµë°í, ÀÌ¹Ì Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â
¼¼ °¡Áö ±â·ÏÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀڷḦ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀûÀº Àú¼°¡ Çϳªµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¡°¿äÇÑ 1¼¡±¶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø
ÆíÁö´Â ±×ÀÇ Áöµµ ÇÏ¿¡¼ ³ª´ÜÀÌ ¾´ ÀÛÇ°À» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ´Â ÆíÁö·Î¼, ¿äÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ½è´Ù.
| 4. The Gospel
of John. The Gospel according to John relates much of Jesus¡¯ work
in Judea and around Jerusalem which is not contained in the other
records. This is the so-called Gospel according to John the son
of Zebedee, and though John did not write it, he did inspire it.
Since its first writing it has several times been edited to make
it appear to have been written by John himself. When this record
was made, John had the other Gospels, and he saw that much had been
omitted; accordingly, in the year A.D. 101 he encouraged his associate,
Nathan, a Greek Jew from Caesarea, to begin the writing. John supplied
his material from memory and by reference to the three records already
in existence. He had no written records of his own. The Epistle
known as ¡°First John¡± was written by John himself as a covering
letter for the work which Nathan executed under his direction. | |
121:8.11 (1342.6)
ÀÌ ÀúÀÚµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ±×µéÀÌ º» ´ë·Î ±â¾ïÇÑ ´ë·Î, ¶Ç´Â µéÀº ´ë·Î, ±×¸®°í ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ ½ÅÇÐÀ» ³ªÁß¿¡ ¿ËÈ£ÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÌ
¾ÆµæÈ÷ ¸Õ »ç°Çµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÇ °³³äÀÌ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀº ´ë·Î, ¿¹¼öÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¼ÖÁ÷ÇÏ°Ô ±×·È´Ù. ¾î¼³ÇÁ±â´Â Çصµ, ÀÌ
±â·ÏµéÀº °ÅÀÇ 2õ ³â µ¿¾È À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ ¿ª»çÀÇ È帧À» ¹Ù²Ù±â¿¡ ÃæºÐÇß´Ù.
| All these writers
presented honest pictures of Jesus as they saw, remembered, or had
learned of him, and as their concepts of these distant events were
affected by their subsequent espousal of Paul¡¯s theology of Christianity.
And these records, imperfect as they are, have been sufficient to
change the course of the history of Urantia for almost two thousand
years. | |
121:8.12 (1343.1)
[ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¸»¾¸: ³ª»ç·¿ ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ´Ù½Ã Àû°í ±×ÀÇ ÇàÀûÀ» ´Ù½Ã À̾߱âÇ϶ó´Â ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ´À¶ó°í ³ª´Â ¸ðµç ±Ù¿øÀÇ
±â·Ï°ú Ç༺¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ¸¶À½´ë·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ µ¿±â´Â Áö±Ý »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¼¼´ëÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±ú¿ìÄ¥ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
¾Õ³¯ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼¼´ë¿¡°Ôµµ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ±î ½ÍÀº ±â·ÏÀ» ÁغñÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ³»°¡ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï Á¦°øµÈ ±¤´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ ÀúÀåÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ,
³ª´Â ÀÌ ¸ñÀûÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â µ¥ °¡Àå Àû´çÇÑ °ÍÀ» °ñ¶ú´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ, ³ª´Â ¼øÀüÈ÷ Àΰ£ÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò¾î³Â´Ù.
¿À·ÎÁö ±×·¯ÇÑ ±Ù¿øÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇßÀ» ¶§, ÃÊÀΰ£ ±â·Ï¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çß´Ù. ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ý°ú °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý°¢°ú °³³äÀ» ÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÇ
Áö¼ºÀÌ ¾µ ¸¸ÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇßÀ» ¶§, º¯ÇÔ¾øÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ÇüÅ·Πº¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì´ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖÀÇ ÀÏ»ý°ú °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ
ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í Âü Á߿伺¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °³³ä¿¡ ´õ Àß ¸Âµµ·Ï ¾ð¾î Ç¥ÇöÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö½èÁö¸¸, °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ, ³» À̾߱â Àüü¿¡¼
½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ Àΰ£Àû °³³ä°ú »ý°¢ ¹æ½ÄÀ» °í¼öÇÏ¿´´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸Ó¸® ¼Ó¿¡¼ »ý°Ü³ °³³äµéÀÌ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ Àΰ£ÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇϱ⿡ ´õ
¾µ ¸¸ÇÏ°í À¯ÀÍÇÔÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÉ °ÍÀ» ³ª´Â Àß ¾È´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ±â·Ï¿¡¼³ª Àΰ£ÀÇ Ç¥Çö¿¡¼ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °³³äÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§,
´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ¹Ù·Î ³»°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ °è±ÞÀÇ Áö±¸ »ý¹°, Áï ÁßµµÀÚ(ñéÔ³íº)µéÀÇ ±â¾ï ÀÚ·á¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çß´Ù. ±× 2Â÷ ±Ù¿øÀÇ Á¤º¸°¡
ºÎÀû´çÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µå·¯³µÀ» ¶§, ¼½¿Áö ¾Ê°í ³ª´Â Ç༺ ¹Ù±ù¿¡¼ °¡Á®¿Â Á¤º¸¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çß´Ù.
| [Acknowledgment:
In carrying out my commission to restate the teachings and retell
the doings of Jesus of Nazareth, I have drawn freely upon all sources
of record and planetary information. My ruling motive has been to
prepare a record which will not only be enlightening to the generation
of men now living, but which may also be helpful to all future generations.
From the vast store of information made available to me, I have
chosen that which is best suited to the accomplishment of this purpose.
As far as possible I have derived my information from purely human
sources. Only when such sources failed, have I resorted to those
records which are superhuman. When ideas and concepts of Jesus¡¯
life and teachings have been acceptably expressed by a human mind,
I invariably gave preference to such apparently human thought patterns.
Although I have sought to adjust the verbal expression the better
to conform to our concept of the real meaning and the true import
of the Master¡¯s life and teachings, as far as possible, I have adhered
to the actual human concept and thought pattern in all my narratives.
I well know that those concepts which have had origin in the human
mind will prove more acceptable and helpful to all other human minds.
When unable to find the necessary concepts in the human records
or in human expressions, I have next resorted to the memory resources
of my own order of earth creatures, the midwayers. And when that
secondary source of information proved inadequate, I have unhesitatingly
resorted to the superplanetary sources of information. | |
121:8.13 (1343.2)
»çµµ ¾Èµå·¹ÀÇ ±â·Ï¿¡ ´ã±ä ±â¾ïÀº º°µµ·Î ÇÏ°í¡ª¿¹¼öÀÇ ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ÀÌ °è½Ã, ´õ Á¤È®È÷ ¸»Çϸé, ´Ù½Ã Áø¼úÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ±ÛÀ»
¾µ ¶§±îÁö, ¶¥¿¡¼ »ê 2õ ¸íÀÌ ³Ñ´Â Àΰ£À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ²ø¾î ¸ðÀº, ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ °üÇÑ º¸¼® °°Àº »ý°¢°ú ¿ì¼öÇÑ °³³äÀ»
´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ¸Þ¸ð, ³»°¡ ¼öÁýÇØ¿Â ¿©·¯ ¸Þ¸ð·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª´Â ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ý°ú °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ÀÌ À̾߱⸦ ÁغñÇß´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ
±â·Ï°ú Àΰ£ÀÇ °³³äÀÌ Àû´çÇÑ »ý°¢ ÇüŸ¦ Á¦°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ ¶§¿¡¾ß Çã¶ô¹ÞÀº °è½Ã¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇß´Ù. °è½Ã À§¿øȸ´Â, ¼øÀüÈ÷ Àΰ£ÀÇ
±Ù¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °³³äÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ãÀ¸·Á´Â ³ë·ÂÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù°í Áõ¾ðÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¶§±îÁö, Àΰ£ ¹Ù±ù ±Ù¿øÀÇ Á¤º¸³ª Ç¥ÇöÀ»
»ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó°í ±ÝÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| The memoranda
which I have collected, and from which I have prepared this narrative
of the life and teachings of Jesus¡ª aside from the memory of the
record of the Apostle Andrew ¡ª embrace thought gems and superior
concepts of Jesus¡¯ teachings assembled from more than two thousand
human beings who have lived on earth from the days of Jesus down
to the time of the inditing of these revelations, more correctly
restatements. The revelatory permission has been utilized only when
the human record and human concepts failed to supply an adequate
thought pattern. My revelatory commission forbade me to resort to
extrahuman sources of either information or expression until such
a time as I could testify that I had failed in my efforts to find
the required conceptual expression in purely human sources. | |
121:8.14 (1343.3)
³» µ¿·á ÁßµµÀÚ 11¸í°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÏÇϸé¼, ±â·ÏÀ» Ã¥ÀÓÁø ¸á±â¼¼µ¦ÀÇ °¨µ¶ ÇÏ¿¡¼, È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¹è¿ÇÏ·Á´Â ³» »ý°¢´ë·Î,
Áï½Ã Ç¥ÇöÇÑ ¼±Åÿ¡ µû¶ó¼, ÀÌ À̾߱⸦ ¿«¾ú´Ù. ±×·±µ¥µµ, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ °ü³ä°ú È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¾î¶² Ç¥ÇöÁ¶Â÷,
ÀÌ »ç¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§ ¾ÆÁ÷ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´ø »ç¶÷µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, Áß°£¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ ¿©·¯ ¼¼´ë¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¶¥¿¡¼ »ì¾Ò´ø ¿©·¯ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ
»ç¶÷µé ¸Ó¸® ¼Ó¿¡¼ ±â¿øÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. ¿©·¯ ¸é¿¡¼, ³ª´Â µ¶Ã¢ÀûÀÎ À̾߱â²ÛÀ̶ó±âº¸´Ù ¼öÁýÇÏ°í ÆíÁýÇÏ´Â Àڷμ ÀÏÇß´Ù.
³ª·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ýÀ» °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¹¦»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â »ý°¢°ú °³³ä, ±×¸®°í °¡Àå ¶Ù¾î³ª°Ô À¯ÀÍÇÏ°í ³Î¸®
»ç¶÷À» ¼þ°íÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» ½á¼, °ßÁÙ µ¥ ¾ø´Â ÁÖÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ´Ù½Ã Áø¼úÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â, µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸é Àΰ£´Ù¿î »ý°¢°ú
°³³äÀ» ³ª´Â ¼½¿Áö ¾Ê°í ÀÌ¿ëÇß´Ù. À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ ¿¬ÇÕ ÁßµµÀÚµéÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿©, ¶¥¿¡¼ »ç½Å ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ýÀ» ´Ù½Ã Áø¼úÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ
±Û¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ ¸ðµç ±Ù¿øÀÇ ±â·Ï°ú °³³ä¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®°¡ ºúÁø °ÍÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ °¨»çÇÑ ¸¶À½À¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤(ìãïÒ)ÇÑ´Ù.]
| While I, with
the collaboration of my eleven associate fellow midwayers and under
the supervision of the Melchizedek of record, have portrayed this
narrative in accordance with my concept of its effective arrangement
and in response to my choice of immediate expression, nevertheless,
the majority of the ideas and even some of the effective expressions
which I have thus utilized had their origin in the minds of the
men of many races who have lived on earth during the intervening
generations, right on down to those who are still alive at the time
of this undertaking. In many ways I have served more as a collector
and editor than as an original narrator. I have unhesitatingly appropriated
those ideas and concepts, preferably human, which would enable me
to create the most effective portraiture of Jesus¡¯ life, and which
would qualify me to restate his matchless teachings in the most
strikingly helpful and universally uplifting phraseology. In behalf
of the Brotherhood of the United Midwayers of Urantia, I most gratefully
acknowledge our indebtedness to all sources of record and concept
which have been hereinafter utilized in the further elaboration
of our restatement of Jesus¡¯ life on earth.] |